Unusual abscesses associated with colon cancer: report of three cases

Three cases of colon cancer accompanied by unusual abscess formation are reported. Case I : A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with a paracolic abscess formation behind the cecum and a swollen appendix by computed tomography (CT) scan. Case II : An 85-year-old woman was diagnosed with an abscess formation of the right iliopsoas muscle, a swollen appendix, and a thickened right colon wall by CT scan. After antibiotic therapy failed, both patients underwent ileocecal resection urgently under suspicion of appendicitis, but cecal cancer around the entrance to the appendix caused secondary appendicitis in both cases. Case III : A 50-year-old woman was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer with an abscess formation in the pelvic cavity concomitant with ovarian tumor. A Hartmann procedure was performed, and a pathological examination revealed that a subserosal abscess behind the sigmoid colon cancer perforated the rectum with abscess formation. All cases were definitively diagnosed intraoperatively. The cancer recurred in cases I and III. We emphasize that precise surgical evaluation has an important role in the diagnosis of these complicated diseases. In addition, surgery affords the patient the best chance of recovery, and in these advanced cases radical treatment is recommended as early as possible

Muscle contractile exercise through a belt electrode device prevents myofiber atrophy, muscle contracture, and muscular pain in immobilized rat gastrocnemius muscle

Purpose: Immobilization of skeletal muscles causes muscle atrophy, muscle contracture, and muscle pain, the mechanisms of which are related to macrophage accumulation. However, muscle contractile exercise through a belt electrode device may mitigate macrophage accumula-tion. We hypothesized that such exercise would be effective in preventing myofiber atrophy, muscle contracture, and muscular pain. This study tested this hypothesis in immobilized rat gastrocnemius muscle.Materials and methods: A total of 32 rats were divided into the following control and experimental groups: immobili-zation (immobilized treatment only), low-frequency (LF; immobilized treatment and muscle contractile exercise with a 2 s (do) /6 s (rest) duty cycle), and high-frequency (HF; immobi-lized treatment and muscle contractile exercise with a 2 s (do)/2 s (rest) duty cycle). Electri-cal stimulation was performed at 50 Hz and 4.7 mA, and muscle contractile exercise was applied to the lower limb muscles for 15 or 20 min/session (once daily) for 2 weeks (6 times/ week). After the behavioral tests, the bilateral gastrocnemius muscles were collected for analysis.Results: The number of macrophages, the Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA expression, and the hydroxyproline content in the HF group were lower than those in the immobilization and LF groups. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of type IIb myofibers in the superficial region, the PGC-1α mRNA expression, and the range of motion of dorsiflexion in the HF group were significantly higher than those in the immobilization and LF groups. The pressure pain thresholds in the LF and HF groups were significantly higher than that in the immobilization group, and the nerve growth factor (NGF) content in the LF and HF groups was significantly lower than that in the immobilization group.Conclusion: Muscle contractile exercise through the belt electrode device may be effective in preventing immobilization-induced myofiber atrophy, muscle contracture, and muscular pain in the immobilized rat gastrocnemius muscle

新入学生の理学療法士イメージと進学志望動機との関連

長崎県内3校の理学療法学科に入学した新1年生102名を対象に，理学療法士に対するイメージと進学志望動機との関連について検討した．理学療法士イメージは学生の進学志望動機と性別に関係なく関連性があった．理学療法についての啓蒙活動の重要性の一端を示唆するものであった．また，進学志望動機については規定要因の関わりに性差を認めたが，その内容については今後の検討課題である．The present study was designed to clarify the correlation between physical therapist image and motives for entering school. The internal consistency of scales for physical therapist image and motives for entering school were Cronbach\u27s coefficient 0.88 and 0.87 repectively. We found that physical therapist image was related to motives for entering school (r=0.38, p<0.01), and that correlations determined by gender were absent. However difference by gender was found to be significant for motive for entering school (p=0.007), and this result is partially in accord with previous studies

寒冷療法実施時におけるH反射，M波の変化

理学療法における寒冷療法の効果について安静時，寒冷終了時，15分後のH反射・M波のリクルートメントカーブ（RC）を導出した．RCより，Hmax／Mmax比，H閾値／M閾値比，Hslp／Mslp比を求め，安静時と比較検討した．同一被験者のH反射，M波の各測定時の振幅は低下してした．Hmax／Mmax比，H閾値／M閾値比，Hslp／Mslp比は，各測定時において統計的有意差は認められないものの，安静時と比較して低下する傾向を示した．　これらの結果より寒冷刺激は，脊髄運動ニューロンプールの抑制に関与するが，その影響は筋に対する抑制が大きいものと考えられた．To study the effect of cryotherapy in physiotherapy, the recruitment curve (RC) of Hoffman refrex (H-reflex) and motor wave (M-wave) was evoked at rest, at completion of cryotherapy and after 15 minutes. The Hmax/Mmax ratio (Hmax/Mmax), H threshold/M threshold ratio (Hth/Mth) and H slope/M slope ratio (Hslp/Mslp) were calculated from RC and were compared with the values at rest. The amplitudes of H-reflex and M-wave at completion of cooling and after 15 minutes decreased in all subjects. The Hmax/Mmax, Hth/Mth and Hslp/Mslp were not significant statistically at each measurement but showed a trend of decrease compared with the values at rest. These results suggested that the cooling is effctive on the inhibition of muscles while it contributes to the inhibition of the motoneuron pool

ベーネッシュ運動記載法を用いた歩行評価

本研究の目的は，ベーネシュ運動記載法を用いた成人片麻痺患者の歩行分析評価の妥当性と信頼性についての検討である．20例の脳卒中片麻痺患者の歩行を記載し，5つの歩行因子，及び四肢・体幹の要素の記号数を求め，分析した．その結果，歩行因子では位置・角度因子の記号数が他の因子の記号数に比べ有意に多く，四肢・体幹の要素では上肢と下肢の記号数に有意差はなかった．また，Brunnstrom stageが低いほど位置・角度因子や上肢，体幹の記号数が有意に多く，それを反映し記号総数も多かった．以上の結果からBMNの歩行評価の適応とその妥当性と信頼性が認められた．このように観察歩行評価としてのBMNは，有効な客観的臨床歩行評価の方法と認められる．We studied the validity and the reliablity, as well as the indications and limitations of Benesh Movement Notation gait assessment with adult hemiplegic patients. We described the use of BMN for analysis of the walking of 20 adult hemiplegic patients, and analyzed the number of BMN deviational signs which we divided into five classifications of walking factors, in addition to factor for limb and trunk. It was thereby found that: 1.The twenty subjects represented 366 deviational signs that we summarize the performance in terms of standing posture and walking. The Brunnstrom recovery stage (BS) was low with higher numbers of deviational signs, although a significant difference was not observed. 2.For walking factors, the numbers of deviational signs with position/angle factors were significantly higher than many the numbers of deviational signs associated with the other four factor classifications. 3.For walking factors, the numbers of deviation signs increased with low BS, and significant differences were idetified the position/angle and orthosis factor classificatione. The BMN methods consist mainly of the evaluation of gait deviations from visual assessment of position/angle factors and limb and trunk variables. Our results indicate that the BMN method can be used reliably. It should be possible to develop BMN systems with higher reliability levels so that observational gait assessments can be generally recognized as an objective clinical gait evaluation tool

ペルーの人工変形頭蓋正中矢状面輪郭における若干の顔面角について

ペルー人男性の前頭後頭型人工変形頭蓋における頭蓋型と，正中矢状面輪郭上の歯槽性突顎に関連する若干の角について調べた．変形頭蓋は非常に大きな頭蓋示数を有するが，頭蓋モズルスは非変形頭蓋との間に有意差がなかった．Basion （Ba）-Nasion （Na）-Prosthion （Pr）角とBa-Na-Subspinale （Ss）角における両頭蓋間の差は有意であった．これに対し，Na-Pr線，Na-Ss線とフランクフルト面（FHP）のなす角度の差は有意でなかった．また，Na-Ba線とFHPとのなす角に有意差が認められた．これらの結果から人工変形はNa-Ba線の位置変化をもたらすが，歯槽性突顎の形態には影響を与えないことが示唆される．Three principal cranial dimensions and six angles on sagittal cranial profile related with facial prognathism, between artificially front-occipital deformed and undeformed Peruvian skulls were examined. The deformed skull group was characterized by a shorter and wider neurocranial vault. Angular analyses suggested that the skull deformation caused displacement of the basion-nasion line. However, the significant difference in the facial prognathism between the deformed and undeformed skulls could not be confirmed in this craniogeometric study

理学療法学科学生の意欲低下についての研究

理学療法学科学生102名を対象に，その意欲低下について学業，授業，学校の3領域に分け，これに関与するといわれている要因との関連について検討した．これらの尺度間の相関係数から，意欲低下全体と各下位尺度を目的変数に，アイデンティティ，モラトリアム，自尊感情，進学志望動機を説明変数として重回帰分析を行った．その結果，いずれの重相関係数も有意であった．また，標準偏回帰係数が有意な関連は，意欲低下全体とモラトリアム（β＝0.300，p<0.01），学業とアイデンティティ（β＝－0.201，p<0.05）および自尊感情（β＝－0.257，p<0.05），授業とモラトリアム（β＝0.333，p<0.01）および自尊感情（β＝0.214，p<0.01），学校とアイデンティティ（β＝－0.347，p<0.01）において認められた．意欲低下は3領域で異なる関連性を示し，このことは学生との対応において問題の実態を把握し，各領域との関連要因を考慮する必要のあることを示唆するものである．The present study was designed to clarify correlations between problem behavior in enervated students and related factors, that is, identity, moratorium, self-esteem, and motives for entering school. Enervation in students, a disturbance of mental health, is an important facet of quality of life. The enervation or volitional degeneracy observed was divided into three areas: schoolactivity enervation, class enervation, and school institution enervation. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the resulting correlation coefficients among scores representing identity, moratorium, self-esteem, and motives for entering school. We found that moratorium directly impacted on overall enervation (R2=0.166, p<0.01). Similarly, the factors affecting schoolactivity enervation were identity and self-esteem (R2=0.135, p<0.01), those affecting class enervation were moratorium and self-esteem (R2=0.209, p<0.01), while that impacting on school institution enervation was identity (R2=0.148, p<0.01). Thus, in educational intervention regarding enervation, consideration of the problematic content is especially important in order to enhance the students\u27 quality of life

Hindlimb Suspension Does Not Influence Mechanical Sensitivity, Epidermal Thickness, and Peripheral Nerve Density in the Glabrous Skin of the Rat Hind Paw

Our aim was to investigate the influence of microgravity on the sensitivity of the skin to mechanical stimulation, epidermal thickness, peripheral nerve density in the upper dermis, and serum levels of a stress marker in a rat hindlimb suspension (HS) model. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: HS, n=10; sham HS, n=10; control, n=10. The suspension system was attached to rat tails in both the HS and sham-HS groups, but the hindlimbs were suspended only in the HS group. The HS and sham-HS groups were treated for 4 weeks. In behavioral tests using von-Frey filaments (n=5 in each group), mechanical hypersensitivity developed in the HS and sham HS groups. Serum corticosterone levels increased significantly in the HS and sham HS groups compared to the control group, and no changes in epidermal thickness or peripheral nerve density were observed immediately after the removal of HS (n=5 in each group). These data indicated that the mechanical hypersensitivity observed in the HS group was not caused by microgravity or inactivity, but rather by restraint stress. We suggest that microgravity does not affect skin sensitivity and histology in these animals

解剖実習体の膝関節にみられた円板状外側半月の一例について-特に関節内靱帯との関係-

65歳男性遺体の右膝に見いだされた円板状外側半月を観察し，特に関節内付属靱帯との関係を記載した．円板状外側半月は比較的幅広く，脛骨の外側顆上関節面をほぼ完全に被い，肉眼的観察およびX線撮影ではその損傷や石灰化などの異常は見られなかった．本例では，全体的に半月の固定に関係する靱帯の発達が良好であった．すなわち，半月の前角と後角は靱帯を介して強固に脛骨に付着し，さらに，強い半月横靱帯が内・外側半月の前部を連結していた．後方では外側半月後角から起こる太い後半月大腿靱帯が認められた．加えて，内側・外側半月の前角から起こり前十字靱帯に合流する靱帯小束が認められたが，これらは半月の前部固定に関与すると考えられた．The right knee, from a male cadaver aged 65, with discoid lateral meniscus was carefully dissected. The meniscus and its anatomical relationships with some associated ligaments of the knee are described. The discoid meniscus was a wide structure covering nearly the articular surface of the tibia and was almost intact macroscopically. Neither meniscal calcification nor ossification was demonstrated by radiography. There were strong transverse ligament, solid attachments from both anterior and posterior horns to the tibia, distinct posterior menisco-femoral ligament, and ligamentous slips from both anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci to the anterior cruciate ligament. The knee anatomy was characterized by the well-development attachment system of the menisci. The medial meniscus was anatomically normal