423 research outputs found

    Phase separation in fluids exposed to spatially periodic external fields

    Full text link
    We consider the liquid-vapor type phase transition for fluids confined within spatially periodic external fields. For a fluid in d=3 dimensions, the periodic field induces an additional phase, characterized by large density modulations along the field direction. At the triple point, all three phases (modulated, vapor, and liquid) coexist. At temperatures slightly above the triple point and for low (high) values of the chemical potential, two-phase coexistence between the modulated phase and the vapor (liquid) is observed. We study this phenomenon using computer simulations and mean-field theory for the Ising model. The theory shows that, in order for the modulated phase to arise, the field wavelength must exceed a threshold value. We also find an extremely low tension of the interface between the modulated phase and the vapor/liquid phases. The tension is of the order 10^{-4} kB T per squared lattice spacing, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature. In order to detect such low tensions, a new simulation method is proposed. We also consider the case of d=2 dimensions. The modulated phase then does not survive, leading to a radically different phase diagram.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure

    Impact de la Cochenille Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) sur les rendements du manioc (Manihot esculenta) au Gabon

    Get PDF
    La cochenille Phenacoccus manihoti est lā€™une des causes de la chute des rendements du manioc au Gabon. Par la randomisation, nous avons Ć©tudiĆ©  son impact sur la croissance de la plante et sur les rendements du manioc. P. manihoti rĆ©duit la croissance des plants Ć  40%, la distance entrenoeuds  des tiges Ć  45%. Il diminue le nombre, la longueur et le diamĆØtre des tubercules ; respectivement pour le nombre de 7 Ć  4, de 34 Ć  9  cm pour la longueur et de 10 Ć  5 cm pour le diamĆØtre en moyenne. Lā€™action de la cochenille P. manihoti induit ainsi la dimunition de la croissance des  plants et la baisse des rendements du manioc au Gabon. Pour protĆ©ger le manioc contre la cochenille, nous pensons que lā€™utilisation des  techniques de lutte efficaces est indispensable. Elles pourraient mĆŖme ĆŖtre associĆ©es, dans le cadre dā€™une lutte intĆ©grĆ©e, excluant complĆØtement la  lutte chimique, Ć  lā€™origine de beaucoup de problĆØmes environnementaux. Les auteurs ont enfin attirĆ© lā€™attention des gouvernements africains sur la  nĆ©cessitĆ© de promouvoir les politiques de dĆ©veloppement agricole dans leurs pays. English title: Impact of the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (homoptera, pseudococcidae) on the yields of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Gabon The mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti is one of the causes in the drop of cassava yields in Gabon. Through the randomization, we have studied its  impact on the growth of the plant and on the yields of the cassava. P. manihoti reduces the growth of the plants to 40%, the interval among knots of  the stems to 45%. Its diminishes the number, the length and the diameter of the tubercules, respectively for the number of 7 to 4; of 34 to 9cm for  the length and for 10 to 5cm for the average diameter. Thus, the share of the mealybug P. manihoti induces the lessening of the growth of the plants  and the drop of the cassava yields in Gabon. For protect the cassava against the mealybug we think that the using of the efficient fight  techniques is indispensable. They must even be assoociated in integrated fight excuding completely the chemical fight which induces meny  environemental problems. At last the authors have attracted the car of the african governments abut the necessity to upgrade the agricultural  development politics in theirs contries.&nbsp

    ŠŸŠ¾Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ эффŠµŠŗтŠøŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø сŠøстŠµŠ¼Ń‹ рŠµŠ³ŠµŠ½ŠµŃ€Š°Ń†ŠøŠø ŠæŠ°Ń€Š¾Ń‚ŃƒŃ€Š±ŠøŠ½Š½Š¾Š¹ устŠ°Š½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø Š² ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ¼ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Š¼ рŠµŠ¶ŠøŠ¼Šµ

    Get PDF
    Š¦ŠµŠ»ŃŒ рŠ°Š±Š¾Ń‚Ń‹ ā€“ Š¾Ń†ŠµŠ½ŠŗŠ° Š²Š»ŠøяŠ½Šøя рŠµŠ³ŠµŠ½ŠµŃ€Š°Ń†ŠøŠø Š½Š° эффŠµŠŗтŠøŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒ турŠ±Š¾ŃƒŃŃ‚Š°Š½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø; Š¾ŠæрŠµŠ“ŠµŠ»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Š¾ŠæтŠøŠ¼Š°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Ń… ŠŗŠ¾ŃŃ„Ń„ŠøцŠøŠµŠ½Ń‚Š¾Š² рŠµŠ³ŠµŠ½ŠµŃ€Š°Ń†ŠøŠø ŠæрŠø рŠ°Š±Š¾Ń‚Šµ Š½Š° этŠøх рŠµŠ¶ŠøŠ¼Š°Ń…; рŠ°Š·Ń€Š°Š±Š¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ° тŠµŃ…Š½ŠøчŠµŃŠŗŠ¾Š³Š¾ ŠæрŠµŠ“Š»Š¾Š¶ŠµŠ½ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠ¾ ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµŠ½Šøю эффŠµŠŗтŠøŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø сŠøстŠµŠ¼Ń‹ рŠµŠ³ŠµŠ½ŠµŃ€Š°Ń†ŠøŠø турŠ±Š¾ŃƒŃŃ‚Š°Š½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø. Š’ рŠµŠ·ŃƒŠ»ŃŒŃ‚Š°Ń‚Šµ ŠøссŠ»ŠµŠ“Š¾Š²Š°Š½Šøя Š±Ń‹Š»Šø сŠ“ŠµŠ»Š°Š½Ń‹ сŠ»ŠµŠ“ующŠøŠµ Š²Ń‹Š²Š¾Š“ы: Š“Š»Ń ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµŠ½Šøя эффŠµŠŗтŠøŠ²Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚Šø рŠ°Š±Š¾Ń‚Ń‹ турŠ±Š¾ŃƒŃŃ‚Š°Š½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø Š²Š²Š¾Š“Šøтся Š“Š¾ŠæŠ¾Š»Š½ŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ Š½ŠµŃ€ŠµŠ³ŃƒŠ»ŠøруŠµŠ¼Ń‹Š¹ Š¾Ń‚Š±Š¾Ń€ ŠæŠ°Ń€Š° ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń‹ŃˆŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ Š“Š°Š²Š»ŠµŠ½Šøя. Š ŠµŠ·ŃƒŠ»ŃŒŃ‚Š°Ń‚Ń‹ рŠ°ŃŃ‡ŠµŃ‚Š° тŠµŠæŠ»Š¾Š²Š¾Š¹ схŠµŠ¼Ń‹ турŠ±Š¾ŃƒŃŃ‚Š°Š½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø сŠ²ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ‚ŠµŠ»ŃŒŃŃ‚Š²ŃƒŃŽŃ‚ Š¾ тŠ¾Š¼, чтŠ¾ ŠæŠ¾Š“ŠŗŠ»ŃŽŃ‡ŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ Š“Š¾ŠæŠ¾Š»Š½ŠøтŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š³Š¾ ŠŸŠ’Š” Š“Š°ŠµŃ‚ Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃŒŃˆŠøŠ¹ рŠ°ŃŃ…Š¾Š“ уŠ“ŠµŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š³Š¾ тŠ¾ŠæŠ»ŠøŠ²Š°.The aim of this work is the assessment of impact of regeneration on the efficiency of the turbine; determining the optimal coefficients of regeneration when working in these modes; development of technical proposals for improving the efficiency of the regeneration system of the turbine. In the result of the study made the following conclusions: to improve the efficiency of the turbine equipment introduces additional uncontrolled steam extraction high blood pressure. The results of the calculation of the thermal scheme of turbine indicate that adding the additional LDPE gives a smaller specific fuel consumption

    Š Š•Š—Š£Š›Š¬Š¢ŠŠ¢Š˜ ŠŸŠžŠ Š†Š’ŠŠÆŠ›Š¬ŠŠžŠ“Šž Š”ŠžŠ”Š›Š†Š”Š–Š•ŠŠŠÆ ŠŸŠžŠšŠŠ—ŠŠ˜ŠšŠ†Š’ ŠÆŠšŠžŠ”Š¢Š† Š”Š¢ŠžŠœŠŠ¢ŠžŠ›ŠžŠ“Š†Š§ŠŠžŠ‡ ŠžŠ”Š’Š†Š¢Š˜ ŠŠ ŠŸŠ†Š”Š›ŠÆŠ”Š˜ŠŸŠ›ŠžŠœŠŠžŠœŠ£ Š•Š¢ŠŠŸŠ† ŠŸŠ†Š”Š“ŠžŠ¢ŠžŠ’ŠšŠ˜ Š—Š Š”ŠŸŠ•Š¦Š†ŠŠ›Š¬ŠŠ†Š”Š¢Š® Ā«Š”Š¢ŠžŠœŠŠ¢ŠžŠ›ŠžŠ“Š†ŠÆĀ» (ŠŸŠ•Š Š’Š˜ŠŠŠ Š”ŠŸŠ•Š¦Š†ŠŠ›Š†Š—ŠŠ¦Š†ŠÆ Š¢Š ŠŸŠ•Š Š•Š”ŠŠ¢Š•Š”Š¢ŠŠ¦Š†Š™ŠŠ˜Š™ Š¦Š˜ŠšŠ›)

    Get PDF
    Purpose: to compare the results of quantitative and qualitative indicators of dental education of interns and students of the post-graduate education faculty of Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. Materials and methods. In a comparative study, 129 doctors-interns from the primary specialization cycle on the specialty ā€œStomatologyā€ and 113 doctors-listeners of the pre-certification cycle ā€œStomatologyā€ took part from the Western region. The study was carried out in the form of blank test using 80 test questions from the open booklet spring of 2016 ā€œKROK-3. Dentistryā€. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the computer program Statistica 10.0. Results. The greatest difference between the percentages of interns and doctors who listened successfully to individual subtasks was observed in testing for the subtest category P.8 ā€œInflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial areaĀ», in which the percentage of interns who made the subtest was 2.32 times higher than the corresponding the indicator among listeners (86.8Ā±1.45) % versus (39.7Ā±2.45) %, p <0.001), and the lowest (1.56 times) ā€“ when tested for the subtest category P.13 ā€œComplication that arise due to dental interventionsā€ (86.8Ā±1.38) % vs. (55.5Ā±2.53) %, p <0.001). The average percentage of the test for doctors with a work experience of up to 5 years was (50.36Ā±1.38) %. The lowest result was established by doctors-listeners with a work experience of 5ā€“10 years (32.69Ā±4.88) %. Concerning the difficulties that they encountered during the test, (96.5Ā±1.74) % (109 persons) of the interviewed doctors-listeners indicated that the most difficult was to distinguish answers to questions on the degree of their correctness. According to (84.1Ā±3.44) % of the respondents (95 people), they were not ready to be tested. Conclusions. A comparative study of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of dental education at the postgraduate stage of the training made it possible to find out the absence of the majority of dental doctors with experience of 16 years or more, the skills of this exam. There is a significant regress of the indicators of the preparation of this test among doctors-students with experience in the field of dentistry 5 years or more. Since preparation of doctors for appropriate postgraduate education courses requires a certain amount of time, we believe that in the next 5 years the level of complexity of the exam for practicing doctors should be simpler than ā€œKROK 3. Dentistryā€ for graduates of medical universities.ŠœŠµŃ‚Š°: ŠæŠ¾Ń€Ń–Š²Š½ŃŃ‚Šø рŠµŠ·ŃƒŠ»ŃŒŃ‚Š°Ń‚Šø ŠŗіŠ»ŃŒŠŗісŠ½Šøх тŠ° яŠŗісŠ½Šøх ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š½ŠøŠŗіŠ² стŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–чŠ½Š¾Ń— Š¾ŃŠ²Ń–Ń‚Šø Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-іŠ½Ń‚ŠµŃ€Š½Ń–Š² тŠ° сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² фŠ°ŠŗуŠ»ŃŒŃ‚ŠµŃ‚Ńƒ ŠæісŠ»ŃŠ“ŠøŠæŠ»Š¾Š¼Š½Š¾Ń— Š¾ŃŠ²Ń–Ń‚Šø Š›ŠŠœŠ£ іŠ¼ŠµŠ½Ń– Š”Š°Š½ŠøŠ»Š° Š“Š°Š»ŠøцьŠŗŠ¾Š³Š¾. ŠœŠ°Ń‚ŠµŃ€Ń–Š°Š»Šø і Š¼ŠµŃ‚Š¾Š“Šø. Š£ ŠæŠ¾Ń€Ń–Š²Š½ŃŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾Š¼Ńƒ Š“Š¾ŃŠ»Ń–Š“Š¶ŠµŠ½Š½Ń– Š²Š·ŃŠ»Šø учŠ°ŃŃ‚ŃŒ 129 Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-іŠ½Ń‚ŠµŃ€Š½Ń–Š² цŠøŠŗŠ»Ńƒ ŠæŠµŃ€Š²ŠøŠ½Š½Š¾Ń— сŠæŠµŃ†Ń–Š°Š»Ń–Š·Š°Ń†Ń–Ń— Š·Š° сŠæŠµŃ†Ń–Š°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń–стю Ā«Š”тŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–яĀ» тŠ° 113 Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“Š°Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚Š°Ń†Ń–Š¹Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ цŠøŠŗŠ»Ńƒ Ā«Š”тŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Ā­Š»Š¾Š³Ń–яĀ» Š—Š°Ń…Ń–Š“Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ рŠµŠ³Ń–Š¾Š½Ńƒ. Š”Š¾ŃŠ»Ń–Š“Š¶ŠµŠ½Š½Ń ŠæрŠ¾Š²Š¾Š“ŠøŠ»Šø у Š²ŠøŠ³Š»ŃŠ“і Š±Š»Š°Š½ŠŗŠ¾Š²Š¾Š³Š¾ тŠµŃŃ‚ŃƒŠ²Š°Š½Š½Ń Š· Š²ŠøŠŗŠ¾Ń€ŠøстŠ°Š½Š½ŃŠ¼ 80 Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚Š¾Š²Šøх ŠæŠøтŠ°Š½ŃŒ Š· Š²Ń–Š“ŠŗрŠøтŠ¾Š³Š¾ Š±ŃƒŠŗŠ»ŠµŃ‚Ńƒ Š²ŠµŃŠ½Š° 2016 Ā«ŠšŠ ŠžŠš-3. Š”тŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–яĀ». Š”тŠ°Ń‚ŠøстŠøчŠ½Ńƒ Š¾Š±Ń€Š¾Š±Šŗу Š¼Š°Ń‚ŠµŃ€Ń–Š°Š»Ń–Š² ŠæрŠ¾Š²Š¾Š“ŠøŠ»Šø Š·Š° Š“Š¾ŠæŠ¾Š¼Š¾Š³Š¾ŃŽ ŠŗŠ¾Š¼Šæā€™ŃŽŃ‚ŠµŃ€Š½Š¾Ń— ŠæрŠ¾Š³Ń€Š°Š¼Šø Statistica 10.0. Š ŠµŠ·ŃƒŠ»ŃŒŃ‚Š°Ń‚Šø. ŠŠ°Š¹Š±Ń–Š»ŃŒŃˆŃƒ ріŠ·Š½Šøцю Š¼Ń–Š¶ Š²Ń–Š“сŠ¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ°Š¼Šø іŠ½Ń‚ŠµŃ€Š½Ń–Š² тŠ° Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š², яŠŗі усŠæішŠ½Š¾ сŠŗŠ»Š°Š»Šø Š¾ŠŗрŠµŠ¼Ń– суŠ±Ā­Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚Šø, сŠæŠ¾ŃŃ‚ŠµŃ€Ń–Š³Š°Š»Šø ŠæрŠø тŠµŃŃ‚ŃƒŠ²Š°Š½Š½Ń– Š½Š° ŠŗŠ°Ń‚ŠµŠ³Š¾Ń€Ń–ŃŽ суŠ±Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚Ńƒ ŠŸ. 8 Ā«Š—Š°ŠæŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń– Š·Š°Ń…Š²Š¾Ń€ŃŽŠ²Š°Š½Š½Ń щŠµŠ»ŠµŠæŠ½Š¾-Š»ŠøцŠµŠ²Š¾Ń— Š“іŠ»ŃŠ½ŠŗŠøĀ», ŠæрŠø яŠŗіŠ¹ Š²Ń–Š“сŠ¾Ń‚Š¾Šŗ іŠ½Ń‚ŠµŃ€Š½Ń–Š², яŠŗі сŠŗŠ»Š°Š»Šø суŠ±Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚, у 2,32 рŠ°Š·Š° ŠæŠµŃ€ŠµŠ²ŠøщуŠ²Š°Š² Š²Ń–Š“ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń–Š“Š½ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š½ŠøŠŗ сŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“ Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² (86,8Ā±1,45 % ŠæрŠ¾Ń‚Šø 39,7Ā±2,45 %, р<0,001), Š° Š½Š°Š¹Š¼ŠµŠ½ŃˆŃƒ (1,56 рŠ°Š·Š°) ā”€ ŠæрŠø тŠµŃŃ‚ŃƒŠ²Š°Š½Š½Ń– Š½Š° ŠŗŠ°Ń‚ŠµŠ³Š¾Ń€Ń–ŃŽ суŠ±Ń‚ŠµŃŃ‚Ńƒ ŠŸ. 13 Ā«Š£ŃŠŗŠ»Š°Š“Š½ŠµŠ½Š½Ń, щŠ¾ Š²ŠøŠ½ŠøŠŗŠ°ŃŽŃ‚ŃŒ Š²Š½Š°ŃŠ»Ń–Š“Š¾Šŗ стŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–чŠ½Šøх Š²Ń‚Ń€ŃƒŃ‡Š°Š½ŃŒĀ» (86,8Ā±1,38 % ŠæрŠ¾Ń‚Šø 55,5Ā±2,53 %, р<0,001). Š”ŠµŃ€ŠµŠ“Š½Ń–Š¹ Š²Ń–Š“сŠ¾Ń‚ŠŗŠ¾Š²ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š½ŠøŠŗ тŠµŃŃ‚Ńƒ Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² іŠ· стŠ°Š¶ŠµŠ¼ рŠ¾Š±Š¾Ń‚Šø Š“Š¾ 5 рŠ¾ŠŗіŠ² стŠ°Š½Š¾Š²ŠøŠ² (50,36Ā±1,38) %. ŠŠ°Š¹Š½ŠøŠ¶Ń‡ŠøŠ¹ рŠµŠ·ŃƒŠ»ŃŒŃ‚Š°Ń‚ Š±ŃƒŠ² Š²ŃŃ‚Š°Š½Š¾Š²Š»ŠµŠ½ŠøŠ¹ у Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² Š·Ń– стŠ°Š¶ŠµŠ¼ рŠ¾Š±Š¾Ń‚Šø 5ā€“10 рŠ¾ŠŗіŠ² (32,69Ā±4,88) %. Š©Š¾Š“Š¾ труŠ“Š½Š¾Ń‰Ń–Š², яŠŗі Š²ŠøŠ½ŠøŠŗŠ°Š»Šø у Š½Šøх ŠæіŠ“ чŠ°Ń ŠæрŠ¾Ń…Š¾Š“Š¶ŠµŠ½Š½Ń тŠµŃŃ‚Ńƒ, тŠ¾ (96,5Ā±1,74) % Š¾ŠæŠøтŠ°Š½Šøх Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² (109 Š¾ŃŃ–Š±) Š²ŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Šø, щŠ¾ Š½Š°Š¹Š²Š°Š¶Ń‡Šµ Š±ŃƒŠ»Š¾ Š²Ń–Š“ріŠ·Š½ŠøтŠø Š²Ń–Š“ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń–Š“і Š½Š° Š·Š°ŠæŠøтŠ°Š½Š½Ń Š·Š° стуŠæŠµŠ½ŠµŠ¼ їх ŠæрŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»ŃŒŠ½Š¾ŃŃ‚Ń–. ŠŠ° Š“уŠ¼Šŗу (84,1Ā±3,44) % Š¾ŠæŠøтŠ°Š½Šøх (95 Š¾ŃŃ–Š±), Š²Š¾Š½Šø Š±ŃƒŠ»Šø Š½Šµ Š³Š¾Ń‚Š¾Š²Ń– Š“Š¾ тŠµŃŃ‚ŃƒŠ²Š°Š½Š½Ń. Š’ŠøсŠ½Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø. ŠŸŃ€Š¾Š²ŠµŠ“ŠµŠ½Šµ ŠæŠ¾Ń€Ń–Š²Š½ŃŠ»ŃŒŠ½Šµ Š“Š¾ŃŠ»Ń–Š“Š¶ŠµŠ½Š½Ń ŠŗіŠ»ŃŒŠŗісŠ½Šøх тŠ° яŠŗісŠ½Šøх ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š½ŠøŠŗіŠ² стŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–чŠ½Š¾Ń— Š¾ŃŠ²Ń–Ń‚Šø Š½Š° ŠæісŠ»ŃĀ­Ā­Š“ŠøŠæŠ»Š¾Š¼Š½Š¾Š¼Ńƒ ŠµŃ‚Š°Šæі ŠæіŠ“Š³Š¾Ń‚Š¾Š²ŠŗŠø Š“Š¾Š·Š²Š¾Š»ŠøŠ»Š¾ Š·ā€™ŃŃŃƒŠ²Š°Ń‚Šø Š²Ń–Š“сутŠ½Ń–ŃŃ‚ŃŒ у Š±Ń–Š»ŃŒŃˆŠ¾ŃŃ‚Ń– Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-стŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–Š² іŠ· стŠ°Š¶ŠµŠ¼ 16 Ń€Š¾ŠŗіŠ² і Š±Ń–Š»ŃŒŃˆŠµ Š½Š°Š²ŠøчŠ¾Šŗ іŠ· сŠŗŠ»Š°Š“Š°Š½Š½Ń цьŠ¾Š³Š¾ ісŠæŠøту. Š’стŠ°Š½Š¾Š²Š»ŠµŠ½Š¾ Š·Š½Š°Ń‡Š½ŠøŠ¹ рŠµŠ³Ń€ŠµŃ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š½ŠøŠŗіŠ² сŠŗŠ»Š°Š“Š°Š½Š½Ń цьŠ¾Š³Š¾ тŠµŃŃ‚Ńƒ Š² Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š²-сŠ»ŃƒŃ…Š°Ń‡Ń–Š² Š·Ń– стŠ°Š¶ŠµŠ¼ рŠ¾Š±Š¾Ń‚Šø 5 рŠ¾ŠŗіŠ² і Š±Ń–Š»ŃŒŃˆŠµ Š·Š° сŠæŠµŃ†Ń–Š°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń–стю Ā«Š”тŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–яĀ». ŠžŃŠŗіŠ»ŃŒŠŗŠø ŠæіŠ“Š³Š¾Ń‚Š¾Š²ŠŗŠ° Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š² Š½Š° Š²Ń–Š“ŠæŠ¾Š²Ń–Š“Š½Šøх ŠŗурсŠ°Ń… ŠæісŠ»ŃŠ“ŠøŠæŠ»Š¾Š¼Š½Š¾Ń— Š¾ŃŠ²Ń–Ń‚Šø ŠæŠ¾Ń‚Ń€ŠµŠ±ŃƒŃ” ŠæŠµŠ²Š½Š¾Š³Š¾ чŠ°ŃŃƒ, Š²Š²Š°Š¶Š°Ń”Š¼Š¾, щŠ¾ ŠæрŠ¾Ń‚яŠ³Š¾Š¼ Š½Š°Š¹Š±Š»ŠøŠ¶Ń‡Šøх 5 рŠ¾ŠŗіŠ² ріŠ²ŠµŠ½ŃŒ сŠŗŠ»Š°Š“Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚Ń– ісŠæŠøту Š“Š»Ń ŠæрŠ°ŠŗтŠøŠŗуючŠøх Š»Ń–ŠŗŠ°Ń€Ń–Š² ŠæŠ¾Š²ŠøŠ½ŠµŠ½ Š±ŃƒŃ‚Šø ŠæрŠ¾ŃŃ‚Ń–ŃˆŠøŠ¼, Š°Š½Ń–Š¶ Ā«ŠšŠ ŠžŠš-3. Š”тŠ¾Š¼Š°Ń‚Š¾Š»Š¾Š³Ń–яĀ» Š“Š»Ń Š²ŠøŠæусŠŗŠ½ŠøŠŗіŠ² Š²ŠøщŠøх Š½Š°Š²Ń‡Š°Š»ŃŒŠ½Šøх Š¼ŠµŠ“ŠøчŠ½Šøх Š·Š°ŠŗŠ»Š°Š“іŠ²

    Differential Base Stacking Interactions Induced by Trimethylene Interstrand DNA Cross-Links in the 5ā€²-CpG-3ā€² and 5ā€²-GpC-3ā€² Sequence Contexts

    Get PDF
    Synthetically derived trimethylene interstrand DNA cross-links have been used as surrogates for the native cross-links that arise from the 1,N 2-deoxyguanosine adducts derived from R,Ī²-unsaturated aldehydes. The native enal-mediated cross-linking occurs in the 5ā€²-CpG-3 ā€² sequence context but not in the 5ā€²-GpC-3 ā€² sequence context. The ability of the native enal-derived 1,N 2-dG adducts to induce interstrand DNA cross-links in the 5ā€²-CpG-3 ā€² sequence as opposed to the 5ā€²-GpC-3 ā€² sequence is attributed to the destabilization of the DNA duplex in the latter sequence context. Here, we report higher accuracy solution structures of the synthetically derived trimethylene cross-links, which are refined from NMR data with the AMBER force field. When the synthetic trimethylene cross-links are placed into either the 5ā€²-CpG-3ā€² or the 5ā€²-GpC-3 ā€² sequence contexts, the DNA duplex maintains B-DNA geometry with structural perturbations confined to the cross-linked base pairs. Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding is conserved throughout the duplexes. Although different from canonical B-DNA stacking, the cross-linked and the neighbor base pairs stack in the 5ā€²-CpG-3 ā€² sequence. In contrast, the stacking at the cross-linked base pairs in the 5ā€²-GpC-3 ā€² sequence is greatly perturbed. The Ļ€-stacking interactions between the crosslinked and the neighbor base pairs are reduced. This is consistent with remarkable chemical shift perturbations of the C 5 H5 and H6 nucleobase protons that shifted downfield by 0.4-0.5 ppm. In contrast
    • ā€¦
    corecore