Find a Reasonable Ending for Stories: Does Logic Relation Help the Story Cloze Test?

Natural language understanding is a challenging problem that covers a wide range of tasks. While previous methods generally train each task separately, we consider combining the cross-task features to enhance the task performance. In this paper, we incorporate the logic information with the help of the Natural Language Inference (NLI) task to the Story Cloze Test (SCT). Previous work on SCT considered various semantic information, such as sentiment and topic, but lack the logic information between sentences which is an essential element of stories. Thus we propose to extract the logic information during the course of the story to improve the understanding of the whole story. The logic information is modeled with the help of the NLI task. Experimental results prove the strength of the logic information.Comment: Student Abstract in AAAI-201

Evolutionary Expansion of Nematode-Specific Glycine-Rich Secreted Peptides

A genome‐wide survey across 10 species from algae Guillardia theta to mammals revealed that Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae acquired a large number of glycine‐rich secreted peptides (GRSPs, 110 GRSPs in C. elegans and 93 in C. briggsae) during evolution in this study. Chromosomal mapping indicated that most GRSPs were clustered on their genomes [103 (93.64%) in C. elegans and 82 (88.17%) in C. briggsae]. Totally, there are 18 GRSPs cluster units in C. elegans and 13 in C. briggsae. Except for four C. elegans where GRSP clusters lacking matching clusters in C. briggsae, all other GRSP clusters had its corresponding orthologous clusters between the two nematodes. Using eight transcriptomic datasets of Affmyetrix microarray, genome‐wide association studies identified many co‐expressed GRSPs clusters after C. elegans infections. Highly homologous coding sequences and conserved exon‐intron organizations indicated that GRSP tight clusters might have originated from local DNA duplications. The conserved synteny blocks of GRSP clusters between their genomes, the co‐expressed GRSPs clusters after C. elegans infections, and a strong purifying selection of protein‐coding sequences suggested evolutionary constraint acting on C. elegans to ensure that C. elegans could rapidly launch and fulfill systematic responses against infections by co‐expression, co‐regulation, and co‐functionality of GRSP clusters

Transparent and conducting boron doped ZnO thin films grown by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Boron doped zinc oxide thin films via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition with resisitivities as low as 5.1 × 10−3 Ω cm

Small scale mechanical testing of nanoporous tungsten tailored by reverse phase dissolution

Nanoporous metals possess a number of positive attributes such as light weight, large surface area, excellent thermal properties, and energy absorption capability, making them a good candidate as future radiation shielding materials [1]. Tungsten seems to be ideally suited as the base material for such a foam, as it is commonly used in nuclear facilities, medical diagnosis systems and a number of other circumstances in order to protect personnel and sensitive equipment from radiation [2]. Therefore, it is of great value and interest to tailor such novel nanoporous tungsten, in order to combine the beneficial properties of tungsten with the positive attributes of nanoporous foams. In this work, nanoporous tungsten foams with relative densities ranging from 20 to 50 % were created on a bulk scale through a unique route involving severe plastic deformation of a coarse-grained tungsten-copper composite, followed by the selective dissolution of the nobler copper phase. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were utilized for characterizing the microstructural evolution and analyzing the way the etching solutions affect the resulting nanoporous structures. The mechanical properties, which are an important consideration in fusion reactor applications, were investigated by employing nanoindentation and other small-scale testing techniques in situ in the SEM. Based on this, the elemental plasticity mechanisms governing the mechanical behavior were elucidated. This work for the first time provides an innovative and adaptive approach to create bulk nanoporous tungsten. The developed reverse phase dissolution method is generally applicable and can be transferred to other refractory metal materials in the future. The promising mechanical results of nanoporous tungsten will serve as foundation for forthcoming related scientific studies and engineering applications. [1] S. Xu. M. Bourham, A. Rabiei. A novel ultra-light structure for radiation shielding. Materials & Design. 31 (2010), 2140-2146. [2] S. Kobayashi, N. Hosoda, R. Takashima. W alloys as radiation protection materials. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 390 (1997), 426-430

Optical biopsy identification and grading of gliomas using label-free visible resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Glioma is one of the most refractory types of brain tumor. Accurate tumor boundary identification and complete resection of the tumor are essential for glioma removal during brain surgery. We present a method based on visible resonance Raman (VRR) spectroscopy to identify glioma margins and grades. A set of diagnostic spectral biomarkers features are presented based on tissue composition changes revealed by VRR. The Raman spectra include molecular vibrational fingerprints of carotenoids, tryptophan, amide I/II/III, proteins, and lipids. These basic in situ spectral biomarkers are used to identify the tissue from the interface between brain cancer and normal tissue and to evaluate glioma grades. The VRR spectra are also analyzed using principal component analysis for dimension reduction and feature detection and support vector machine for classification. The cross-validated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are found to be 100%, 96.3%, and 99.6% to distinguish glioma tissues from normal brain tissues, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the classification is about 1.0. The accuracies to distinguish normal, low grade (grades I and II), and high grade (grades III and IV) gliomas are found to be 96.3%, 53.7%, and 84.1% for the three groups, respectively, along with a total accuracy of 75.1%. A set of criteria for differentiating normal human brain tissues from normal control tissues is proposed and used to identify brain cancer margins, yielding a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 71%. Our study demonstrates the potential of VRR as a label-free optical molecular histopathology method used for in situ boundary line judgment for brain surgery in the margins

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct chondrocyte states in femoral cartilage under weight-bearing load in Rheumatoid arthritis

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune joint disease, the pathogenesis of which is still unclear. Cartilage damage is one of the main manifestations of the disease. Chondrocytes are the main functional component of articular cartilage, which is relevant to disease progression. Mechanical loading affects the structure and function of articular cartilage and chondrocytes, but the effect of weight bearing on chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis is still unclear.MethodsIn this paper, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on collected cartilage from the weight-bearing region (Fb group) and non-weight-bearing region (Fnb group) of the femur, and the differences between the Fb and Fnb groups were analyzed by cell type annotation, pseudotime analysis, enrichment analysis, cell interactions, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) for each cell type. ResultsA total of 87,542 cells were analyzed and divided into 9 clusters. Six chondrocyte subpopulations were finally identified by cellular annotation, and two new chondrocyte subtypes were annotated as immune-associated chondrocytes. The presence of each chondrocyte subpopulation and its distribution were verified using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). In this study, the atlas of femoral cartilage in knee rheumatoid arthritis and 2 new immune-related chondrocytes were validated using scRNA-seq and IHC, and chondrocytes in the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions of the femur were compared. There might be a process of macrophage polarization transition in MCs in response to mechanical loading, as in macrophages.ConclusionTwo new immune-associated chondrocytes were identified. MCs have contrasting functions in different regions, which might provide insight into the role of immune and mechanical loading on chondrocytes in the development of knee rheumatoid osteoarthritis