A First Exploration of China\u27s Antitrust Regulations: A Discussion of the Creative Function of the People\u27s Bank of China (Chinese)

The People\u27s Bank of China (PBC) has enhanced its macroeconomic status after spinning-off functions and restructuring, but faces two challenges from the monetary policy attenuation and the functional innovation. Against the background of the PBC President Zhou Xiao Chuan\u27s call for building financial ecology, beginning with China\u27s antitrust legislation, by demonstrating Chinese monetary enforcement and its transmission, this dissertation cross-analyzes economics and jurisprudence, and consequently concludes the necessity for PBC to withhold the Financial Antitrust

A First Exploration of China\u27s Antitrust Regulations: A Discussion of the Creative Function of the People\u27s Bank of China (Chinese)

The People\u27s Bank of China (PBC) has enhanced its macroeconomic status after spinning-off functions and restructuring, but faces two challenges from the monetary policy attenuation and the functional innovation. Against the background of the PBC President Zhou Xiao Chuan\u27s call for building financial ecology, beginning with China\u27s antitrust legislation, by demonstrating Chinese monetary enforcement and its transmission, this dissertation cross-analyzes economics and jurisprudence, and consequently concludes the necessity for PBC to withhold the Financial Antitrust

Testing Operating Performance of Chinese Listed Firms before and after Cross-border M&As: The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation

t a time when China encourages its firms to go overseas, especially to countries and regions involved in its “Belt and Road Initiative”, and sets up a favorable domestic environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, this paper is a first trial looking along both the two dimensions to test whether Chinese firms' operating performance changes after cross-border merger and acquisition (CBM&A) activities, using entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a moderating factor. The paper combines data from Chinese listed firms’ annual reports, Chinese stock market financial statements database and the Zephyr database from 2001 to 2015 to examine how acquirers’ operating performance changes after CBM&A activities using EO as a moderating factor. In order to test whether the results are affected by the stock market, this paper also defines abnormal return on equity (ROE) to detect abnormal operating performance. After these, the paper divides the sample into separate industry groups to see whether results will change. The results obtained for the whole sample show that the performance of Chinese listed firms is fluctuant after CBM&As within the sample years. It increases one year after the acquisition but drops two years later and then follows an increasing trend again. The moderating factor of EO is not significant for the sample as a whole. However, after dividing the sample into separate industry groups, it becomes clear that different industries have their own characteristics. EO helps Chinese listed firms to adjust to the post-acquisition situation and even to improve their performance to some extent in the metal mining industry and the business services industry. When ROE is substituted with abnormal ROE, the results do not change much

Network meta-analysis of migraine disorder treatment by NSAIDs and triptans

Node splitting of direct and indirect comparisons according to type of interventions for rescue medication and recurrence. (EPS 1963 kb

Fabrication of Asymmetric Polysaccharide Composite Membranes as Guided Bone Regeneration Materials

Periodontal regeneration can be achieved by guided tissue and guided bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) membranes, which act as a physical barrier to exclude migration of connective and epithelium, favoring the repopulation of periodontal ligament cells. Asymmetric polysaccharide GBR membranes with two different surfaces were developed in this study. Positive chitosan (CS), negative hyluronaic acid (HA) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) were composited by electrostatic interaction, forming smooth and dense membranes as upper surface to inhibit the ingrowth of cells from gingiva. The lower porous and coarse surface was obtained by gel freeze-drying and mineralization to improve the regeneration of the bone tissue. The performance of the membranes was characterized by Infrared Radiation (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile strength and biological evaluation. It was found that the composite membranes with chitosan content of 56.7 wt%in the dry state possess the highest tensile strength, with elongation 10 times more higher than that of the pure CS ones. Additionaly, open pores with diameter of 10-100 µm and homogenouse distributed nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP) were investigated on the coarse part. Cell studies demonstrated that the porous surface promoted the growth of the preosteoblast. Overall, the composite membranes may be useful for regeneration of periodontal regeneration

Plant Functional Traits Are the Mediators in Regulating Effects of Abiotic Site Conditions on Aboveground Carbon Stock-Evidence From a 30 ha Tropical Forest Plot

Understanding the relative contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to the formation of ecosystem functioning across scales is vital to evaluate ecosystem services. Here, we elucidate the effects of abiotic site conditions (i.e., soil and topographic properties) and plant functional traits on variations of stand aboveground carbon (AGC) stock in an old-growth tropical montane rain forest. The response-effect framework in functional ecology is adopted in examining how plant functional traits respond to environmental changes and affect ecosystem functioning. We measured specific leaf area and wood density of 270 woody plant species and estimated stand AGC stocks in a 30-ha forest plot. The relationships among environmental factors (ENVIRONMENT), community-weighted means of functional traits (TRAITS) and stand AGC stocks across nested spatial scales were disentangled by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the stands composed of ‘acquisitive’ species (high specific leaf area and low wood density) had low AGC, whereas stands composed of ‘conservative’ species (low specific leaf area and high wood density) had high AGC. TRAITS responded to ENVIRONMENT and affected AGC directly. ENVIRONMENT had an indirect effect on AGC through its direct effect on TRAITS. TRAITS were more important than ENVIRONMENT in driving variations of AGC. The effects of TRAITS on AGC increased, while the effects of ENVIRONMENT on AGC decreased with the increase of spatial scales in the tropical montane rain forest. Our study suggests that plant functional traits are the mediators in regulating effects of abiotic site conditions on ecosystem functions

Red Aesthetics, Intermediality and the Use of Posters in Chinese Cinema after 1949

Abstract: This article focuses on the aesthetic and affective techniques of saturation through which posters legitimated the Party-State in Mao’s China by closing the gap between everyday experience and political ideology. Propaganda posters were designed to put into practice the principle of unity, as conceptua- lised by Mao Zedong. The argument posits that while the “poster” is normally a printed edition of a painting or design intended for mass distribution in this way, the term may fairly be deployed to capture other cultural objects that function as “posters”, in that they provide public, political information that expresses or con- structs a political self in aesthetic form. This approach requires a metonymic understanding of a visual field in which cultural objects are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. The essay draws on recent in-depth interviews with poster artists of the 1960s and 1970s

Sub-group formation and the adoption of the alternate wetting and drying irrigation method for rice in China

Using group-level and household-level data collected in 2006-2007 in two districts in Hubei Province of China, we investigate social capital and water source variables and assess the factors influencing the formation of a sub-group, which is a sub-set of the original water user group (WUG). We use a probit model and regression analysis to examine the impact of sub-group formation on the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Results show that when social capital is strong, farmers tend not to form sub-groups because strong social capital can prevent overuse of water. However, when social capital in a group is weak, farmers need to avoid overuse of water by forming a sub-group. Therefore, if farmers in the group of weak social capital are physically constrained and thus fail to form a sub-group, overuse of water is more likely. Such failure occurs when the existence of many water sources physically prevents farmers from forming a sub-group. We also found that when social capital is strong, farmers adopt the AWD practice even without forming a sub-group.Social capital Water user group (WUG) Water use efficiency

Developing Rural Cooperative Finance with Reference to Experience of Foreign Countries

At present, rural credit cooperative is an essential part of rural financial system in China. Since the foundation of new China, especially since the reform and opening-up, rural credit cooperative has become the largest financial organization in rural areas. However, its operation mode needs further improvement and service functions are to be strengthened. Therefore, learning successful mode of rural cooperative finance in foreign countries has important theoretical and realistic significance for promoting development of China’s rural cooperative finance

Noise Immunity Analysis and Improvement of dq Frame Based Open-Loop Phase Detection Scheme

To improve the noise immunity of a dq frame based open-loop phase detection (OPD) under high-frequency noise grid conditions, this paper develops a detailed model to quantitatively evaluate the phase detection error and noise immunity. It is found that the OPD behaves differently in terms of noise immunity when the dq frame is in different angle positions with the grid voltage. When the grid voltage coincides with the d axis, the high-frequency noise has the smallest impact on the phase detection accuracy, and the OPD thus has the strongest noise immunity. Inspired by this conclusion, an improved OPD algorithm is proposed in this paper, which can effectively reduce the phase detection error by fine-tuning the rotation angle of the dq frame to ensure that the angle between the voltage vector and d axis is always close to 0. The improved OPD algorithm has a fast and precise character to detect the phase information with less error and is flexible for application. Under heavy noise grid conditions, it can also effectively shorten the dynamic response time in the phase-detecting process using a low-pass filter (LPF) with a higher cut-off frequency. The correctness of the noise immunity analysis and the effectiveness of the improved OPD algorithm are verified by the simulations and experimental results in MATLAB and RT-LAB