A specific type of cyclin-like F-box domain gene is involved in the cryogenic autolysis of \u3ci\u3eVolvariella volvacea\u3c/i\u3e

Cryogenic autolysis is a typical phenomenon of abnormal metabolism in Volvariella volvacea. Recent studies have identified 20 significantly upregulated genes via high-throughput sequencing of the mRNAs expressed in the mycelia of V. volvacea after cold exposure. Among these significantly upregulated genes, 15 annotated genes were used for functional annotation cluster analysis. Our results showed that the cyclin-like F-box domain (FBDC) formed the functional cluster with the lowest P-value. We also observed a significant expansion of FBDC families in V. volvacea. Among these, the FBDC3 family displayed the maximal gene expansion in V. volvacea. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed only one FBDC gene in V. volvacea (FBDV1) that was significantly up-regulated, which is located in the FBDC3 family. Comparative genomics analysis revealed the homologous sequences of FBDV1 with high similarity were clustered on the same scaffold. However, FBDV1 was located far from these clusters, indicating the divergence of duplicated genes. Relative time estimation and rate test provided evidence for the divergence of FBDV1 after recent duplications. Real-time RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the FBDV1 was significantly up-regulated (P , 0.001) after cold-treatment of V. volvacea for 4 h. These observations suggest that the FBDV1 is involved in the cryogenic autolysis of V. volvacea

(E)-4-tert-Butyl-2-(2,6-diisopropyl­phenyl­imino­meth­yl)-6-(morpholinometh­yl)phenol

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C28H40N2O2, the tert-butyl group is disordered over two positions; site-occupation factors were kept fixed at 0.5. The morpholine ring has a chair conformation. Intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding results in the formation of a planar six-membered ring, which is oriented at a dihedral angle of 0.70 (3)° with respect to the adjacent aromatic ring. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 67.66 (3)°

Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy­phen­yl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate monohydrate

In the organic mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H16N2O3S·H2O, the two rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 84.31 (2)°. In the crystal structure, intra­molecular O—H⋯O and inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯S and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds are found

ADEPT: Automatic Differentiable DEsign of Photonic Tensor Cores

Photonic tensor cores (PTCs) are essential building blocks for optical artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators based on programmable photonic integrated circuits. PTCs can achieve ultra-fast and efficient tensor operations for neural network (NN) acceleration. Current PTC designs are either manually constructed or based on matrix decomposition theory, which lacks the adaptability to meet various hardware constraints and device specifications. To our best knowledge, automatic PTC design methodology is still unexplored. It will be promising to move beyond the manual design paradigm and "nurture" photonic neurocomputing with AI and design automation. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, we propose a fully differentiable framework, dubbed ADEPT, that can efficiently search PTC designs adaptive to various circuit footprint constraints and foundry PDKs. Extensive experiments show superior flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed ADEPT framework to explore a large PTC design space. On various NN models and benchmarks, our searched PTC topology outperforms prior manually-designed structures with competitive matrix representability, 2-30x higher footprint compactness, and better noise robustness, demonstrating a new paradigm in photonic neural chip design. The code of ADEPT is available at https://github.com/JeremieMelo/ADEPT using the https://github.com/JeremieMelo/pytorch-onn (TorchONN) library.Comment: Accepted to ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), 202

Influence of body composition assessment with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in cancer patients undergoing surgery

BackgroundMalnutrition is common in patients undergoing surgery for cancers and is a risk factor for postoperative outcomes. Body composition provides information for precise nutrition intervention in perioperative period for improving patients’ postoperative outcomes.ObjectionThe aim was to determine changes in parameters of body composition and nutritional status of cancer patients during perioperative period.MethodsA total of 92 patients diagnosed with cancer were divided into gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancer group according to different cancer types. The patients body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) on the day before surgery, postoperative day 1 and 1 day before discharge. The changes between two groups were compared and the correlation between body composition and preoperative serum nutritional indexes was analyzed.ResultsThe nutritional status of all patients become worse after surgery, and phase angle (PA) continued to decrease in the perioperative period. Fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW), hydration, and body cell mass (BCM) rise slightly and then fall in the postoperative period in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and had a sustained increase in non-gastrointestinal patients, respectively (P<0.05). Postoperative body composition changes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer are related to preoperative albumin, pre-albumin, hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein (P<0.05), whereas postoperative body composition changes in patients with non-gastrointestinal cancer are related to age (P<0.05).ConclusionsSignificant changes in body composition both in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and non-gastrointestinal cancer during perioperative period are observed. Changes in body composition for the cancer patients who undergoing surgery are related to age and preoperative serum nutrition index

From cropland to cropped field: A robust algorithm for national-scale mapping by fusing time series of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2

Detailed and updated maps of actively cropped fields on a national scale are vital for global food security. Unfortunately, this information is not provided in existing land cover datasets, especially lacking in smallholder farmer systems. Mapping national-scale cropped fields remains challenging due to the spectral confusion with abandoned vegetated land, and their high heterogeneity over large areas. This study proposed a large-area mapping framework for automatically identifying actively cropped fields by fusing Vegetation-Soil-Pigment indices and Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) time-series images (VSPS). Three temporal indicators were proposed and highlighted cropped fields by consistently higher values due to cropping activities. The proposed VSPS algorithm was exploited for national-scale mapping in China without regional adjustments using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 images. Agriculture in China illustrated great heterogeneity and has experienced tremendous changes such as non-grain orientation and cropland abandonment. Yet, little is known about the locations and extents of cropped fields cultivated with field crops on a national scale. Here, we produced the first national-scale 20 m updated map of cropped and fallow/abandoned land in China and found that 77 % of national cropland (151.23 million hectares) was actively cropped in 2020. We found that fallow/abandoned cropland in mountainous and hilly regions were far more than we expected, which was significantly underestimated by the commonly applied VImax-based approach based on the MODIS images. The VSPS method illustrates robust generalization capabilities, which obtained an overall accuracy of 94 % based on 4,934 widely spread reference sites. The proposed mapping framework is capable of detecting cropped fields with a full consideration of a high diversity of cropping systems and complexity of fallow/abandoned cropland. The processing codes on Google Earth Engine were provided and hoped to stimulate operational agricultural mapping on cropped fields with finer resolution from the national to the global scale

Synaptic Targeting and Function of SAPAPs Mediated by Phosphorylation-Dependent Binding to PSD-95 MAGUKs

The PSD-95/SAPAP/Shank complex functions as the major scaffold in orchestrating the formation and plasticity of the post-synaptic densities (PSDs). We previously demonstrated that the exquisitely specific SAPAP/Shank interaction is critical for Shank synaptic targeting and Shank-mediated synaptogenesis. Here, we show that the PSD-95/SAPAP interaction, SAPAP synaptic targeting, and SAPAP-mediated synaptogenesis require phosphorylation of the N-terminal repeat sequences of SAPAPs. The atomic structure of the PSD-95 guanylate kinase (GK) in complex with a phosphor-SAPAP repeat peptide, together with biochemical studies, reveals the molecular mechanism underlying the phosphorylation-dependent PSD-95/SAPAP interaction, and it also provides an explanation of a PSD-95 mutation found in patients with intellectual disabilities. Guided by the structural data, we developed potent non-phosphorylated GK inhibitory peptides capable of blocking the PSD-95/SAPAP interaction and interfering with PSD-95/SAPAP-mediated synaptic maturation and strength. These peptides are genetically encodable for investigating the functions of the PSD-95/SAPAP interaction in vivo. Using structural biology, cell biology, and electrophysiology approaches, Zhu et al. demonstrate that phosphorylation of the N-terminal repeating sequences of SAPAPs is required for the SAPAP/PSD-95 complex formation and SAPAP's synaptic targeting and maturation functions. They also developed a potent non-phosphorylated PSD-95 GK inhibitory peptide that can effectively disrupt the SAPAP/PSD-95 complex formation and thus inhibit excitatory synaptic activities. Keywords: GK domain; PSD-95; SAPAP; MAGUK; postsynaptic density; synaptic scaffold proteins; synaptogenesis; synaptic plasticit