Design and Implementation of a Feasible Model for the IoT Based Ubiquitous Healthcare Monitoring System fot Rural and Urban Areas

The Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time health monitoring system has contributed towards a brilliant human welfare both in urban and rural areas. Many of such solutions are not well applicable in developing countries like Bangladesh due to lack of uninterrupted communication system. In this paper, we present an IoT-based real-time health monitoring system that can measure, monitor and report people's health condition online and offline from anywhere. Our proposed IoT based solution is capable to transmit the sensitive health information to medical centres and caregivers in real time. The proposed system has been designed with Arduino UNO, Nodemcu, and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) modules to measure body temperature, pulse rate, Oxygen saturation, room temperature, and air quality in a smart home setting. The system can also provide the patient's historical health records. Our implementation was tested on some test cases which works excellent with accuracy. The proposed system has high potentiality for the rural and urban areas in developing countries.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari and Dr. Farhad Arpanaei acknowledge support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. Also, this work was supported, in part, by Project RTI2018-095499-B-C31, funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), in part, by a Foreign Expert Exchange Project from the Minister of Science and Technology (grant no.: G2021171024L) and in part, by Project PCNNo.IC20201325, funded by Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information & Statistics (BANBEIS), Ministry of Education, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Coherent optical wireless communications over atmospheric turbulence channels

Recent advances in free-space optics have made outdoor optical wireless communication (OWC) an attractive solution to the “last-mile” problem of broadband access networks. Significant chal- lenges can, however, arise for OWC links with increased levels of atmospheric turbulence from time-varying temperatures and pressures. As a promising alternative to the current generation of on-off keying (OOK) direct detection based OWC system, the coherent OWC system is studied in this thesis for a variety of turbulence conditions. Since coherent OWC system performance is found to be impaired severely under strong turbulence conditions, spatial diversity techniques, e.g., maximum ratio combining (MRC), equal gain combining (EGC), and selection combining (SC), are adopted to overcome turbulence impacts. The results are then generalized to Gamma-Gamma turbulence for MRC and EGC with perfect channel or phase estimation. The impacts of phase noise compensation error on coherent OWC system performance are investigated, and it is found that such impacts can be small when the standard deviation of the phase noise compensation error is kept below twenty degrees. A postdetection EGC scheme using differential phase-shift keying (PSK) is proposed and is shown to be a viable alternative to overcome phase noise impacts. The subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) based OWC system has been proposed as another alternative to the OOK system. With a unified average signal-to-noise ratio definition, system per- formance is compared for coherent and SIM links over the Gamma-Gamma turbulence channels. Closed-form error rate expressions are derived for coherent and SIM systems using MRC, EGC and SC schemes. It is found that the coherent systems outperform the SIM systems significantly. The benefits of coherent systems come chiefly from the large local oscillator power which eliminates the effects of the thermal and ambient noises that dominate in SIM systems.Applied Science, Faculty ofEngineering, School of (Okanagan)Graduat

Advanced Electronic Circuits - Principles, Architectures and Applications on Emerging Technologies

This research book volume offers an important learning opportunity with insights into a variety of emerging electronic circuit aspects, such as new materials, energy harvesting architectures, and compressive sensing technique. Advanced circuit technologies are extremely powerful and developed rapidly. They change industry. They change lives. And we know they can change the world. The exhibition on these new and exciting topics will benefit readers in related fields

Vehicle-To-Anything: The Trend of Internet of Vehicles in Future Smart Cities

This chapter includes five parts—the concept of vehicle-to-anything (V2X), introduction of visible light communication (VLC), free-space optical communication (FSO), and terahertz (THz). The first part will present the concept of V2X. V2X is the basis and fundamental technology of future smart cars, autonomous driving, and smart transportation systems. Vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-people (V2P) are included in V2X. V2X will lead to a high degree of interconnection of vehicles. The concept of VLC is presented in the second part. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) for nano-optics and FSO communication is introduced in the third part. At the same time, IRS keeps pace with the phase in communication links. Prospects of THz in glamorous cities are introduced in the fourth part. These new technologies will lead to trends in the future. A comparison of optical communication technology and applications in V2X is described in the fifth part

Precise exploration technology of room pillar goaf in Shenfu Mining Area

In order to solve the problem of insufficient precision and ability of conventional exploration technology on the boundary of room pillar goaf, specific mining parameters, roof and surrounding rock stability and other factors, in this paper, the formation and occurrence characteristics of room and pillar goaf in Shenfu Mining Area are investigated in detail, and then the distribution range of room and pillar goaf is delineated by using ground geophysical fine imaging technology, and the target area is provided by the first borehole to guide drilling to quickly expose the goaf. Through high-precision hole peeping and 3D laser scanning technology, the accurate exploration of room pillar goaf in coal mine can be realized by continuous tracking. The advantage of this method is that it integrates the respective advantages of ground and borehole exploration technology through the surface geophysical fine imaging technology to guide drilling to quickly expose the room and pillar goaf, and the high-precision borehole scanning technology is used to realize the high-precision exploration of the room and pillar goaf boundary, specific mining parameters, roof and surrounding rock stability, and water accumulation conditions. At the same time, the drilling layout basis is sufficient, there is no invalid workload, saving the drilling quantity and drilling cost

Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries via an EIS based deep learning approach

Reliable life prediction technology is of great significance in ensuring a safe and efficient lifetime of lithium batteries. However, the traditional health factors such as battery capacity are the effects of battery aging rather than the direct causes, which cannot directly reflect the internal degradation mechanism information of the battery, and the prediction accuracy is easily affected by the working environment of the battery. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data can more directly reflect the internal mechanism information of the battery, which includes a wealth of battery aging information. In order to deeply investigate the mapping relationship between impedance spectrum and remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium batteries, EIS method is employed to obtain the impedance and phase of lithium batteries under different health states and temperatures, as well as explore the visualization and quantification of impedance frequency response of lithium battery. Furthermore, the mapping relationship between RUL and the lithium battery impedance is investigated in a full impedance spectrum at different temperatures. It is found that, as lithium battery aging, its negative imaginary parts impedance increases significantly, especially in the middle of the frequency band, and has no significant dependence on temperature. While the real part impedance shows an obvious dependence on temperature. Therefore, it is found that the negative imaginary parts impedance of impedance spectrum has a well-fit characterization ability for RUL of a lithium battery. In this paper, a fusion neural network model of Conv1d-SAM (one-dimensional convolutional neural network-self-attention mechanism) was established with negative imaginary part impedance as input factor to predict battery RUL. The predicted results show that Conv1d-SAM has improved accuracy and stability in RUL prediction, and the mean absolute error function of the proposed model is increased by 72% compared with the latest published method