Facilitated transport ceramic membranes for high temperature gas cleanup

The H{sub 2}S flux through a molten carbonate/ceramic membrane is expected to depend on the extent of the reaction of H{sub 2}S with the molten carbonate, that is, the equilibrium constant and K{sub l} for reaction (1). Values of K{sub 1} can be obtained by absorption experiments in which molten carbonate mixtures are exposed to gas mixtures containing H{sub 2}S and other IGCC gases. The details of such experiments and the apparatus used have been described previously. For the carbonate mixture described above and a feed gas mixture containing 10.7% H{sub 2}S, 6.4% CO{sub 2}, 81.1% CH{sub 4} and 1.8% H{sub 2}, a value of K{sub l} of 0.24 atm was obtained at 560{degrees}C. This value is reasonable when compared to the literature value of 1.7 atm at 750{degrees}C. Subsequent attempts to reproduce this result were unsuccessful. Aluminum nitride and lithium aluminate were determined to be the best choices for further development as ceramic membrane supports based on results from a series of initial screening experiments which were previously described. These experiments indicated that A1N and LiAlO{sub 2} were the ceramic materials with the best chemical stability in the presence of the molten alkali carbonate mixtures. Wetting studies were used to determine the desired microstructures for salt containment. This was particularly true in the case of A1N. It was not possible to obtain or fabricate dense samples of LiAlO{sub 2} for use in wetting studies; however, it is known that LiAlO{sub 2} is wet by the salt compositions of interest The capillary force equation (equation 2) was used to estimate, the maximum pressure differential that the membrane could sustain without loss of the salt

Experimental Observations of Frictional Heating in Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65540/1/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04162.x.pd

Origin of Hysteresis Observed During Fatigue of Ceramic-Matrix Composites

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66076/1/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05239.x.pd

Europe - a default or a dream? European identity formation among Bulgarian and English children

This is the authors' accepted version of an article published in Ethnicities, 2014. http://online.sagepub.com/10.1177/1468796812465722This article examines the formation of European identity among children in two very different countries: the traditionally Eurosceptic United Kingdom and the enthusiastic EU newcomer, Bulgaria. The paper revisits existing debates about the relationships between European identity, knowledge and the political and historical context, paying particular attention to the meanings attached to Europe. It demonstrates that children who identify as European are more likely to see Europe in geographic terms, which facilitates the perception of the European identity as ‘default’. In contrast, children who refuse to describe themselves as European see Europe as an exclusive political entity, associated with high standards and distant elites. These perceptions are significantly more common among Bulgarian children, who often depict Europe as a dream, and perceive the European identity as an ideal they aspire to reach. The article also shows how ethnicity and the images of Europe influence the relationship between national and European identities

Frequency Dependence of Fatigue Life and Internal Heating of a Fiber-Reinforced/Ceramic-Matrix Composite

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65943/1/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04587.x.pd

Influence of Stress Ratio on the Elevated-Temperature Fatigue of a Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Nitride Composite

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65470/1/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07152.x.pd

Frictional heating in a unidirectional fibre-reinforced ceramic composite

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43020/1/10855_2004_Article_BF00720776.pd