Nonsilicate minerals

vii, 237 p. : 1 ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-237) and index."Palache, Berman, and Frondel published two volumes of the seventh edition of James Dwight Dana's System of Mineralogy in 1944 and 1951. As with the sixth edition published in 1892, the seventh edition soon became the recognized authority in mineralogy. Greatly improved analytical techniques, crystal structure analysis, and other new technologies have led to a great increase in the number of new species and to the improvement of the data for older species. Over 400 new nonsilicate species have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names in the last eight years. For comparison, the seventh edition of Dana's System assigned classification numbers to 1043 accepted species, and briefly described another 227 poorly defined species. Of this total 69 have been discredited and 158 have been redefined. There have been over 1200 new nonsilicate species described in the last 30 years, and the growth continues. Obviously, with the number of nonsilicate species more than doubled since 1951, an updated classification is required. The preparation of this volume began in 1977, when a revised classification of the known phosphate, arsenate and vanadate minerals was prepared and privately circulated. This wa received favorably, so a revised classification of all nonsilicate minerals was undertaken; the results are given here"--P. v

Probing magnetic ordering in air stable iron-rich van der Waals minerals

In the rapidly expanding field of two-dimensional materials, magnetic monolayers show great promise for the future applications in nanoelectronics, data storage, and sensing. The research in intrinsically magnetic two-dimensional materials mainly focuses on synthetic iodide and telluride based compounds, which inherently suffer from the lack of ambient stability. So far, naturally occurring layered magnetic materials have been vastly overlooked. These minerals offer a unique opportunity to explore air-stable complex layered systems with high concentration of local moment bearing ions. We demonstrate magnetic ordering in iron-rich two-dimensional phyllosilicates, focusing on mineral species of minnesotaite, annite, and biotite. These are naturally occurring van der Waals magnetic materials which integrate local moment baring ions of iron via magnesium/aluminium substitution in their octahedral sites. Due to self-inherent capping by silicate/aluminate tetrahedral groups, ultra-thin layers are air-stable. Chemical characterization, quantitative elemental analysis, and iron oxidation states were determined via Raman spectroscopy, wavelength disperse X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements were performed to examine the magnetic ordering. These layered materials exhibit paramagnetic or superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature. At low temperature ferrimagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering occurs, with the critical ordering temperature of 38.7 K for minnesotaite, 36.1 K for annite, and 4.9 K for biotite. In-field magnetic force microscopy on iron bearing phyllosilicates confirmed the paramagnetic response at room temperature, present down to monolayers.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure

Mineralogy and petrology of Comet Wild-2 nucleus samples - Final results of the preliminary examination team

Accepted versio

Mineralogy and petrology of Comet Wild-2 nucleus samples - Final results of the preliminary examination team

Accepted versio