The Prospects for Family Business in Research Universities

Family business shows the promise of becoming a respected scholarly field in research universities. However, success is not a given. We inquire about its prospects, with reference to the sociology of science. A key requirement for success that has been met is identification with an important and distinctive domain of inquiry. This domain is at the intersection two phenomena - of kinship and business - but more attention has been paid to enterprise than to kinship. We suggest that this creates important windows for theoretical development, an important requirement for a core presence in research universities. We further suggest additional priorities, such as progress in journal and research quality, more developed links to pressing social issues such as international business, inclusion of family business issues in the credit curriculum, and faculty lines that create research continuity and legitimize research on family business

Organizational Learning from Extreme Performance Experience: The Impact of Success and Recovery Experience

This paper argues that two different types of a firm’s own extreme performance experiences—success and recovery—and their interactions can generate survival-enhancing learning. Although these types of experience often represent valuable sources of useful learning, several important learning challenges arise when a firm has extremely limited prior experience of the same type. Thus, we theorize that a certain threshold of a given type of experience is required before each type of experience becomes valuable, with low levels of experience harming the organization. Furthermore, we propose that success and recovery experience will interact to enhance each other’s value. These conditions can help overcome learning challenges such as superstitious learning or learning from small samples. We investigate our ideas using a sample of the U.S. commercial banks founded between 1984 and 1998. Our results indicate that both success and recovery experience of a firm generate survival-enhancing learning, but only after a certain level of experience is reached. Furthermore, success and recovery experience enhance each other’s learning value, consistent with the theories that emphasize the importance of richer and contrasting experience in providing useful knowledge. Our framework advances organizational learning theory by presenting a contingent model of the impact of success and recovery experience and their interaction

Organizational Learning Implications of Partnering Flexibility in Project-Venture Settings: A Multilevel Framework

Project ventures are an increasingly prevalent organizational form in many industries. The management literature has stressed their flexibility and adaptability advantages. This chapter focuses on the learning implications of the source of flexibility most essential to project ventures: the ability to switch partners during project formation and execution. This partnering flexibility creates opportunities to respond to new knowledge about characteristics of project tasks and project partners. Partnering flexibility, however, also creates learning challenges. The short-term nature of relationships between project partners and the disintegration of the project team after project completion challenges the accumulation and transfer of knowledge to future projects. Beyond the introduction of related learning opportunities and challenges, we identify potential contingency factors in the project context that shape when partner flexibility will have beneficial versus harmful effects. On the organizational level, we propose that project-governing permanent organizations can support project-venture learning. On the industry level, we highlight potential learning benefits of standardized partner roles and coordination practices. Thus, our chapter introduces a multilevel contingency framework for the evaluation of both learning opportunities and challenges of partnering flexibility in project-venture settings. We formulate testable propositions focused on partner-project fit and project performance

A half-second glimpse often lets radiologists identify breast cancer cases even when viewing the mammogram of the opposite breast

Humans are very adept at extracting the “gist” of a scene in a fraction of a second. We have found that radiologists can discriminate normal from abnormal mammograms at above-chance levels after a half-second viewing (d′ ∼ 1) but are at chance in localizing the abnormality. This pattern of results suggests that they are detecting a global signal of abnormality. What are the stimulus properties that might support this ability? We investigated the nature of the gist signal in four experiments by asking radiologists to make detection and localization responses about briefly presented mammograms in which the spatial frequency, symmetry, and/or size of the images was manipulated. We show that the signal is stronger in the higher spatial frequencies. Performance does not depend on detection of breaks in the normal symmetry of left and right breasts. Moreover, above-chance classification is possible using images from the normal breast of a patient with overt signs of cancer only in the other breast. Some signal is present in the portions of the parenchyma (breast tissue) that do not contain a lesion or that are in the contralateral breast. This signal does not appear to be a simple assessment of breast density but rather the detection of the abnormal gist may be based on a widely distributed image statistic, learned by experts. The finding that a global signal, related to disease, can be detected in parenchyma that does not contain a lesion has implications for improving breast cancer detection

Myopia during emergency improvisation: lessons from a catastrophic wildfire

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a number of processes joined to create the microlevel strategies and procedures that resulted in the most lethal and tragic forest fire in Portugal's history, recalled as the EN236-1 road tragedy in the fire of Pedrogao Grande. Design/methodology/approach Using an inductive theory development approach, the authors consider how the urgency and scale of perceived danger coupled with failures of system-wide communication led fire teams to improvise repeatedly. Findings The paper shows how structure collapse led teams to use only local information prompting acts of improvisational myopia, in the particular shape of corrosive myopia, and how a form of incidental improvisation led to catastrophic results. Practical implications The research offers insights into the dangers of improvisation arising from corrosive myopia, identifying ways to minimize them with the development of improvisation practices that allow for the creation of new patterns of action. The implications for managing surprise through improvisation extend to risk contexts beyond wildfires. Originality/value The paper stands out for showing the impact of improvisational myopia, especially in its corrosive form, which stands in stark contrast to the central role of attention to the local context highlighted in previous research on improvisation. At the same time, by exploring the effects of incidental improvisation, it also departs from the agentic conception of improvisation widely discussed in the improvisation literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Data mining methods for the prediction of different forms of asthma

The article examines the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, cites the classification of the disease, proves the relevance of this research, and represents the result of primary data analysis by using a powerful tool for data analysis - Rapid Miner

(2S, 4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine for In vivo PET Imaging of Glioma Xenografts in Mice: an Evaluation of Multiple Pharmacokinetic Models

Purpose: The glutamine analogue (2S, 4R)-4-[18F]fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) was investigated tofurther characterize its pharmacokinetics and acquire in vivo positron emission tomography (PET)images of separate orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma xenografts in mice.Procedures: [18F]FGln was synthesized at a high radiochemical purity as analyzed by high-performanceliquid chromatography. An orthotopic model was created by injecting luciferase-expressingpatient-derived BT3 glioma cells into the right hemisphere of BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu mousebrains (tumor growth monitored via in vivo bioluminescence), the subcutaneous model by injecting ratBT4C glioma cells into the flank and neck regions of Foxn1nu/nu mice. Dynamic PET images wereacquired after injecting 10–12 MBq of the tracer into mouse tail veins. Animals were sacrificed 63 minafter tracer injection, and ex vivo biodistributions were measured. Tumors and whole brains (with tumors)were cryosectioned, autoradiographed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All images were analyzedwith CARIMAS software. Blood sampling of 6 Foxn1nu/nu and 6 C57BL/6J mice was performed after 9–14 MBq of tracer was injected at time points between 5 and 60 min then assayed for erythrocyte uptake,plasma protein binding, and plasma parent-fraction of radioactivity to correct PET image-derived whole-bloodradioactivity and apply the data to multiple pharmacokinetic models.Results: Orthotopic human glioma xenografts displayed PET image tumor-to-healthy brain region ratioof 3.6 and 4.8 while subcutaneously xenografted BT4C gliomas displayed (n = 12) a tumor-to-muscle(flank) ratio of 1.9 ± 0.7 (range 1.3–3.4). Using PET image-derived blood radioactivity corrected bypopulation-based stability analyses, tumor uptake pharmacokinetics fit Logan and Yokoi modeling forreversible uptake.Conclusions: The results reinforce that [18F]FGln has preferential uptake in glioma tissue versusthat of corresponding healthy tissue and fits well with reversible uptake models.</p