Midline neck swelling mimicking thyroglossal CYST: Report of an uncommon presentation of cysticercous infestatation

Cysticercosis in humans is caused by an infestation by larvae of Taenia solium. The neck is a rare site of the infestation. Here, we present the case of cysticercosis situated in the neck of a 12-years-old child. The midline neck swelling present in the child since 2 years mimicked thyroglossal cyst, both clinically and radiologically. There were no other systemic complaints. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of the swelling was done for reaching the final diagnosis. Hence, in all inflammatory/cystic lesions, particularly in endemic areas, the possibility of cysticercosis should be taken into consideration irrespective of age, location, and the size of the lesion

Reappraisal of risk factors in neoplastic lesions of the cervix uteri

Background: Carcinoma of uterine cervix is most common cancer amongst women in developing countries and rates the second most common cancer in women throughout the world. Despite possible correlation with factor like age, sexual activity, multiparity, smoking, alcohol, oral contraception and low socio economic status, suggested by various researchers, the exact role and a true causal association between these factors and carcinoma cervix has not been proved as yet.Methods: Two hundred and fiftyfour (254) patients with cervical lesions were screened for carcinoma of the cervix and 195 were found to be suffering from malignant and intraepithelial lesions. 59 patients had benign lesion of the cervix.Results: The commonest risk factor encountered in the study was early age at intercourse (84.25%) followed by multiparity (64.56%), illiteracy (64.56%), sexually transmitted disease (61.02%), bad hygiene (43.70%), low socio-economic class (42.91%), and tobacco use in decreasing order. These factors have complex interrelationship with each other e.g. low socioeconomic status is commonly associated with bad hygiene, illiteracy, multiparity and early age at first intercourse (p<0.001).Conclusions: Early detection of benign lesions and decrease in number of risk factors in an individual being minimum at lower age is probably associated with benign part of the spectrum of disease while constant presence of these factors leads to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia followed by truly invasive disease. Intervention at any point with decrease of or absence of risk factors can stop these premalignant lesions to become malignant

Pilomatricoma of cheek mimicking malignancy: A diagnostic challenge on Fine needle aspiration cytology

Pilomatricoma is a benign adnexal lesion which is often diagnosed on cytology. Sometimes cytomorphology may pose diagnostic&nbsp;challenge and may mimic malignant neoplasm. We present a case of a slow growing nodular swelling on the right upper cheek in a&nbsp;9-year-old male child with similar diagnostic difficulty on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)

THERAPIES IN CANCER TREATMENT: AN OVERVIEW

Cancer is one of the most frequent and distressing diseases. The mortality caused by cancer and its prevalence has increased during the last 50 years. Cancer is still one of the most destructive disease of human beings due to its complexity and progressive nature and the clinical management of this deadly disease continue to be a challenge for the 21stcentury. Various types of cancer are reported in literature such as Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma, leukemia, Blastoma and Germ cell tumor. There is a continuous need for new and better cancer therapies. A few years ago, surgery and radiotherapy were the only effective way to fight tumor growth. Now various therapies for the treatment of cancer have been developed including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, proton therapy, thermotherapy, Photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, cryotherapy and differentiation therapy. These therapies have dramatically changed the scenario of cancer treatment. Further research is also needed to discriminate the various genes and signaling pathways in the process of the carcinogenesis of cancer stem cells for the development of novel therapies, with the ultimate goal of eliminating the residual disease and recurrence. This review aims to present the various types, stages of cancer and also focus on various therapies used for the treatment of cancer.Â

Coexistant extramedullary hematopoiesisin lymph node and non-hodgkin lymphoma with leukemic spill: A rare case report

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) commonly occurs in the liver and spleen. Non-hepatosplenic EMH in a lymphnode is rare and&nbsp;with co-existing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is even rarer. Careful screening of cytological slides is a must in order not to miss such rare&nbsp;cases of non-hepatosplenic EMH in lymphnodes. We hereby report a rare case of a 75-year-old male with coexisting lymphnode EMH&nbsp;and NHL, that too with the leukemic spill, which has never been reported before

Health-care-associated infection in a pediatric intensive care unit

Introduction: Health-care-associated infection (HAI) is a major cause of concern in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) all over&nbsp;the world and represents an important cause of mortality and financial burden for health-care systems. Objective: The objective&nbsp;of this study was to describe the epidemiologic profile of children with HAI. Methods: This was a prospective surveillance study&nbsp;conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, India. Children, admitted to PICU between December 1, 2015,&nbsp;and November 30, 2016, were monitored for the development of bloodstream infection (BSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia, andurinary tract infection. Results: A total of 430 patients were admitted during the study period. Of 250 eligible patients, 15 children(6%) developed 19 episodes of HAI with patient prevalence of six infections per 100 patients. Only Gram-negative bacteria were&nbsp;identified, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism (68.42%). Bloodstream was the most common site of HAI&nbsp;(n=11, 58%) followed by respiratory tract (n=6, 32%) and urinary tract (n=2, 10%). In a univariate analysis, survivors of cardiac&nbsp;arrest or trauma, malnourished children had an increased risk of acquiring HAI. The presence of lymphopenia (≤1000/mm3),&nbsp;hypercarbia (Pco2 &gt;65 mmHg), sodium imbalance (&lt;130 meq/L or &gt;150 meq/L), organ dysfunctions, and length of stay before&nbsp;acquiring infection was all associated with an increased risk of developing HAI (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: BSI is the most common&nbsp;HAI and only Gram-negative organisms were identified in our unit

Role of Citrus Concentrate in Extraction and Evaluation of Herbal Polymer

Background: The use of natural polymers as excipients in the pharmaceutical sector is expanding day by day. Low cost, safety issues, availability, and biodegradability are the main causes that make them differ from other sources. Natural sources have a wide range of varieties and characteristics. So, they can be used numerous times in pharmaceutical products as excipients to serve the desired purposes. &nbsp;Aim:&nbsp; To extract and evaluate the natural polymeric substances that can be used as excipients in pharmaceuticals from fenugreek seeds by using solvent extraction method. Methods: Trigonella foenum-graceum fenugreek mucilage is drive from the endosperm of the seeds it consists of galactose and mannose of it gives high viscosity in aqueous solution the fenugreek seeds used for thickening, stabilizing and emulsifying food agent. In this procedure we use grapefruit juice to treat with extract mucilage from fenugreek seeds which enhance its stability and bioavailability. Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of some orally administered drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4 and normally undergo extensive presystemic extraction. Results: In addition, grapefruit juice it can decrease the oral absorption of a few drugs that rely on organic anion transporting polypeptide in the gastrointestinal tract for their uptake. The number of drugs shown to interact with grapefruit juice in vitro is far greater than the number of clinically relevant grapefruit juice drug interactions

Synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activity of Dibenz[c,e]azepine-5,7-dione derivatives in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats

The structural requirements for decreasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels remain largely uninvestigated. Thus a systematic investigation of certain N-substituted dibenz[c,e]azepines is necessary. Nine compounds of N-substituted derivatives of Dibenz[c,e]azepine-5,7-Dione were synthesized and they were tested for antihyperlipidemic activity. Compounds synthesized (C-1, C-3, C-4 and C-5) significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL (low density lipoprotein) levels and also improved the HDL (high density lipoprotein) level in Triton-WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Keywords: antihyperlipidemic activity, lipids in plasma, high density lipoprotei

Deep phenotyping and genomic data from a nationally representative study on dementia in India

The Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) is a nationally representative in-depth study of cognitive aging and dementia. We present a publicly available dataset of harmonized cognitive measures of 4,096 adults 60 years of age and older in India, collected across 18 states and union territories. Blood samples were obtained to carry out whole blood and serum-based assays. Results are included in a venous blood specimen datafile that can be linked to the Harmonized LASI-DAD dataset. A global screening array of 960 LASI-DAD respondents is also publicly available for download, in addition to neuroimaging data on 137 LASI-DAD participants. Altogether, these datasets provide comprehensive information on older adults in India that allow researchers to further understand risk factors associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.Peer reviewe