Desafíos de la criminalización de la protesta y la corrupción a través de documentos internacionales

With the passage of the Islamic Penal Code of 1992, the legislator took a critical step contrary to the provisions of international documents such as the Political and Civil Covenant and the Universal Declaration of Human rights and other documents criminalize behaviors that are critical of human rights, both in terms of punishment and in non-compliance with the principles and principles of criminality. As provided in Article 286 for severe on-the-ground corruption with a view to development in various fields, the death penalty has been specified. The perpetrators of these crimes and deviations from the substantive principles of security crimes, such as riots and corruption on earth, present challenges that will be addressed in this article, first explaining the importance of the right to life and the death penalty in international documents and the Iranian legal system.Con la aprobación del Código Penal Islámico de 1992, el legislador dio un paso crítico contrario a las disposiciones de Los documentos internacionales como el Pacto Político y Civil y la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y otros documentos penalizan comportamientos que son críticos de los derechos humanos, tanto en términos de castigo como en incumplimiento de los principios y principios de criminalidad. Según lo dispuesto en el Artículo 286 para la corrupción severa en el terreno con miras al desarrollo en varios campos, se ha especificado la pena de muerte. Los autores de estos crímenes y las desviaciones de los principios sustantivos de los crímenes de seguridad, como los disturbios y la corrupción en la tierra, presentan desafíos que se abordarán en este artículo, primero explicando la importancia del derecho a la vida y la pena de muerte en documentos internacionales y el sistema legal iraní

Knowledge and Attitude About Research Ethics Among Iranian Dental Students

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the students of Kerman dental school (Iran) about ethics in dental research. Material and Methods: This cross-section study was conducted on 307 dental students selected through the census sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 12 items about knowledge and 17 items about attitude toward research ethics. Data analyzed in SPSS software using t-test and linear regression test. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the respondents, 33.9% were male and 66.1% were female, and 44% had good knowledge and 20.8% had a positive attitude about research ethics. A significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude. A significant correlation was also observed between knowledge and participation in research workshops. Knowledge and attitude showed no significant correlation with gender or year of admission. Conclusion: Participants had appropriate knowledge and attitude about research ethics. There is some room for improvement in research ethics education concerning experimental works and retrospective studies on biologic samples. Holding research workshops with an introduction to ethical codes of research is recommended

Malignant Transformation in Leukoplakia and Its Associated Factors in Southern Iran: A Hospital Based Experience

We evaluated factors that affect malignant transformation of leukoplakia in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: The records of patients with a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia during a 20-year period from 1989-2009 referred to two of the largest referral centers in southern Iran were studied. Patients that developed malignant trans-formation were compared with patients that did not have malignant changes. Results: Of 522 patients, female patients, those over 50 yr old and with lesions located on the tongue had the highest rate of malignant changes. Female patients with malignant changes were mostly non-smokers (76.4%), while male pa-tients with malignant changes were mostly smokers (63.8% in non-smokers) (P<0.001). In our univariate analysis, male sex and smoking showed lower chances for malignant transformation (OR: 0.57; CI=0.397-0.822 and OR: 0.025; CI=0.141-0.299, respectively), while age above 50 was a risk factor for malignant transformation (OR: 3.57; CI=2.32-5.42). In the multivariate analysis, smoking (OR: 0.317; 95% CI=0.16–0.626) and morphological presentation as eryt-hroplakia (OR: 0.025; 95% CI=0.005-0.131) had low chances for developing malignant changes, while site of lesion on the tongue (OR: 774; 95% CI=60-9838) and morphological presentation as erythroleukoplakia (OR: 6.26; 95% CI=3.16-12.38) were a risk factor for developing malignant changes Conclusion: A follow-up program and further work-up should be considered for Iranian patients who have a leukop-lakia lesion that is flat and are white patch or plaques with red components, in addition for patients who have lesions located on the tongue and for nonsmokers who develops leukoplakia lesions

Prevalence of Malnutrition among Iranian Pediatric Patients before and After Hospitalization (2015 To 2017): A Multicenter Study

Background: Malnutrition undermines the beneficial outcomes of clinical interventions and also increases hospital costs. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition through a multicenter observational study at the time of admission and discharge in Iranian hospitalized children and adolescents. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years from three Iranian public tertiary pediatric hospitals located in different cities of Iran. To determine the participants’ nutritional status, Z-score of the weight for height (for those with 1month to 5years of age) and Z-score of BMI (for ≥5 to 18-year-old patients) were calculated using the WHO growth standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Information about 1499 patients was collected. At the time of admission, 64% of the participants had a good nutritional status, 15.5% were at high risk of wasting, 8.4% were wasted, and 12.1% were severely wasted. Among 295 malnourished patients, the nutritional status of 182 patients (63%) had been improved at the time of discharge. Also, 23% of all subjects with normal nutritional status at the admission time (85 participants), were at risk of malnutrition at discharge. The prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition at the discharge time was about 20%. Conclusion: More than one-third of the hospitalized children had moderate or severe malnutrition or were at high risk. Although the prevalence of malnutrition decreased somewhat during hospitalization, some children were not malnourished at the time of admission and were malnourished at discharge

A New Efficient Method for the Numerical Solution of Linear Time-Dependent Partial Differential Equations

This paper presents a new efficient method for the numerical solution of a linear time-dependent partial differential equation. The proposed technique includes the collocation method with Legendre wavelets for spatial discretization and the three-step Taylor method for time discretization. This procedure is third-order accurate in time. A comparative study between the proposed method and the one-step wavelet collocation method is provided. In order to verify the stability of these methods, asymptotic stability analysis is employed. Numerical illustrations are investigated to show the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method. An important property of the presented method is that unlike the one-step wavelet collocation method, it is not necessary to choose a small time step to achieve stability

A New Descent Algorithm Using the Three-Step Discretization Method for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems

In this paper, three-step Taylor expansion, which is equivalent to third-order Taylor expansion, is used as a mathematical base of the new descent method. At each iteration of this method, three steps are performed. Each step has a similar structure to the steepest descent method, except that the generalized search direction, step length, and next iterative point are applied. Compared with the steepest descent method, it is shown that the proposed algorithm has higher convergence speed and lower computational cost and storage

Desafíos de la criminalización de la protesta y la corrupción a través de documentos internacionales

With the passage of the Islamic Penal Code of 1992, the legislator took a critical step contrary to the provisions of international documents such as the Political and Civil Covenant and the Universal Declaration of Human rights and other documents criminalize behaviors that are critical of human rights, both in terms of punishment and in non-compliance with the principles and principles of criminality. As provided in Article 286 for severe on-the-ground corruption with a view to development in various fields, the death penalty has been specified. The perpetrators of these crimes and deviations from the substantive principles of security crimes, such as riots and corruption on earth, present challenges that will be addressed in this article, first explaining the importance of the right to life and the death penalty in international documents and the Iranian legal system.Con la aprobación del Código Penal Islámico de 1992, el legislador dio un paso crítico contrario a las disposiciones de Los documentos internacionales como el Pacto Político y Civil y la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y otros documentos penalizan comportamientos que son críticos de los derechos humanos, tanto en términos de castigo como en incumplimiento de los principios y principios de criminalidad. Según lo dispuesto en el Artículo 286 para la corrupción severa en el terreno con miras al desarrollo en varios campos, se ha especificado la pena de muerte. Los autores de estos crímenes y las desviaciones de los principios sustantivos de los crímenes de seguridad, como los disturbios y la corrupción en la tierra, presentan desafíos que se abordarán en este artículo, primero explicando la importancia del derecho a la vida y la pena de muerte en documentos internacionales y el sistema legal iraní

Three-step Predictor-Corrector Finite Element Schemes for Consolidation Equation

An accurate, stable, and efficient three-step predictor-corrector time integration method is considered, for the first time, to obtain numerical solution for the one-dimensional consolidation equation within a finite and spectral element framework. Theoretical order of accuracy and stability conditions are provided. The three-step predictor-corrector time integration method is third-order accurate and shows a larger stability region than the forward Euler method when applied to the one-dimensional consolidation equation. Furthermore, numerical results are in agreement with analytical solutions previously derived by the authors

Dry Coupling of Ultrasonic Transducer Components for High Temperature Applications

The viability for dry coupling of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer components was investigated, using a thin foil of annealed silver as a filler material/coupling agent at each component interface. Criteria used for room temperature evaluation were centered on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and echo bandwidth, for a Li-Nb based transducer operating in pulse-echo mode. A normal clamping stress of only 25 MPa, applied repeatedly over three loading cycles on a precisely-aligned transducer stack, was sufficient to yield backwall echoes with a SNR greater than 25 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth of approximately 65%. This compares to a SNR of 32 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 65%, achievable when all transducer interfaces were coupled with ultrasonic gel. The respective roles of a soft filler material, alignment of transducer components, cyclic clamping, component roughness, and component flatness were evaluated in achieving this high efficiency dry coupling, with transducer clamping forces far lower than previously reported. Preliminary high temperature tests indicate that this coupling method is suitable for high temperature and achieves signal quality comparable to that at room temperature with ultrasonic gel

Neutronic analysis of control rod effect on safety parameters in Tehran Research Reactor

The measurement and calculation of neutronic parameters in nuclear research reactors has an important influence on control and safety of the nuclear reactor. The power peaking factors, reactivity coefficients and kinetic parameters are the most important neutronic parameter for determining the state of the reactor. The position of the control shim safety rods in the core configuration affects these parameters. The main purpose of this work is to use the MTR_PC package to evaluate the effect of the partially insertion of the control rod on the neutronic parameters at the operating core of the Tehran Research Reactor. The simulation results show that by increasing the insertion of control rods (bank) in the core, the absolute values of power peaking factor, reactivity coefficients and effective delayed neutron fraction increased and only prompt neutron life time decreased. . In addition, the results show that the changes of moderator temperature coefficients value versus the control rods positions are very significant. The average value of moderator temperature coefficients increase about 98% in the range of 0–70% insertion of control rods. Keywords: Neutronic parameter, Power peaking factor, Moderator temperature coefficient, Fuel temperature coefficient, Kinetic parameter