Iodine k-edge dual energy imaging reveals the influence of particle size distribution on solute transport in drying porous media

Increasing salinity in groundwater and soil poses a threat to water and land resources. With the expectation of major changes to the hydrological cycle through climate change, the need for understanding the fundamental processes governing solute transport through soil has grown significantly. We provide experimentally verified insights into the influence of particle size distribution on solute transport in porous media during evaporation at the pore- and macro-scales. To do so, we utilized four-dimensional (space plus time) synchrotron X-ray tomography for iodine k-edge dual energy imaging to obtain solute concentration profiles in every single pore during saline water evaporation from coarse- and fine-grained sands. Close to the surface of the coarse-grained sand significantly higher salt concentrations were observed when compared to fine-grained sand with the same porosity under similar cumulative evaporative mass losses. The physics behind this behaviour was delineated using the recorded data with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Moreover, the measured data enabled us to quantify the variations of the effective dispersion coefficient during evaporation and how it is influenced by the particle size distribution. We show that, contrary to common assumption in modelling of solute transport during evaporation, the effective dispersion coefficient varies as a function of liquid saturation and the length of the invaded zone during evaporation from porous media, and that it increases as liquid saturation decreases

Evaporation Dynamics and NaCl Precipitation on Capillarity-Coupled Heterogeneous Porous Surfaces

<p>Experimental dataset for "Evaporation Dynamics and NaCl Precipitation on Capillarity-Coupled Heterogeneous Porous Surfaces". We investigate the effects of textural heterogeneity of porous media on evaporative salt precipitation patterns. The study illustrates the interactions between the water characteristic curve, preferential drying front displacement and subsequent salt deposition patterns as also seen in high resolution X-ray tomography. The study provide new insights into mechanisms of saline water evaporation and complex effects of porous media heterogeneity on salt precipitation patterns and dynamics, all critical ingredients in understanding salinization patterns and locations in porous media.</p

Evaporation Dynamics and NaCl Precipitation on Capillarity-Coupled Heterogeneous Porous Surfaces

<p>Experimental dataset for "Evaporation Dynamics and NaCl Precipitation on Capillarity-Coupled Heterogeneous Porous Surfaces". We investigate the effects of textural heterogeneity of porous media on evaporative salt precipitation patterns. The study illustrates the interactions between the water characteristic curve, preferential drying front displacement and subsequent salt deposition patterns as also seen in high resolution X-ray tomography. The study provide new insights into mechanisms of saline water evaporation and complex effects of porous media heterogeneity on salt precipitation patterns and dynamics, all critical ingredients in understanding salinization patterns and locations in porous media.</p