My Response to Ramseyer’s Effort to Deny the History of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery

The main objective of this paper is to critically evaluate as many of Ramseyer’s arguments as possible included in his 2022 paper. It consists of three sections in addition to the introduction and concluding remarks. The first section summarizes the expanded literature that interpreted the “comfort women” system as sexual slavery, judgments, and recommendations to the Japanese government given by scholars, international human rights organizations and the legislative branches of four Western countries. Since Ramseyer published his article denying the “comfort women” system as sexual slavery without introducing this literature, we cannot consider his article as an academic work. The second section critically evaluates Ramseyer’s unacceptable and untenable arguments that Japanese and Korean “comfort women” were commercial sex workers with labor contracts rather than sexual slaves. The third section critically evaluates Ramseyer’s severe criticisms of the Korean council and its redress activities

Korean Immigrant Wives' Overwork

The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate, based on interviews with 298 Korean married women in New York City, the extent to which Korean immigrant wives overwork. Its secondary objective is to analyze the factors that contribute to the differentials in Korean immigrant wives' share of housework. A large majority of Korean immigrant wives in New York City are found to take the economic role. An overwhelming majority of Korean working wives are involved in excessively long hours of work, comparable to their husbands. Moreover, Korean immigrant working wives are responsible for most of housework. As a result, they spend some twelve more hours per week than their working husbands. As expected, the amount of time Korean immigrant wives spend for paid work and the number of their cohabiting extra adult members significantly reduce their share of housework. Years of education Korean immigrant wives received have a moderate, but statistically significant negative effect on their proportion of housework. However, neither their length of residence in the U.S. nor gender role attitudes have a significant effect on their share of housework

The Immigration of Koreans to the United States:A Review of 45 Year (1965-2009) Trends

This paper reviews changes in patterns of Koreans' immigration to the United States between 1965 and 2009 based on annual statistical reports by the immigration office. This review captures changes in the annual number of Korean immigrants, their immigration mechanisms and occupational characteristics, and the proportion of status adjusters. The annual number of Korean immigrants gradually increased for the first ten years, reached the peak between 1976 and 1990, gradually decreased in the 1990s, and slightly increased in the 2000s again. At the end of the 1960s and early 1970s, professionals, especially medical professionals, composed a significant proportion of Korean immigrants. The proportion of Korean immigrants in specialty occupations declined in the late 1970s and early 1980, with a concomitant increase in the proportion of family-based immigrants. But the trend reversed beginning in the early 1990s, with the gradual increase in the proportion of Korean specialty immigrants and the radical decrease in the proportion of family-based immigrants. The predominant majority of Korean immigrants during recent years are status adjusters. The presence of an increasing number of non-immigrant temporary residents in the Korean community, along with great technological advances, has helped Korean residents maintain strong transnational ties to their homeland

The Effect Of Brand Experience Provider On Brand Experience: Focus On Korean Cosmetic Brand Shop

This present research distinguishes brand experience providers of cosmetic companies that include three elements: Brand identity elements of cosmetic brand shops (feminine and environmental-friendly brand identity); Marketing mix elements (level of iconic product, level of steady-seller product, reasonable pricing, convenience of location, quality of additional service); Cosmetic brand store elements (effective product assortment, atmosphere of a store, availability of testers, proficiency of consultants). This paper aims to explore these elements and the effect of brand experience provider on all brand experience dimensions; sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral experience. After the review of extant studies, we propose 11 hypotheses. Based on the collected 295 consumers of experienced cosmetic brand shop, the proposed model is testified with the SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 is supported. According to the result of empirical analysis, it turns out that, in terms of characteristics of brand experiential provider, 'feminine brand identity', 'iconic product', 'steady seller product', 'convenient location', 'additional service quality', 'assortment', 'atmosphere', 'self-tester', and 'consultant' affected the customers' holistic brand experience of cosmetic brand shop. However, 'environmental-friendly brand identity', 'reasonable price' results to have no influence on the holistic brand experience of brand of cosmetic brand shop. The study produced a theoretical implication on brand experience that it empirically approached to factors of brand experiential provider on holistic brand experience of store. The earlier studies were at best conceptual analysis or they mainly dealt with in-store factor, whereas this paper divides factors that affect the customer's overall experience into 'brand identity', 'marketing mix strategy', and 'physical environment of in-store'

Twice-Migrant Chinese and Indians in the United States: Their Origins and Attachment to Their Original Homeland

China and India, the two most populated countries in the world, also have the largest overseas populations scattered all over the world. Following the global migration flow, many overseas Chinese and Indians have re-migrated from their diasporic communities to the United States in the post-1965 immigration era. This article, focusing on twice-migrant Chinese and Indians in the United States, has two interrelated objectives. First, it shows twice-migrant Chinese and Indians regions and countries of origin that roughly reflect their global dispersals. Second, it examines their attachment to their original homeland using two indicators: use of ethnic language (a Chinese or an Indian language) at home and their choice of ancestry. It uses the combined 2009-2011 American Community Surveys as the primary data source. This article is significant because by using an innovative data source, it describes the origins and ethnic attachment of the two largest twice-migrant groups in the United States

Effect of variation in length of the conventional heat pipe on the thermal performance

One-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted for the performance of the conventional heat pipe(CHP). In the current investigation, the operating limitations of an CHP were theoretically studied in order to determine its maximum heat transport capability. The thermal network approach was used to calculate the performance of the CHP, based on the methodology to produce results of reasonable accuracy. In the present study, the effect of variation in length of the CHP on the performance was analyzed using the corresponding thermal networks.Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Portoroz, Slovenia on 17-19 July 2017 .International centre for heat and mass transfer.American society of thermal and fluids engineers

Transcription factor YY1 is essential for regulation of the Th2 cytokine locus and for Th2 cell differentiation

The Th2 locus control region (LCR) has been shown to be important in efficient and coordinated cytokine gene regulation during Th2 cell differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism for this is poorly understood. To study the molecular mechanism of the Th2 LCR, we searched for proteins binding to it. We discovered that transcription factor YY1 bound to the LCR and the entire Th2 cytokine locus in a Th2-specific manner. Retroviral overexpression of YY1 induced Th2 cytokine expression. CD4-specific knockdown of YY1 in mice caused marked reduction in Th2 cytokine expression, repressed chromatin remodeling, decreased intrachromosomal interactions, and resistance in an animal model of asthma. YY1 physically associated with GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA3) and is required for GATA3 binding to the locus. YY1 bound to the regulatory elements in the locus before GATA3 binding. Thus, YY1 cooperates with GATA3 and is required for regulation of the Th2 cytokine locus and Th2 cell differentiation

Electrothermal soft manipulator enabling safe transport and handling of thin cell/tissue sheets and bioelectronic devices

“Living” cell sheets or bioelectronic chips have great potentials to improve the quality of diagnostics and therapies. However, handling these thin and delicate materials remains a grand challenge because the external force applied for gripping and releasing can easily deform or damage the materials. This study presents a soft manipulator that can manipulate and transport cell/tissue sheets and ultrathin wearable biosensing devices seamlessly by recapitulating how a cephalopod’s suction cup works. The soft manipulator consists of an ultrafast thermo-responsive, microchanneled hydrogel layer with tissue-like softness and an electric heater layer. The electric current to the manipulator drives microchannels of the gel to shrink/expand and results in a pressure change through the microchannels. The manipulator can lift/detach an object within 10 s and can be used repeatedly over 50 times. This soft manipulator would be highly useful for safe and reliable assembly and implantation of therapeutic cell/tissue sheets and biosensing devices

Ethnic mobilization among Korean dry-cleaners

Korean immigrants in the U.S. rely heavily on ethnic resources to start small businesses.  Ethnic resources include business networks and knowledge, start-up capital, and access to labor power that are embedded in networks of family, friends, and co-ethnics.  This paper shows how Korean dry cleaners in Southern California used ethnic resources to mobilize in response to an environmental policy initiated by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD).  While Korean immigrants used ethnic resources to start dry cleaning businesses, they found themselves working with a toxic chemical.  In 2002, AQMD required dry cleaners in Southern California to convert to costly alternative machines by 2020.  Korean dry cleaners used ethnic-based collective action, particularly the Korean Dry Cleaning Association, as a means of fighting for regulatory concessions.  They also used ethnic resources to overcome cultural and linguistic barriers to facilitate the adoption of alternative cleaning machines in compliance with the regulation.   &nbsp