Area under the curve of immunosuppressants.

<p>Area under the curve of immunosuppressants.</p

a, b, c Area under the curve of tacrolimus, MMF and prednisone over the study period from t₀ to t₆.

<p>a, b, c Area under the curve of tacrolimus, MMF and prednisone over the study period from t₀ to t₆.</p

Gd-IgA1, total IgA1 and IgA-IgG complexes in recurrent and non-recurrent patients at t0, t3 and t6.

<p>Gd-IgA1, total IgA1 and IgA-IgG complexes in recurrent and non-recurrent patients at t0, t3 and t6.</p

a, b, and c. Changes of galactose-deficient IgA1, total IgA1 and IgA-IgG complexes over time under influence of changing degrees of immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone.

<p>Boxes represent the median 50% of patients, lower and upper box ends are the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the middle bar represents the median. Whiskers link the lower/ upper box ends with the 5th and the 95th percentile. Outliers are represented by a closed circle.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p

Low-Temperature and Gram-Scale Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Fe–N–C Carbon Sheets for Robust Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The Fe–N–C-based carbon materials, which are generally formed by high-temperature annealing, have been highlighted as a promising alternative to expensive Pt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. However, the delicate formation of active sites remains an issue because of decomposition and transformation of the macrocycle during heat treatment. Accordingly, we developed a low-temperature and gram-scale approach to synthesizing iron phthalocyanine (Pc)-embedded two-dimensional carbon sheets by annealing at 450 °C. The low-temperature annealing process, which is motivated by the synthesis of carbon nanoribbons, is suitable for maintaining the Fe–N–C structure while enhancing coupling with carbon. Our two-dimensional carbon sheets show higher ORR activity than commercial Pt catalyst in alkaline media. Furthermore, the feasibility of real application to alkaline membrane electrolyte fuel cell is verified by superior volumetric current density. In durability point of view, the initial activity is retained up to 3000 potential cycles without appreciable activity loss; this excellent performance is attributed to the structural stabilization and electron donation from the carbon sheet, which occurs via strong electronic coupling. We believe that this low-temperature and large-scale synthesis of a carbon structure will provide new possibilities for the development of electrochemical energy applications

Cerium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Hollow Shell Phosphors Synthesized via the Kirkendall Effect

We report, for the first time, the synthesis of the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ hollow phosphor particles with a uniform size distribution via the Kirkendall effect, characterized by using a combination of <i>in situ</i> X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses as a function of calcination temperature. The formation of hollow Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ particles was revealed to originate from the different diffusivities of atoms (Al and Y) in a diffusion couple, causing a supersaturation of lattice vacancies. The optical characterization using photoluminescence spectroscopy and scanning confocal microscopy clearly showed the evidence of YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) hollow shells with emission at 545 nm. Another advantage of this methodology is that the size of hollow shells can be tunable by changing the size of initial nanotemplates that are spherical aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. In this study, we synthesized the hollow shell particles with average diameters of 140 and 600 nm as representatives to show the range of particle sizes. Because of the unique structural and optical properties, the Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ hollow shells can be another alternative to luminescence materials such as quantum dots and organic dyes, which promote their utilization in various fields, including optoelectronic and nanobio devices

The incidence of VTE according to clinical parameters.

*<p>Fisher's exact test, ^†linear-by-linear association.</p>‡<p>Subtotal gastrectomy was conducted in 271 patients and proximal gastrectomy in 11 patients.</p><p>Abbreviations: VTE, venous thromboembolism; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white bleed cell.</p

Flow of patients in this study.

<p>Flow of patients in this study.</p

Characteristics of patients who developed VTE during postoperative periods.

<p>Abbreviations: VTE, venous thromboembolism; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.</p