catena-Poly[[bis­(dimethyl­ammonium) [cadmate(II)-bis­(μ-1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl-3,3′′-dicarboxyl­ato)]] dimethyl­formamide disolvate]

In the title compound, {(C2H8N)2[Cd(C20H12O4)2]·2C3H7NO}n, the CdII ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and is in a distorted octa­hedral CdO6 environment, defined by four O atoms of two μ2-coordinated 1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl-3,3′′-dicarboxyl­ate (DCT) ligands and two O atoms of two μ1-coordinated DCT ligands. Both types of DCT ligands act as bridging, forming a one-dimensional polymeric structure propagating parallel to [10]

Media Representation of Asian Americans and Asian Native New Yorkers’ Hybrid Persona

Asian Americans, having been degraded in the realm of popular media and neglected in the consumer market, have been unable to obtain a voice or leave a trace in American pop culture. The meager representation that Asian Americans rarely have is highly controlled through a distorted lens, inclined to paint them in a grotesquely exaggerated light for comic relief. The absence of Asian Americans in the media has compelled the Asian American youth to adapt the personas of different cultures in their desires for social and cultural mobility. These factors have given birth to a hybrid persona among Asian Native New Yorkers (ANNY), the subject of analysis in my thesis. These hybrid personas are part of the initial problem of misrepresentation, however, they are also a product of it as well. This essay and video interview explore the different layers of the issue, while attempting to arrive at a solution that grants Asian Americans Independence in their own representation

{μ-N,N′-Bis[(E)-4-pyridylmethyl­idene]naphthalene-1,5-diamine}bis­[dichlorido(dimethyl sulfide)platinum(II)]

The title dinuclear platinum compound, [Pt2Cl4(C22H16N4)(C2H6S)2], with a long bridging bipyridyl-type ligand, is centrosymmetric and the PtII cation shows a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry. The Cl ligands are trans to each other, with a Cl—Pt—Cl angle of 178.83 (8)°. The pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 48.8 (2)° with the planar PtCl2SN unit. Within the mol­ecule, the distance between Pt atoms is 20.262 (5) Å and the N⋯N separation between the terminal pyridyl rings is 16.23 (1)Å

Effect of Inflammation on Cefadroxil Pharmacokinetics in Brain and Kidney and Pharmacometric Modeling of PEPT2-Mediated Disposition of Glycylsarcosine in Brain.

The first objective of this dissertation was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – induced inflammation on the systemic pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal clearance of the PEPT2 substrate cefadroxil. The results demonstrated that blood, CSF and tissue cefadroxil concentrations were markedly increased and tissue-to-blood concentration ratios were decreased by 4.6-fold in choroid plexus and by 2.5-fold in kidney during LPS-induced inflammation. The mRNA expression of PEPT2, OAT1, OAT3 and MRP4 in kidney was mildly reduced in LPS-treated mice without significant changes of transporter expression in choroid plexus. Renal clearance of cefadroxil was substantially decreased by LPS treatment. GFR was reduced by 3-fold in LPS-treated mice, but no significant differences were observed in the fractional reabsorption of cefadroxil and renal secretion normalized by GFR. These findings demonstrate that LPS-induced inflammation has a dramatic effect on the renal excretion of cefadroxil. It appears that changes in transporter expression has played a minor role during LPS treatment and that renal dysfunction, associated with reductions in GFR, is responsible for the substantial increase in cefadroxil plasma concentrations. The second objective of this dissertation was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to quantitatively determine the significance of PEPT2 in the efflux kinetics of glycylsarcosine (GlySar) at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The profiles of GlySar in blood, CSF, and kidney were best described by a four-compartment model. The estimated systemic elimination clearance and volume of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments for wild-type versus PEPT2 knockout mice were 0.236 vs 0.449 ml/min, 3.79 vs 4.75 ml and 5.75 vs 9.18 ml, respectively. Total CSF efflux clearance was 4.3 fold higher for wild-type mice compared to knockout animals. NONMEM parameter estimates indicated that 77% of CSF efflux clearance was mediated by PEPT2 and the remaining 23% was mediated by diffusional and bulk clearances. In conclusion, the findings of this study will help to optimize dosing regimens for renally excreted drugs in severe inflammatory states and for PEPT2 drug substrates for treating CNS diseases in patients whose PEPT2 function is disrupted.PhDPharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102457/1/yeamin_1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102457/2/yeamin_2.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102457/3/yeamin_3.pd

Performance Testing and Analysis of Synchronous Reluctance Motor Utilizing Dual-phase Magnetic Material

While interior permanent magnet (1PM) machines have been considered the state-of-the art for traction motors, synchronous reluctance (SynRel) motors with advanced materials can provide a competitive alternative. 1PM machines typically utilize Neodymium 1ron Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, which pose an issue in terms of price, sustainability, demagnetization at higher operating temperatures, and uncontrolled generation. On the other hand, SynRel machines do not contain any magnets and are free from these issues. However, the absence of magnets as well the presence of bridges and centerposts limit the flux-weakening capability of a SynRel machine and limit the achievable constant power speed ratio (CPSR) without having to significantly oversize the machine and/or the power converter. 1n this paper, a new material referred to as the dual-phase magnetic material where nonmagnetic regions can be selectively introduced within each lamination will be evaluated for SynRel designs. The dual-phase feature of this material enables non-magnetic bridges and posts, eliminating one of the key limitations of the SynRel designs in terms of torque density and flux-weakening. This paper will present, the design, analysis and test results of an advanced proof-of-concept SynRel design utilizing dual-phase material with traction applications as the ultimate target application

New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea

This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Numerous footprints of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and birds, together with arthropod tracks, have been discovered in the upper Cretaceous Uhangri Formation which crops out along the south-western coastline of South Korea. This ichnofauna contains the first pterosaur tracks reported from Asia. The digitigrade tridactyl manus impressions exhibit features of a typical pterosaur hand print. The pes impressions, however, show features that are different from pterosaur footprints reported previously: there is no visible trace of impressions of individual digits, and the toes are triangular or rounded in shape distally without distinct claw impressions. As these features clearly distinguish the Uhangri tracks from Pteraichnus and Purbeckopus, we assign them to a new genus, Haenamichnus which accommodates the new ichnospecies, Haenamichnus uhangriensis. The prints are five to six times larger than those of Pteraichnus, and are currently the largest pterosaur ichnites known. They show virtually no trace of the 5th phalange of the pes, indicating that they were made by pterodactyloids; moreover, features of the tracks suggest that they can be attributed to azhdarchids, the commonest pterosaur of the Late Cretaceous. The longest pterosaur trackway yet known from any track site (length 7.3 m) and consisting of 14 pairs of foot impressions, was also found in the Uhangri Formation and suggests that azhdarchids, at least, were competent terrestrial locomotors. The fossil track site at Uhangri represents the first occurrence of the tracks of pterosaurs, dinosaurs and web-footed birds all on the same level. This demonstrates that pterosaurs and birds visited the same habitat, but the large size disparity suggests that they occupied different ecological niches.Peer Reviewe