Effects of fertilization on yield and grain quality in winter triticale

Study of fertilization effects were conducted in a stationary type of field trial, on a degrading vertisol soil with low pH. Eight variants of mineral nutrition (NK, NP1, NP2, NP3, NPIK, NP2K and NP3K) and untreated control (without nutrition) were tested in the experiment. The rates of nitrogen application were 80 kg N ha(-1), and they were applied either individually or in combination with three phosphorus rates and the potassium fertilizer. The highest grain yields under mineral nutrition involving a combination of three mineral elements were: N, P and K (80 kg N ha(-1), 60 kg P2O5 ha(-1), 60 kg K2O ha(-1)), and under NP2K treatment at a rate of 80 kg N ha(-1), 80 kg P2O5 ha(-1) and 60 kg K2O ha(-1). Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there were highly significant differences in grains yield among years of investigation and highly significant differences at 1000-grain weight and grain test weight

Istraživanje produktivnosti i kvaliteta kg sorti ozimog tritikalea

In this paper are presented results of winter hexaploid varieties of triticale (Kg 20, Favorit and Trijumf) from Kragujevac. Varieties are grown in the trial field of Small Grains Research Centre, Kragujevac during the season 2007-2008. The best parametar of productivity and grain quality for yield, grain weight and grain yield per plant is achieved by examined variety Favorit, while variety Trijumf had the best parametar for plant height. There is found a significant dependence of the examined components of productivity of genotype from the data analysis. It was found that genotype very significantly influence in grain yield and plant height between the varieties of triticale (P lt 0.01). Among the varieties of triticale showed no significant differences in grain weight and grain yield per plant.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja kragujevačkih ozimih heksaploidnih sorti tritikalea (Kg 20, Favorit i Trijumf). Sorte su gajene na oglednom polju Centra za strna žita, Kragujevac tokom 2007-2008 godine. Najbolji pokazatelj rodnosti i kvalitet zrna kod prinosa, mase zrna i prinosa zrna po biljci postigla je ispitivana sorta Favorit, a kod visine biljaka sorta Trijumf. Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđena je značajna zavisnost ispitivanih komponenti kvaliteta zrna od genotipa. Ustanovljeno je da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prinosu zrna i visini biljaka između ispitivanih sorti tritikalea (P lt 0,01). Između ispitivanih sorti tritikalea nisu ustanovljene signifikantne razlike za masu zrna i prinos zrna po biljci

Efekti doze gena kod hordeina u triploidnom endospermu ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The presence of two maternal chromosome sets in triploid barley endosperm allows the distinction of maternal and paternal hordein bands in an electrophoregram: the maternal bands are stronger due to the higher gene dose. In the F1 generation there are differences between reciprocal crosses and in the F2 generation all 16 classes that are theoretically possible for a pair of polymorphic loci can be distinguished. This full classification is rarely possible in genetic studies, and allows more accurate estimates of recombination rates. Two hordein gene clusters (Hor1 and Hor2, corresponding to hordein C and hordein B respectively) were analyzed in hybrids obtained by crossing two winter barley cultivars Partizan and HWV-247. Hordein separation was performed by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). A set of most informative bands of B and C hordeins was selected in each cross by two criteria: (1) presence or absence of bands in the parents and (2) signal strength to allow doses scoring. The average genetic distance between Hor1 and Hor2 loci was 11 cM. Distances in male and female maps were not significantly different, suggesting a similar recombination rate in male and female meiosis.Prisustvo dva majčinska seta hromozoma u triploidnom endospermu zrna ječma omogućuje razlikovanje hordeinskih traka u elektroforegramu koje potiču od majke i oca: majčinske komponente su jače ispoljene usled dejstva efekta doze gena. U F1 generaciji vidljive su razlike kod recipročnog ukrštanja, a u F2 generaciji je moguće razlikovati svih 16 teoretski očekivanih klasa za par polimorfnih lokusa. Ova potpuna klasifikacija redak je fenomen u genetičkim studijama te zbog toga omogućuje precizniju procenu rekombinacija. Dve grupe hordeinskih gena, Hor1 i Hor2 koji kodiraju C I B hordeine, su analizirane kod hibrida nastalih ukrštanjem dve ozime sorte ječma Partizan i HWV-247. Separacija hordeina je izvršena primenom kisele poliakrilamidne gel elektriforeze pri pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). Set najinformativnijih hordeinskih trajka za B i C hordeine je odabran na osnovu sledećih kriterijuma: (1) prisustvo ili odsustvo trake kod roditelja i (2) jačina signala koja omogućava ocenu efekta doze gena. Prosečna genetička distance između Hor1 i Hor2 lokusa bila je 11 cM. Genetičke distance kod roditeljskih komponenti nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale što sugeriše sličnu distribuciju rekombinacija u obe mejoze

Diallel analysis of grain number per spike in triticale

In this paper the inheritance of grain number per spike in hexaploid (6x) winter triticale was investigated. Studies were performed on primary spikes of parents, F1 and F2 progenies of a 5 x 5 complete diallel crossing with reciprocals. The results highlighted the prevalence of dominance and over-dominance in the expression of this trait at majority of combinations of F1 generation. Significant difference between direct and reciprocal crosses appeared in both generations and in generally with combinations of the most divergent parents. Analysis of variance for combining abilities demonstrated the existence of highly significant values for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and effects of reciprocal crosses (REC). GCA and SCA variations demonstrated similar values, which were for about three times higher than variation caused by reciprocal effects. The best SCA were expressed in generally in combinations of good x average or good x poor GCA of parents

Parametri rodnosti tritikalea na zemljištu tipa vertisol

This paper presents the results of investigation of yield parameters of winter triticale varieties (Favorit, Kg 20 and Trijumf). Varieties were grown on the experimental field of Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac during two seasons on vertisol soil. Variety Kg 20 was achieved the highest average yield in the first year (4.639 t ha-1), while in the second year variety Trijumf (5.669 t ha-1). The average value for 1000 seed weight in both years was highest in variety Favorit (44.0 g) and the smallest in variety Kg 20 (41.1 g). Highly significant effect of year on grain yield and significant on 1000 grain weight was recorded, while for test weight it was not significant.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja parametara rodnosti ozimih sorti tritikalea Favorit, Kg 20 i Trijumf. Sorte su gajene na oglednom polju Centra za strna žita, Kragujevac, tokom dve vegetacione sezone na zemljištu tipa vertisol. Sorta Kg 20 je ostvarila najveći prosečan prinos zrna u prvoj godini istraživanja (4,639 t ha-1), dok je u drugoj godini najveći prinos postigla sorta Trijumf (5,669 t ha-1). Masa 1000 zrna u obe godine istraživanja bila je najveća kod sorte Favorit (44,0 g), a najmanja kod Kg 20 (41,1 g). Utvrđen je statistički vrlo značajan uticaj godine na prinos zrna ispitivanih sorti tritikalea, značajan na masu 1000 zrna, dok uticaj na hektolitarsku masu nije bio značajan.

Diallel analysis of grain number per spike in triticale

In this paper the inheritance of grain number per spike in hexaploid (6x) winter triticale was investigated. Studies were performed on primary spikes of parents, F1 and F2 progenies of a 5 x 5 complete diallel crossing with reciprocals. The results highlighted the prevalence of dominance and over-dominance in the expression of this trait at majority of combinations of F1 generation. Significant difference between direct and reciprocal crosses appeared in both generations and in generally with combinations of the most divergent parents. Analysis of variance for combining abilities demonstrated the existence of highly significant values for general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and effects of reciprocal crosses (REC). GCA and SCA variations demonstrated similar values, which were for about three times higher than variation caused by reciprocal effects. The best SCA were expressed in generally in combinations of good x average or good x poor GCA of parents

Otpornost nekih komercijalnih sorti pšenice prema Tilletia tritici

This paper deals with the resistance of twenty commercial winter wheat cultivars to common bunt causal agent (Tilletia tritici). Significant differences among the cultivars concerning the infection percent were observed, as well as the differences in the level of commercial cultivars' resistance to T. tritici. Most of the studied cultivars belonged to susceptible categories, and just few of them to the resistant ones. Cultivar Lasta was classified as highly resistant during the both investigation years in Kragujevac, while in Leposavić Lasta and Tiha were classified as resistant. The other studied cultivars were more or less susceptible.U radu je prikazana otpornost dvadeset komercijalnih sorti pšenice prema prouzrokovaču glavnice (Tillecia tritici). Utvrđeno je da postoje značajne razlike u procentu infekcije pojedinih sorata, kao i to da je otpornost komercijalnih sorata pšenice prema T. tritici različita. Većina ispitivanih sorata pripadala je osetljivim, a manji broj otpornim kategorijama. Vrlo otporna u obe godine proučavanja u Kragujevcu bila je sorta Lasta, a u lokalitetu Leposavić u kategoriji otpornih bile su sorte Lasta i Tiha. Ostale proučavane sorte su bile manje ili više osetljive

IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATED PROTECTION OF SMALL GRAINS IN INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS IN PRODUCTION

The growing increase of cost of inputs related to crop protection and the increasing competition in the international market contributed to the reduction of competitiveness and proftability of small grain producers from Serbia. Recent researches showed that any single measure of protection of plants, no matter how effcient is not suffcient to achieve complete success. That is why the concept of integrated protection program, which involves the active use of the complex of various measures to prevent the development of diseases and pests and provides for obtaining high, stable and high quality production, with as little as possible costs and pollution of the environment. This makes the whole system sustainable and more competitive as a result of significant reduction of inputs and in particular the need for plant protection. In integrated protection programe, and particularly in the system of organic agriculture, special attention is paid to the thresholds of the harmful effects of diseases, pests and weeds, in order to increase the effciency of their control

Međuzavisnost prinosa zrna i fizioloških parametara efikasnosti ishrane pšenice azotom

This paper deals with interrelationship between grain yield and some physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as well as interrelationships between these parameters and some yield related traits (biological yield, grain harvest index). The aim of such investigation is to affirm possibilities of using physiological parameters of wheat plant nitrogen nutrition efficiency as criterions in breeding on its grain yield. The investigation, conducted as three years field trials, included 30 wheat cultivars and perspective lines. There were studied: nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain, in straw and total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen reutilization, post - anthesis nitrogen accumulation and physiological efficiency of nitrogen. The positive and statistically high significant relationships between nitrogen content in the above - ground part of plant at anthesis, in grain and in straw, total nitrogen content at maturity, nitrogen reutilization and post - anthesis accumulation as physiological parameters and grain yield were registered in investigated material. Most of listed parameters, important by grain yield aspect, can be studied easily and measured before wheat vegetative period ends. The investigated parameters can be recommended as criterions for selecting of parental pairs and evaluating progeny in breeding of wheat on grain yield, considering to their determined interrelationships and their measurability.U radu je razmatrana mogućnost korišćenja fizioloških parametara, koji se odnose na efikasnost ishrane pšenice azotom, kao kriterijuma u oplemenjivanju na prinos zrna, na osnovu njihove međuzavisnosti i uticaja na neke osobine povezane sa prinosom zrna pšenice (biološki prinos, žetveni indeks zrna). Istraživanje je izvedeno kao trogodišnji poljski ogled i uključivalo je 30 sorti i perspektivnih linija pšenice. Od fizioloških parametara proučavani su: sadržaj azota u nadzemnom delu biljke u cvetanju, sadržaj azota u zrnu i slami, ukupni sadržaj azota u zreloj biljci, žetveni indeks azota, reutilizacija i prirast azota i fiziološka efikasnost azota. Utvrđena je pozitivna i statistički visoko značajna korelacija između prinosa zrna i skoro svih ispitivanih fizioloških parametara: sadržaja azota u biljci, u cvetanju, zrnu, slami, ukupnog sadržaja azota u zreloj biljci, reutilizacije i prirasta azota. Imajući to u vidu, kao i njihovu merljivost i jednostavnost u izračunavanju, navedeni fiziološki parametri mogu se preporučiti kao kriterijumi za odabir roditeljskih parova i ocenu potomstava u oplemenjivanju pšenice na prinos zrna

SEED PRODUCTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF KG VARIETIES TO BIODIVERSITY OF SMALL GRAINS IN THE PERIOD 2006-2010.

This paper contains the analysis of seed production of KG varieties of small grains (wheat, barley, triticale, rye and oats) in the period from 2005/06 to 2009/10. year. Particular emphasis is given to analyze the role of KG varieties in improving of small grains biodiversity in Serbia. It should be noted that KG Center, despite the diffculties, makes a signifcant contribution in providing the local market with seed of all important kind of small grains of winter and spring types. It is noticeable the slight increase in the quantity of KG seed produced in this period, with wheat and triticale stagnation. For barley, oats and rye are achieved signifcantly better results in the production and sale of seed. Based on the share of KG varieties in the structure of sowing it is undisputed that KG Center contributed signifcantly to the improvement of biodiversity in the area of small grains, which especially was noticeable in barley, triticale, oats and rye