THE EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC TRAINING ON CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AMONG YOUNG JUDOKAS

ABSTRACT The primary aim of this research was to determine the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance of young judokas during an eight-week specificallydesigned trainingprogram. The research was carried out on a sample of 25 young, highly selected judokas, all members of the extended list of cadet and junior national team members of Serbia, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were included in a specificallydesigned training program which lasted for eight weeks, and represented a combination of highly-intense activities of very short duration, specific strength exercises, the improvement of specific judo techniques and judo matches (randori). The results of the analysis indicated that cardiorespiratory endurance among young judokas after an eight-week specificallydesigned training program had not undergone any statistically significant changes. Furthermore, the value of VO2peakwas somewhat elevated at the final measuring. The explanations for these results can be found in the fact that young judokas were not subjected to a rapid reduction in body weight, and instead through increased intensity of the training load were able to decrease their body fat percentage. In addition, we can justifiably assume that the level of training load, during this specificallydesigned training program, was sufficient for the previously achieved level of cardiorespiratory endurance to be maintained. The results of this research confirm that the basis for daily planning and programming should consist of precisely diagnosed procedures for the evaluation of the characteristics of athletes, since they offer insight into the proper application of training load. Key words: judo, cardiorespiratory endurance, training, adaptation

TWENTY YEARS OF THE FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, SERIES PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT: THE HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The aim of this paper was to use the analysis of all the articles published in the journal Facta Universitatis – series: Physical Education and Sport since it was first published  in 1994, up to 2013 to gain insight into the research methodology used in sport and physical education. For the purpose of this analysis, the authors classified the articles based on various criteria which are considered good methodological indicators (type of article, research design, field of study, characteristics of the sample of participants, measuring instruments, data processing methods). By monitoring the individual methodological characteristics of the research done in sport and physical education, we were able to explain the development of research methodology in this field, as well as the trends of research methodology both in theory and practice, including whether there is a possible imbalance between the number of published articles in various fields of study, what the relationship between the longitudinal and transversal studies is and so on. By gaining insight into the improvements made in the applied testing procedures, study design, choice of participants and methods of statistical data processing in the articles published in the journal Facta Universitatis - series: Physical Education and Sport, we can conclude that our science over the past twenty years has achieved a significant improvement in terms of research methodology

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN KARATE PRACTITIONERS OF VARIED COMPETITION ORIENTATIONS IN SPECIFIC MOTOR TESTS RESULTS

The aim of this  study was to examine the difference between the karate practitioners of the varied competitive orientations in the results of the specific motor tests. The sample consisted of karate practitioners male subjects, aged 12 to 14, who are engaged in a regular training process,  and compete in the current system of competitions in the Karate Federation of Serbia. The study included a total of 79 karate practitioners, out of which 37 contestants in the fighting, 23 contestants in kata and 19 subjects who compete in both disciplines. For the evaluation of the specific motor abilities 6 tests were applied (Gyaku zuki, (GZ), Oi Zuki (OZ), Mae geri, (MG),Kizami-Zuki,  from a guard (KZG), Gyaku zuki from a guard (GZG) and Mawashi-Geri from a guard (MVGG), where the screened candidates selected the representative techniques. The measurement results of the investigated competing groups were statistically analyzed in such a manner enabling obtaining  answers to the set hypothesis. The research results show that the contestants oriented to katas have the worst results in all tests, and that the factor competitive orientation,  was significant for all tests. In addition, a very important finding in the context of the studied problem is the fact that the best results in almost all of the tests were achieved by the subjects  not yet definitely directed towards one discipline and who compete both in katas and kumite. Overall obtained results confirm that there are significant differences in almost all tests, and that these are especially important in the older age groups, based on  which we conclude that the hypothesis on  the existence of the significant differences between the varied  karate competition orientations  in the results of the specific motor tests,  is confirmed completel

Changes in the muscular outputs of young judoists during resistance exercises performed on unstable equipment: A case study

Background and Study Aim: Resistance exercises under unstable conditions have gained popularity among athletes. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in muscular outputs (peak power and velocity of movement) during bench presses and squats under unstable conditions in comparison to the outputs under stable conditions. Material/Methods: A total of 20 participants, divided into two groups, took part in the study The first group consisted of 9 top-level young male judoists, while the second group consisted of 11 students. All of the exercises were performed once 70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) was determined. Results: The analysis showed a significant reduction in muscular outputs during squats under unstable conditions (the BOSU ball) in comparison to stable conditions for the group of judoists. However, there was no significant reduction in muscular outputs during the bench presses under unstable conditions (the Swiss ball) compared to the stable flat bench. For the group of students, the analysis showed a significant reduction in muscular outputs during the bench press under unstable conditions when compared to the stable flat bench. In addition, for this group the muscular outputs were significantly lower during squats under unstable in comparison to stable conditions. Conclusions: The bench press as a resistance exercise performed on a Swiss ball with reduced training load cannot be recommended as an effective training model for judoists. Nevertheless, the squat with reduced training load under unstable conditions provided sufficient challenges to the neuromuscular system and could be incorporated into training programs. © ARCHIVES OF BUDO|SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS