Thomas Schlesser. L’Art face à la censure ; Censures : les violences du sens

La somme consacrée au « combat sans fin pour la liberté artistique » que nous propose le jeune historien de l’art, Thomas Schlesser, est une gageure paradoxale, car si la censure s’exerce et fonctionne, elle ne laisse pas de trace. S’attaquer à cinq siècles d’interdits et de résistances en 230 pages est une tâche immense et complexe dont l’auteur veut s’acquitter avec efficacité, d’où le recours à un langage journalistique accrocheur et à une instrumentalisation un peu forcée des images. Schl..

Intracellular Trafficking Considerations in the Development of Natural Ligand-Drug Molecular Conjugates for Cancer

Overexpressed receptors, characteristic of many cancers, have been targeted by various researchers to achieve a more specific treatment for cancer. A common approach is to use the natural ligand for the overexpressed receptor as a cancer-targeting agent which can deliver a chemically or genetically conjugated toxic molecule. However, it has been found that the therapeutic efficacy of such ligand-drug molecular conjugates can be limited, since they naturally follow the intracellular trafficking pathways of the endogenous ligands. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the intracellular trafficking properties of these ligands can lead to novel design criteria for engineering ligands to be more effective drug carriers. This review presents a few commonly used ligand/receptor systems where intracellular trafficking considerations can potentially improve the therapeutic efficacy of the ligand-drug molecular conjugates

Patrice Carré : Les yeux, la bouche et les oreilles

Besacier examines Carré's artistic career which comprises prosaic objects plotting the learned breakdown of geometry and music; Miloux analyses the artist's nomadic peregrinations preoccupied with kinesthetic and polysensory effects born out of his sound and visual productions. Biographical notes. 23 bibl. ref

The association of the cytoplasmic domains of interleukin 4 receptor alpha and interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 regulates interleukin 4 signaling

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13), key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease, mediate their effects via a receptor composed of IL-13R?1 and IL-4R?. A third (decoy) receptor called IL-13R?2 regulates interleukin signaling through this receptor complex. We employed a variety of biophysical and cell-based techniques to decipher the role of this decoy receptor in mediating IL-4 signaling though the IL-4R?–IL-13R?1 receptor complex. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that IL-13R?2 does not bind IL-4, and does not affect binding of IL-4 to IL-4R?. These results indicate that the extracellular domains of IL-4R? and IL-13R?2 are not involved in the regulation of IL-4 signaling by IL-13R?2. We next used a two-hybrid system to show that the cytoplasmic domains of IL-4R? and IL-13R?2 interact, and that the secondary structure of the IL-13R?2 intracellular domain is critical for this interaction. The cellular relevance of this interaction was next investigated. BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells that stably express full length IL-13R?2, or IL-13R?2 lacking its cytoplasmic domain, were established. Over expression of IL-13R?2 attenuated IL-4 and IL-13 mediated STAT6 phosphorylation. IL-13R?2 lacking its cytoplasmic domain continued to attenuate IL-13-mediated signaling, but had no effect on IL-4-mediated STAT6 signaling. Our results suggest that the physical interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of IL-13R?2 and IL-4R? regulates IL-4 signaling through the IL-4R?–IL-13R?1 receptor complex.<br/