Williams contextualism as a critique of epistemological realism

Although Williams’ contextual thesis is above all a critique of one way of interpreting contextualism in epistemology, viz., simple conversational contextualisam, I will argue that this thesis has also been a very successful means for the critique of a standpoint on which that interpretation, and the entire traditional epistemology rests - epistemological realism. Accordingly, in spite of certain weaknesses in Williams’ position pointed out by his critiques, in this paper I will try to show that, by interpreting the problem of scepticism as first and foremost a methodological necessity of epistemological realism, Williams succeeds in offering an enlightening diagnosis of the sceptical paradox problem which is at the centre of epistemology traditionally construed

Holistic and conceptual character of the mental in Donald Davidson’s work

In this paper, we will try to confront Quine’s and Davidson’s holistic position through Davidson’s thesis of the mental as a non-ontological category. In this regard, since Davidson came to this position through the thesis of the mental as a decidedly conceptual category, we will try to show how this approach does not, nevertheless, rule out the possibility of its interpretation in ontological terms. However, in what follows we will draw attention to the fact that the mental can be interpreted so that it proves to be immune to ontologizing in Quine’s sense. This would be the evidence of different ways, which are not necessarily compatible, to argue for Davidson’s central thesis - the thesis about holistic character of the mental - as well as, which is closely related, a certain difference that exists between Davidson’s view of the mental as a conceptual category on the one hand, and a holistic category on the other

Differences between Quine's and Gibson's interpretations of the naturalized epistemology project: Consequences of Gibson's naturalism

In this paper we will try to show the differences between Quine’s and Gibson’s interpretation of the naturalized epistemology project. Namely, although Gibson points out that the genetic approach advocated by Quine is the best strategy there is to investigate the relations between evidence and theory, and that externalizing of empiricism that it requires is one of Quine’s major philosophical contributions, we argue that the assumptions on which Gibson’s project is based, apart from the fact that they are in conflict with some strongly held intuitions, would have to be essentially different from Quine’s. In other words, contrary to Quine’s position within which we have the possibility of staying on more moderate, and in our opinion, more plausible behavioristic line of approach, we will try to show that one of the consequences of Gibson’s interpretation is that this possibility is ruled out in Gibson’s case. On the other hand, this should enable us to draw some more radical conclusions about the nature of Quine’s epistemological project

Demokratisierung durch äußeres Engagement am Fallbeispiel Chile

Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wollte ich, den Verlauf der politischen Ereignisse in Chile in der Periode 1970 – 1990 darzustellen. Die vorwiegende Absicht der Arbeit war, eine Analyse des chilenischen Übergangsprozesses zur Demokratie durchzuführen, sowie das Phänomen des Zusammenhangs der diktatorialen Vergangenheit mit der demokratischen Tradition des chilenischen Staates zu analysieren. In der Arbeit werden verschiedene Faktoren der chilenischen Transitionsgesellschaft analysiert. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in den Perioden um die Jahre 1973 und 1988, wobei die Zeitspanne vor dem Putsch 1973 sowie die Zeit der Diktatur als zusätzliche Erklärungsfelder des Phänomens des chilenischen Falles dienen. Mit Berücksichtigung zweier wissenschaftlicher Konzepte, des Engagement-Konzeptes und der neokonservativen These „Beseitigung des Tyrannen“ habe ich die Arbeit theoretisch erläutert. Das Konzept der Arbeit legt eine Akteuren- und Politikfeldanalyse dar. Sie untersucht das Politikfed von Internationalen Politik. Unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen geht es in diesem um die politische Inhalte eines Staates innerhalb bestimmter Zeitabschnitte. Der Fokus wird auf die Analyse dieser politischen Inhalte gelegt. Es wird von der Hauptthese ausgegen, wie sich das politische Handeln und die daraus resultierenden politischen Inhalte auf dem Feld der Internationalen Politik durch den chilenischen Putsch unter gewisen Rahmenbedingungen geäußert haben

On non-inferential structure of perceptual judgment

This paper deals with Peirce’s understanding of perceptual judgment, relating it to the conditions for the use of language defined by Michael Dummett. Namely, drawing on Dummett’s requirement for harmony between descriptive and evaluative aspects of our linguistic practice, we will try to give an interpretation of Peirce’s view of perception that implies rejecting the idea that the formation of a perceptual judgment has an inferential structure. On the other hand, since it is, in Peirce’s opinion, the structure of abductive inference, this approach should enable us to draw some conclusions related to abduction in general

Metaphysical structures and holism: Reply to Schaffer

This paper deals with Schaffer’s distinction between metaphysical structures, as well as his appeal for revival of neo-Aristotelian approaches that imply ordered structure, based on the criticism of Quine’s method that, in his view, implies flat metaphysical structure. However, although we believe that Schaffer’s distinction between metaphysical structures is an interesting and, basically, acceptable view, we will try to show that Schaffer’s arguments are not convincing enough to persuade us to abandon Quine’s method and adopt the Aristotelian metaphysical model. Moreover, when mistakes that Schaffer makes are corrected and Quine’s method is given due attention, we will see that this can enable us a more tenable interpretation of the concepts that Schaffer speaks of (metaphysical structures), but also – as in his case – to draw certain conclusions that go beyond objectives of classification as such

Uticaj fiksnih i kontinuelnih ambijentalnih faktora na proizvodnju 4% mast-korigovanog mleka u prve tri laktacije kod krava simentalske rase

The effect of paragenetic factors on 4% FCM yield in complete and standard lactations was studied in 241 Simmental cows. Farm, lactation number, birth season, calving season, their interactions and age at first conception were evaluated for their effect on the trait. The mathematical and statistical analysis of the data obtained, i.e. least square means, standard error, analysis of variance and coefficient determination, were calculated using the General Linear Model procedure. The effects of farm, lactation group and year of birth on the trait were very highly significant (P 0.05) on the production of 4% FCM, either in whole or in standard lactations. The interaction between birth season, calving season and year of birth was variable and ranged from insignificant to very significant. Age at first conception produced a significant (P0.05) effect on 4% FCM yield in complete and standard (bxy=0.693ns) lactations, respectively.Uticaj paragenetskih faktora na proizvodnju 4%MKM u celim i standardnim laktacijama ispitivan je na uzorku od 241 krave simentalske rase. Na ispoljenost ove osobine ispitivan je uticaj farme, broja laktacija, sezone rođenja i telenja, njihovih interakcija i uzrasta pri prvoj oplodnji. Matematičko-statistička analiza podataka, odnosno sve potrebne veličine, kao što su sredine najmanjih kvadrata, standardne greške, analiza varijanse i koeficijenti determinacije izračunate su u programskoj proceduri Opšti linearni model (GLM procedura). Uticaj farme, grupe laktacija i godine rođenja na ispoljenost ove osobine bio je vrlo visoko značajan (P0.05) na proizvodnju 4%MKM kako u celim tako i standardnim laktacijama. Uticaj interakcije između sezone rođenja,, sezone telenja i godine rođenja bio je varjabilan, i kretao se od nesignifikantnog do vrlo značajnog. Uzrast pri prvoj oplodnji statistički značajno (P0.05). Koeficijenta determinacije (R2) bio je vrlo visoko značajan (p<0.001) i kretao se od 0.623 kod proizvodnje 4%MKM u celim do 0.652 kod proizvodnje 4%MKM u standardnim laktacijama

Fenotipska ispoljenost i varijabilnost životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti

An analysis of the phenotypic exposure and variability of lifetime milk production and milk fat and the content of milk fat of lifetime milk production was performed in 241 cows of Simental race distributed in three breeding areas (Čačak n = 67, Zlatibor n = 123 and Rudno n = 51). Descriptive statistical analysis found that the average lifetime milk production and milk fat in all three breeding areas was 16081 and 627.2 kg with a variability of about 40%. The average number of lactations during the productive life of cows was 3.73 and ranged from 4.31 in the area of Čačak to 3.45 in the Rudna area. The variability was high and on average it was about 35%, which resulted from a wide variation interval ranging from only 3 to 10 lactation per head. The average content of lifetime productions milk fat was 3.91%. The content of milk fat of lifetime milk production, unlike milk production of milk and milk fat, is more influenced by genetic factors, which is why it is characterized by a very low variability of only 2.30%.Analiza fenotipske ispoljenosti i varijabilnosti životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti i sadržaja mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka sprovedena je kod 241 krave simentalske rase raspoređenih na tri odgajivačka područja (Čačak n=67, Zlatibor n=123 i Rudno n=51). Deskriptivnom statističkom analizom ustanovljeno je da je prosečna životna proizvodnja mleka i mlečne masti na sva tri odgajivačka područja iznosila 16081 i 627,2 kg sa varijabilnošću od oko 40%. Prosečan broj laktacija u toku produktivnog života krava iznosio je 3,73 i kretao se od 4,31 na području Čačka do 3,45 na području Rudna. Varijabilnost je bila visoka i u proseku je iznosila oko 35%, što je posledica širokog intervala varijacije koji se kretao od svega 3 pa do 10 laktacija po grlu. Prosečan sadržaj mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka iznosio je 3,91%. Sadržaj mlečne masti životne proizvodnje mleka, za razliku od životne proizvodnje mleka i mlečne masti,više je pod uticajem genetskih faktora zbog čega se odlikuje dosta niskom varijabilnošću od svega 2,30%

Uticaj paragenetskih faktora na intenzitet plodnosti kod krava simentalske rase

In scientific literature, fertility is generally assessed through age at first conception, gestation length, length of service period, calving interval, and calf birth weight. Determination of the effect of particular non-genetic factors on the above traits is a vital step in cattle breeding and reproduction. Length of calving interval is largely governed by the effect of non-genetic factors, viz. fixed effects generally including the effect of breeding region, season of birth, calving season, year of birth, calf sex and their interactions, and continuous or regression effects including age at first conception or age at calving. The effect of fixed and continuous non-genetic factors on length of calving period was analysed in 245 Simmental cows (907 calving interval) in three breeding regions, with the effect of season of birth as a fixed factor and cow age at first conception as a continuous factor being highly significant (P 0.05).U literaturi plodnost se najčešće posmatra preko uzrasta pri prvoj oplodnji, trajanja bremenitosti, servis perioda, intervala između telenja i mase teladi pri rođenju. Determinisanje uticaja pojedinih sistematskih faktora na pomenute osobine od velike je važnosti u procesu odgajivanja i reprodukcije goveda. Dužina intervala između telenja definisana je najvećim delom dejstvom paragenetskih faktora, od kojih kao fiksni uticaji najčešće se pominju uticaj odgajivačkog područja, sezone rođenja i telenja, godine rođenja, pola teladi i njihove interakcije, a od kontinuelnih ili regresijskih uzrast krava pri prvoj oplodnji ili telenju. Analiza uticaja fiksnih i kontinuiranih negenetskih faktora na dužinu odnosno trajanje intervala između telenja izvršena je kod 245 krava (907 međutelidbenih intervala) simentalske rase raspoređenih na tri odgajivačka područja pri čemu je uticaj sezone rođenja kao fiksnog i uzrasta krava pri prvoj oplodnji kao kontinuiranog faktora bio visoko značajan (P0.05)