240 research outputs found

    RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND GLOBALISATION

    Get PDF
    Autor u ovome clanku proucava stav Ruske pravoslavne crkve prema globalizacijskim procesima. Analizirajuci odnos pravoslavlja prema globalizaciji, otkriva da postoji snažan otpor prema tom druÅ”tvenom procesu, ali i prema samoj ideji poniÅ”tavanja autohtonih naroda, njihovih kultura i tradicionalnih vrijednosti. Predvodnici kritickog promiÅ”ljanja globalizacije jesu Ruska pravoslavna crkva i Grcka pravoslavna crkva. Ostale pravoslavne Crkve, osobito one na Balkanu, Srpska, Bugarska, Rumunjska, kojima se mogu pridodati joÅ” neke, uglavnom Å”ute o tom problemu, jer su vec potpale pod utjecaj i kontrolu globalista. Alternativa globalizaciji idejno je osmiÅ”ljena i ona se vidi u pokuÅ”aju ujedinjavanja pravoslavnih naroda i država, najprije Rusije, Ukrajine, Bjelorusije i kavkaskih naroda, a potom i balkanskih pravoslavaca, u jednu državnu zajednicu. Premda je ideja o ā€œIstocnom savezuā€ prilicno stara, njezina operacionalizacija imala je slabu podlogu. Sve se uglavnom zavrÅ”ava na deklarativnoj razini. Ta ideja me%u balkanskim pravoslavcima, a osobito me%u Srbima, nailazi na dodatne poteÅ”koce jer se svako njezino spominjanje shvaca kao hereza, i izaziva opcu osudu medija pod kontrolom globalista.In this article the author studies the attitude of Russian Orthodox Church towards globalisation processes. Analysing the relation of Orthodoxy to globalisation, the author finds out that there is a strong resistance to this social process, even to the idea of deleting the autochthonous nations, their cultures and traditional values. The leaders of the critical reflection of globalisation are the Russian Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church. Other Orthodox Churches, particularly those in the Balkans ā€“ Serbian, Bulgarian, Rumanian, which could be accompanied by some others ā€“ more or less keep silent on this issue, because they have already come under the influence and control of globalists. An alternative to globalisation has been conceptually worked out and it can be seen in trying to unite the Orthodox nations and states into one state, first of all to unite Russia, the Ukraine, Byelorussia and Caucasian peoples, and then the Balkan Orthodox Christians. Although the idea of the ā€œEastern Unionā€ has been pretty old, its operationalisation has had a weak basis. All comes to an end on a declarative level. The mentioned idea among the Balkan Orthodox Christians, especially among the Serbs, has some additional difficulties, because a mere mention of it is understood as a heresy which meets with a general condemnation of media that are under the globalistsā€™ control

    NEW GOVERNMENT POLICY OF RUSSIA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ON RELIGIOUS SECTS

    Get PDF
    Ruska Federacija, ali i niz europskih država započele su svojevrsnu reviziju pogleda na djelovanje netradicionalnih, inozemnih religijskih organizacija, u narodu poznatih pod nazivom sekte. U Ruskoj je Federaciji zabranjen rad sekte Aum Å inrikjo (Aum Shinrikyo), a u gradu Moskvi djelatnost Jehovinih svjedoka. U Francuskoj su zabranjeni Red Sunčeva hrama i tzv. Scijentistička crkva, dok Italija prati i kontrolira rad okultnih religioznih organizacija. Ovim novim koracima zajednička je spoznaja da neke religiozne organizacije (sekte) pridonose destabilizaciji druÅ”tva, pojačanom kriminalu i narkomaniji, te promjeni kulturnog obrasca i nacionalnog miÅ”ljenja, kao i političkoj destabilizaciji druÅ”tva i države. Povrh toga, veća se pozornost pridaje zlostavljanju djece i obitelji te nepoÅ”tivanju zakona o radu.The Russian Federation, and also a number of European countries, has started a sort of revision of attitude towards the activity of non-traditional, foreign religious organizations, known as sects. The work of ā€œAum Shinrikyoā€ sect is forbidden in the Russian Federation, as well as the activity of ā€œJehovahā€™s Witnessesā€ in Moscow. In France ā€œThe Order of Sunā€™s Templeā€ and the so called Scientology Church are forbidden, while in Italy the work of the occult religious organizations is observed and controlled. What these new measures have in common is the awareness that some religious organizations (sects) contribute to the destabilization of society; they raise the rate of crime and drug abuse, change the cultural pattern and national opinion and contribute to the societyā€™s and countryā€™s political destabilization. Furthermore, attention is paid to the abuse of children and family and also to the non-compliance with the Labour Law

    NEW GOVERNMENT POLICY OF RUSSIA AND SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ON RELIGIOUS SECTS

    Get PDF
    Ruska Federacija, ali i niz europskih država započele su svojevrsnu reviziju pogleda na djelovanje netradicionalnih, inozemnih religijskih organizacija, u narodu poznatih pod nazivom sekte. U Ruskoj je Federaciji zabranjen rad sekte Aum Å inrikjo (Aum Shinrikyo), a u gradu Moskvi djelatnost Jehovinih svjedoka. U Francuskoj su zabranjeni Red Sunčeva hrama i tzv. Scijentistička crkva, dok Italija prati i kontrolira rad okultnih religioznih organizacija. Ovim novim koracima zajednička je spoznaja da neke religiozne organizacije (sekte) pridonose destabilizaciji druÅ”tva, pojačanom kriminalu i narkomaniji, te promjeni kulturnog obrasca i nacionalnog miÅ”ljenja, kao i političkoj destabilizaciji druÅ”tva i države. Povrh toga, veća se pozornost pridaje zlostavljanju djece i obitelji te nepoÅ”tivanju zakona o radu.The Russian Federation, and also a number of European countries, has started a sort of revision of attitude towards the activity of non-traditional, foreign religious organizations, known as sects. The work of ā€œAum Shinrikyoā€ sect is forbidden in the Russian Federation, as well as the activity of ā€œJehovahā€™s Witnessesā€ in Moscow. In France ā€œThe Order of Sunā€™s Templeā€ and the so called Scientology Church are forbidden, while in Italy the work of the occult religious organizations is observed and controlled. What these new measures have in common is the awareness that some religious organizations (sects) contribute to the destabilization of society; they raise the rate of crime and drug abuse, change the cultural pattern and national opinion and contribute to the societyā€™s and countryā€™s political destabilization. Furthermore, attention is paid to the abuse of children and family and also to the non-compliance with the Labour Law

    Prinos sorti krompira različitih grupa zrenja gajenih na tri lokacije i kvalitet krtola tokom skladiŔtenja

    Get PDF
    Two-year field trials (2001-2002) were conducted with aim to investigate the effect of growing site and maturity group of ten potato cultivars on yielding and changing of tuber quality during long-term storage. The biggest number of tubers per plant and highest mean tuber weight were obtained in Čačak, what gave the highest yields in both seasons; the lowest values were obtained in Guča. Favourable soil characteristics had more important role than weather conditions on potato field performance. Early cultivars gave the smallest number of tubers per plant and highest mean tuber weight, while opposite to this was recorded in mid-late to late cultivars (ML-L). The share of tubers >55 mm was consistently high in early cultivars. ML-L maturity group gave the highest yields at all sites and the highest initial tubers dry matter (DM), >20% in 2001 and >21% in 2002, while it was lt 20% in early cultivars overall experiment. Constant increase in DM content and decrease in starch content in tubers DM was recorded after two-month and seven-month storage under conditions with ventilation system without control of humidity. The effect of site on tuber DM was significant at mid-early to mid-late (ME-ML) and ML-L in 2002, when it was the highest in tubers originated from Sombre; there was no effect on starch content. Presented study showed that high yields can be achieved by growing potato cultivars of different maturity groups and Čačak has been shown to be the site with good agro ecological conditions; ME-ML (with exemption of cv. Condor) and ML-L groups gave the highest yields of tubers with DM content sufficient for processing for French fry and chips.DvogodiÅ”nja istraživanja (2001-2002) su izvođena sa ciljem da se prouči uticaj lokacija (Sombor, Čačak, Guča) na kojima je gajen krompir i grupe ranostasnosti deset sorti na prinos i promene kvaliteta krtola tokom viÅ”emesečnog skladiÅ”tenja. Najveći broj krtola po biljci i najveća prosečna masa krtola zabeleženi su u Čačku, Å”to je dalo i najviÅ”e prinose u obe godine istraživanja, dok su najmanje vrednosti zabeležene u Guči. Povoljne osobine zemljiÅ”ta u Čačku imale su značajniju ulogu nego klimatski uslovi na porast i prinosnost krompira. Ranostasne sorte su dale najmanji broj krtola po biljci i najveću prosečnu masu krtola, dok su suprotni rezultati zabeleženi kod srednje-kasnih do kasnih sorti. Najveći udeo krtola kod kojih je najveća dužina >55 mm bio je konzistentno visok kod ranostasnih sorti. Na sve tri lokacije najveći prinos zabeležen je kod srednje-kasnih do kasnih sorti, kao i sadržaj suve materije (SM) na početku skladiÅ”tenja (>20% u 2001, >21% u 2002), dok je kod ranostasnih bila lt 20% na nivou celog eksperimenta. Nakon dva i sedam meseci skladiÅ”tenja sa ventilacijom i bez kontrolisane vlažnosti, zabeleženo je kontinuirano povećanje SM i smanjenje sadržaja skroba u suvoj materiji krtole. Uticaj lokacije na kojoj je gajen krompir bio je značajan 2002. godine, u okviru srednje-ranih do srednje-kasnih i srednje-kasnih do kasnih sorti, kada je najveći sadržaj SM zabeležen kod krtola biljaka gajenih u Somboru; uticaj na sadržaj skroba nije bio značajan. Razultati prikazanih istraživanja pokazali su da se gajenjem sorti sa različitom dužinom vegetacionog perioda na različitim lokacijama mogu postići visoki prinosi, a među njima Čačak ima agroekoloÅ”ke uslove koji najviÅ”e pogodiju proizvodnji krompira. Gajenjem srednje-ranih do srednje kasnih sorti (sa izuzetkom sorte Kondor) i srednje-kasnih do kasnih sorti postižu se najveći prinosi sa odgovarajućim sadržajem SM potrebnom za preradu u pomfrit i čips

    Proizvodnja i potrebe za predosnovnim sadnim materijalom krompira u Republici Srbiji i Republici Srpskoj

    Get PDF
    Pre-basic seed potato material is used for basic seed (elite) and certified seed potato production. At this moment all basic seed material is imported into Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska, despite the fact that the method of in vitro tissue culture production of virus-free seed potato has been developed in both countries and there is a continuous demand for pre-basic and basic seed potato. Current total production is significantly lower than actual requirements. In the 80s and 90s of the previous century two modern facilities for production of virus-free seed potato and certified seed were built in Sokolac (Republic of Srpska) and Guča (Republic of Serbia). Although facilities were well-equipped, seed potato production was permanently ceased in 2000. The presence of high infection pressure dominated by potato virus Y is shown in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. This paper gives an overview of pre-basic seed potato material production in both countries over the last two decades.Predosnovni sadni materijal su zdrave krtole koje služe za proizvodnju osnovnog sadnog materijala krompira (elita), a na bazi toga i certifikovanog sadnog materijala krompira. Iako u Republici Srbiji i Republici Srpskoj postoje stalne potrebe za pred-osnovnim i osnovnim semenskim krompirom, kao i dva centra za njegovu proizvodnju, osnovni sadni materijal (elita) se uvozi iz Holandije i drugih zemalja zapadne Evrope. Potrebe za pred-osnovnim odnosno osnovnim sadnim materijalom (elita) su znatno veće nego Å”to je trenutna potroÅ”nja. Osamdesetih i devedesetih godina proÅ”log veka osnovana su dva savremena centra u Sokolcu (Republika Srpska) i u Guči (Republika Srbija) sa ciljem proizvodnje pred-osnovnog semenskog krompira, odnosno elite i certifikovanog sadnog materijala. Iako su oba centra bila dobro opremljena, proizvodnja bezvirusnog krompira je trajno obustavljena. U radu je dat pregled dosadaÅ”njih istraživanja o proizvodnji pred-osnovnog sadnog materijala krompira, uz pokuÅ”aj pronalaženja odgovora na pitanje zaÅ”to je proizvodnja u ovim zemljama ugaÅ”ena

    Karotidna angioplastika s cerebralnom zaŔtitom

    Get PDF
    Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is widely used in the management of high grade carotid stenosis. It is a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia and is suitable only for lesions located at or close to the carotid bifurcation. It has complications, including stroke, death, cranial nerve palsies, wound hematoma and cardiac complications. The risk of complications is increased in patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis following CEA, in subjects undergoing radiotherapy to the neck, and in the presence of cardiopulmonary disease. The drawbacks of CEA have led physicians to search for alternative treatment options. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is less invasive than CEA. The method is particularly suitable for the treatment of recurrent stenosis after previous CEA and distal internal artery stenosis, which is inaccessible for CEA. CAS does not cause cranial nerve palsies. Moreover, it does not require general anesthesia and carries a lower morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease. The complications of CAS include stroke due to distal embolization of a plaque or thrombus dislodged during the procedure, abrupt vessel occlusion due to thrombosis, dissection or vasospasm, and restenosis due to intimal hyperplasia. CAS is a relatively new procedure and it is essential to establish its efficacy and safety before it is introduced widely into clinical practice. In Slovenia, we have also started with carotid angioplasty by the study Slovenian Carotid Angioplasty Study (SCAS). According to our initial experience in 17 patients, CAS could gain more importance in stroke prevention with proper selection of patients with brain ischemia and improved cerebral protection during the procedure.Karotidna endarterektomija (CEA) u Å”irokoj je uporabi pri liječenju karotidne stenoze visokog stupnja. KirurÅ”ki zahvat obavlja se u općoj anesteziji, a primjenjuje se samo pri oÅ”tećenjima na račviÅ”tu karotide ili u njegovoj neposrednoj blizini. Komplikacije koje se mogu pojaviti obuhvaćaju moždani udar, smrt, paralizu kranijskih živaca, hematom na mjestu rane i srčane komplikacije. Rizik komplikacija povećan je u bolesnika s recidivirajućom stenozom karotidne arterije nakon CEA, u bolesnika u kojih je primijenjena radioterapija u području vrata te u bolesnika s kardiopulmonalnom bolesti. Nedostatci CEA potaknuli su liječnike da potraže alternativne načine liječenja. Karotidna angioplastika uz postavljanje stenta (CAS) manje je invazivna metoda od CEA. Ona je poglavito prikladna za liječenje recidivirajućih stenoza nakon prethodne CEA te za liječenje stenoze distalnog dijela unutarnje karotidne arterije koja je nedostupna za CEA. CAS ne uzrokuje paralizu kranijskih živaca. Usto, nije nužna opća anestezija, a u bolesnika s teÅ”kom kardiopulmonalnom bolesti pobol i smrtnost su manji. U komplikacije CAS pripadaju moždani udar zbog distalne embolizacije plaka ili odvajanja tromba tijekom postupka, nagla okluzija krvne žile zbog tromboze, disekcija ili vazospazam te ponovna stenoza zbog hiperplazije intime. CAS je razmjerno nov postupak, pa je nužno utvrditi njegovu djelotvornost i sigurnost prije nego Å”to se uvede u Å”iroku kliničku uporabu. U Sloveniji smo započeli s istraživanjem karotidne angioplastike u okviru projekta ā€œSlovenian Carotid Angioplasty Study (SCAS)ā€. Prema naÅ”im prvim iskustvima u 17 bolesnika, CAS bi se mogao pokazati važnim u prevenciji moždanog udara, uz dobar odabir bolesnika s moždanom ishemijom i uz bolju cerebralnu zaÅ”titu tijekom postupka

    Usporedba stupnjevanja stenoze karotida CT angiografijom i Dopplerovim ultrazvukom: kako primijenjene statističke metode utječu na rezultat

    Get PDF
    In this study, we compared the measurement of carotid stenosis by computed tomography angiography (CTA) based on the narrowest diameter versus cross sectional area (CSA) with the measurement by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) as a reference standard, and analyzed how the application of different statistical methods affected the result. On 113 carotid arteries with ā‰„50% stenosis, we quantified the level of correlation among the three measurements, sensitivity, specificity, and differences in the estimated stenosis level. Correlation between both CTA measurements was good with Pearsonā€™s Ļ between 0.87 and 0.91 (p<0.001). Correlation between CDUS and CTA measurements was only modest with Pearsonā€™s Ļ between 0.2 (p=0.075) and 0.4 (p=0,007) for CDUS CTA (CSA), and between 0.23 (p=0.062) and 0.39 (p=0.008) for CDUS CTA (diameter). Differences in stenosis between CTA (CSA) and CDUS were centered around 0%, and between CTA (diameter) and CDUS around 20%. Sensitivity and specificity for CTA (CSA) method were 81% and 77%, and for CTA (diameter) 23% and 100%, respectively. A good correlation between CSA and diameter measurement just means that these are two related features of stenosis, it does not mean good agreement. CTA (CSA) method better detected surgical stenoses, whereas CTA (diameter) systematically underestimated stenosis level. The study of differences between the measurements indicated agreement better than the calculation of correlation coefficients.U studiji smo usporedili mjerenje stenoze karotida CT angiografijom (CTA) bazirano na najužem promjeru ili povrÅ”ini presjeka žile s mjerenjem kolor dopler ultrazvukom (CDUS) kao referentnim standardom i analizirali kako primjena različitih statističkih metoda utječe na rezultat. Za 113 karotidnih arterija sa stenozom ā‰„50% odredili smo stupanj korelacije između tri načina mjerenja, osjetljivost, specifičnost te razlike u procijenjenom stupnju stenoze. Korelacija između oba CTA mjerenja bila je dobra s Pearsonovim Ļ između 0,87 i 0,91 (p<0,001). Korelacija između CDUS i CTA mjerenja bila je skromna s Pearsonovim Ļ između 0,2 (p=0,075) i 0,4 (p=0,007) za CDUS CTA (povrÅ”ina) te između 0,23 (p=0,062) i 0,39 (p=0,008) za CDUS CTA (promjer). Razlike u izmjerenoj stenozi između CTA (povrÅ”ina) i CDUS bile su centrirane oko 0%, između CTA (promjer) i CDUS oko 20%. Osjetljivost i specifičnost za metodu CTA (povrÅ”ina) bile su 81% i 77%, a za metodu CTA (promjer) 23% i 100%. Dobra korelacija između mjerenja baziranog na povrÅ”ini ili promjeru samo znači da su promjer i povrÅ”ina presjeka žile dvije povezane značajke stenoze, no ne znači i dobro slaganje među metodama. Metoda CTA (povrÅ”ina) je bolje otkrivala kirurÅ”ke stenoze, dok je metoda CTA (promjer) sustavno podcjenjivala stupanj stenoze. Studija razlika između stenoza dobivenih pojedinom metodom mjerenja bolje pokazuje slaganje među metodama nego izračun koeficijenata korelacije

    Karotidna angioplastika s cerebralnom zaŔtitom

    Get PDF
    Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is widely used in the management of high grade carotid stenosis. It is a surgical procedure requiring general anesthesia and is suitable only for lesions located at or close to the carotid bifurcation. It has complications, including stroke, death, cranial nerve palsies, wound hematoma and cardiac complications. The risk of complications is increased in patients with recurrent carotid artery stenosis following CEA, in subjects undergoing radiotherapy to the neck, and in the presence of cardiopulmonary disease. The drawbacks of CEA have led physicians to search for alternative treatment options. Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is less invasive than CEA. The method is particularly suitable for the treatment of recurrent stenosis after previous CEA and distal internal artery stenosis, which is inaccessible for CEA. CAS does not cause cranial nerve palsies. Moreover, it does not require general anesthesia and carries a lower morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease. The complications of CAS include stroke due to distal embolization of a plaque or thrombus dislodged during the procedure, abrupt vessel occlusion due to thrombosis, dissection or vasospasm, and restenosis due to intimal hyperplasia. CAS is a relatively new procedure and it is essential to establish its efficacy and safety before it is introduced widely into clinical practice. In Slovenia, we have also started with carotid angioplasty by the study Slovenian Carotid Angioplasty Study (SCAS). According to our initial experience in 17 patients, CAS could gain more importance in stroke prevention with proper selection of patients with brain ischemia and improved cerebral protection during the procedure.Karotidna endarterektomija (CEA) u Å”irokoj je uporabi pri liječenju karotidne stenoze visokog stupnja. KirurÅ”ki zahvat obavlja se u općoj anesteziji, a primjenjuje se samo pri oÅ”tećenjima na račviÅ”tu karotide ili u njegovoj neposrednoj blizini. Komplikacije koje se mogu pojaviti obuhvaćaju moždani udar, smrt, paralizu kranijskih živaca, hematom na mjestu rane i srčane komplikacije. Rizik komplikacija povećan je u bolesnika s recidivirajućom stenozom karotidne arterije nakon CEA, u bolesnika u kojih je primijenjena radioterapija u području vrata te u bolesnika s kardiopulmonalnom bolesti. Nedostatci CEA potaknuli su liječnike da potraže alternativne načine liječenja. Karotidna angioplastika uz postavljanje stenta (CAS) manje je invazivna metoda od CEA. Ona je poglavito prikladna za liječenje recidivirajućih stenoza nakon prethodne CEA te za liječenje stenoze distalnog dijela unutarnje karotidne arterije koja je nedostupna za CEA. CAS ne uzrokuje paralizu kranijskih živaca. Usto, nije nužna opća anestezija, a u bolesnika s teÅ”kom kardiopulmonalnom bolesti pobol i smrtnost su manji. U komplikacije CAS pripadaju moždani udar zbog distalne embolizacije plaka ili odvajanja tromba tijekom postupka, nagla okluzija krvne žile zbog tromboze, disekcija ili vazospazam te ponovna stenoza zbog hiperplazije intime. CAS je razmjerno nov postupak, pa je nužno utvrditi njegovu djelotvornost i sigurnost prije nego Å”to se uvede u Å”iroku kliničku uporabu. U Sloveniji smo započeli s istraživanjem karotidne angioplastike u okviru projekta ā€œSlovenian Carotid Angioplasty Study (SCAS)ā€. Prema naÅ”im prvim iskustvima u 17 bolesnika, CAS bi se mogao pokazati važnim u prevenciji moždanog udara, uz dobar odabir bolesnika s moždanom ishemijom i uz bolju cerebralnu zaÅ”titu tijekom postupka

    Procena rizika u zaŔtiti lica, imovine i poslovanja - opasnosti od protivpravnog delovanja i nepostojanja adekvatne normativne regulative

    Get PDF
    The article deals with legal dimensions of the process of identification, classification and assessment of risks in the domain of protection of persons, property and business affairs. The author provides various arguments in favor of introducing the normative level into the risk analysis and assessment process, and highlights the significance and possibilities of using legal regulations as an instrument for achieving the risk management objectives. Special emphasis is put on the importance of internal organization regulations (so-called autonomous law) as an instrument of regulating the measures and procedures in the domain of private security and of establishing an integrated system of legal protection against risks for persons, property and business affairs of the organization. The author's analysis results in setting up the criteria for creating a unique classification of risks, which are predominantly of a legal character. Having established a legal risks typology, the author discusses the risks of illegal behavior of external and internal subjects and points to the possibilities of their identification and categorization. The paper also focuses on the importance of having the knowledge of legal regulations and their implementation in the risk assessment phase, and in particular addresses the issue of criminal liability of legal entities as a special kind of risk resulting from illegal acts of responsible persons and employees.Članak je posvećen razmatranju pravne dimenzije procesa identifikovanja, klasifikacije i ocene rizika u domenu zaÅ”tite lica, imovine i poslovanja. Autor iznosi tezu o potrebi uvođenja normativne ravni u procese analize i procene rizika i raspravlja o značaju i mogućnostima instrumentalizacije pravnih normi za ostvarivanje ciljeva menadžmenta rizika. Naročita pažnja pridaje se važnosti interne organizacijske regulative (tzv. autonomno pravo) kao sredstva za normativizaciju mera i procedura u domenu privatnog obezbeđenja i konstituisanje integrisanog sistema pravne zaÅ”tite od rizika po bezbednost, imovinu i poslovanje organizacije. Rezultat autorove analize je postavljanje kriterijuma za stvaranje jedinstvene klasifikacije rizika, koji imaju pretežno pravni karakter. Nakon uspostavljanja tipologije pravnih rizika, autor raspravlja o rizicima od protiv-pravnog delovanja eksternih i internih subjekata i ukazuje na mogućnosti njihovog identifikovanja i kategorizacije. U radu se razmatra i značaj poznavanja i implementacije pravnih propisa u fazi procene rizika, a posebna pažnja posvećena je problemu odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela, kao specifičnoj vrsti rizika nastaloj delovanjem odgovornih lica i zaposlenih?

    Kriminalitet korporacija - kriminoloŔki i kulturoloŔki aspekti

    Get PDF
    The process of economic transition in Serbia has highlighted the problem of socially responsible behavior of corporations and especially the growing phenomenon of corporate crime. The consequences of corporate wrongdoing are almost everywhere and cannot be overseen. The most tremendous ones are those related to human casualties, environmental disasters, long-term negative health effects and great material budget losses on local and state levels. The fact that corporations are profiting from criminal activity which causes enormous damage to society and individuals makes public policy makers face the ultimate choice - either to devise new effective measures for reducing and controlling this phenomenon or to retain the standard model of crime control, in accordance with the principles of classical criminal law. The first choice would require one of the pillars of criminal law - the principle of individual and subjective guilt of physical persons as the exclusive grounds for imposing criminal liability - to be either modified and widened in order to be used as a base for imposing corporate criminal liability or partially changed by new criminal law categories which would introduce different grounds for imposing criminal liability on an organization. The second choice would require the decision-makers to refuse to change old and well-established principles. The criminal reality, however, has made most legislatures in Europe and around the world choose the first option and introduce different forms of corporate criminal liability. Serbian criminal legislation has been headed in the same direction since 2008, when it was changed in order to enable the imposing of liability for criminal acts on corporations. However, although corporate criminal liability is becoming the European legislative standard, one question remains - Is this the only measure of criminal politics which can be used as a means of reducing and preventing corporate crime? The authors analyze criminological, cultural and other aspects of corporate crime and point to some potentially positive effects of measures based on the understanding of the characteristics and functioning of contemporary corporations. The first part of the article highlights the concept and features of corporate crime and suggests a broad criminological definition which encompasses its numerous aspects. The authors then focus on cultural aspects of corporate crime and the role of corporate culture type in choosing the criminal behavior as a way of gaining profit. In the second part, the authors examine the concept of internal corporate security culture and analyze basic models of corporate criminal liability and their relation to the concept of corporate security culture.Privatizacija i dolazak stranog kapitala na naÅ”e tržiÅ”te su potencirali značaj druÅ”tveno odgovornog ponaÅ”anja privrednih druÅ”tava, ali i rastućeg fenomena korporacijskog kriminala. TeÅ”ke posledice krivičnih dela privrednih druÅ”tava i drugih pravnih lica se očituju u ljudskim žrtvama, uniÅ”tavanju životne sredine, dugotrajnim negativnim efektima po zdravlje celih generacija i materijalnim gubicima po druga preduzeća, državne i lokalne budžete i pojedince, uz istovremen vrtoglav rast nezakonito stečenih profita korporacija - kriminalaca. Činjenica da se korporacije bogate i to u ogromnoj meri, upravo zahvaljujući kriminalnim aktima koji proizvode strahovitu Å”tetu druÅ”tvu i pojedincima, nametnula je zakonodavcima moralni imperativ - ne dozvoliti dalje nezakonito i nemoralno jačanje ekonomske moći korporacija koje ne poÅ”tuju pravne propise i običaje fer poslovanja, pa ni osnovne etičke norme. Srpski zakonodavac je krenuo putem brojnih evropskih zakonodavstava koja su u poslednjih nekoliko decenija odustala od strogog poÅ”tovanja srednjovekovne maksime societas delinquere non potest. Ipak, postavlja se pitanje da li je uvođenje zakonskih normi o odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela jedina mera kriminalne politike koja se može preduzeti kako bi se redukovao fenomen kriminaliteta korporacija. Autori analiziraju bezbednosne i kulturoloÅ”ke aspekte kriminaliteta korporacija i ukazuju na potencijalne korisne efekte kriminalnopolitičkih mera zasnovanih na razumevanju karakteristika i načina funkcionisanja savremenih korporacija
    • ā€¦
    corecore