Interdependence of Transport and Tourism

The shuttle service in tourism depends on physical accessibility of a destination, on movement within the destination and the transport itself. In today’s world, transport is not just the act of getting to a wanted destination. Moreover, travelling by a certain vehicle can be a tourist attraction, if the transportation means is designed to arouse the feeling of joy and excitement. The purpose of the study is to define the basic determinants of transport and transport infrastructure, and also to explore the role of transport in the development of tourism. The aim is to point out the interdependence of transport and tourism, considering that the development of transport infrastructure has encouraged the development of mass tourism. The authors analyse the importance of transport infrastructure and the quality of transportation means when it comes to choosing a destination for a tourist trip. In order to evaluate the role of transport in the sustainable development of tourism, experts analyse forms of transport which are a tourist attraction by themselves, and provide an overview of certain forms of transport

Metode transformacije i određivanja genetičkih modifikacija kod ratarskih i povrtarskih biljaka

Genetically modified (GM) plants are organisms to which a gene or genes from unrelated species are introduced using methods of genetic engineering. The process of introducing genes into unrelated species and getting them to function is known as 'genetic transformation'. Although there are many variations on the plant transformation topic, the main methods used include direct introduction of DNA into genomic DNA and the use of bacterial species (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) to deliver the gene of interest into the host plant. Genetically modified plants have become an integral part of agricultural production, and increasingly commercialized GM plant species are available now (soybean, maize, potato, tomato, oil rape, cotton etc.). Since some of them are suspected of affecting human health, testing of GMO prescribed by a law regulative has become obligatory in most countries. GMO can be detected on the basis of differences between non-modified and transgenic plants, which can be on the level of DNA, proteins, or on the basis of newly obtained characteristics. The commonest method used to analyze proteins of transgenic plants is ELISA test, based on the use of specific antibodies for the protein in question. The methods based on DNA analysis use the reaction of chain polymerization of DNA (PCR) and can be divided into: the qualitative one - used for determination of the presence of genetic modifications, and the quantitative one - revealing GMO percentage (competitive PCR and Real Time).Genetički modifikovani organizmi (GMO) su organizmi u koje je unesen gen ili geni iz nesrodnih vrsta metodama genetičkog inženjeringa (transformacije). Postroje različite metode tranformacija. Najveći broj GM biljaka nastao je direktnim unošenjem dela DNK u genom (direktne transformacije) ili pomoću bakterije Agrobacterium tumefaciens, koja ima sposobnost prenosa DNK u biljnu ćeliju (transformacija putem Agrobakterijuma). Genetski modifikovane biljke su postale sastavni deo poljoprivredne proizvodnje i sve je više GM biljnih vrsta koje su komercijalno dostupne (soja, kukuruz, krompir, paradajz, uljana repica i dr.). Kako je dokazano da neke od njih mogu uticati na ljudsko zdravlje u većini zemalja je obaveza testiranja GMO propisana zakonskom regulativom. GMO se mogu detektovati na osnovu razlika između nemodifikovane i transgene biljke, koje mogu biti na nivou DNK, proteina ili na osnovu novostečene karakteristike. Najčešće korišćena metoda za analizu proteina transgenih biljaka je ELISA test koji se zasniva na korišćenju specifičnih antitela za protein od interesa. Metode zasnovane na analizi DNK su bazirane na reakciji lančane polimerizacije DNK (PCR) i mogu se podeliti na: kvalitativne, kojima se određuje da li su prisustvo genetske modifikacije i kvantitivne, koje pokazuju procenat GMO (kompetitivni PCR i Real Time)

Stavovi nastavnika srednjih škola o inkluziji učenika sa smetnjama u razvoju

Појам инклзивног образовања подразумева образовање за све, без обзира на врсту и степен ометености. Данас је концепт инклузивног образовања прихваћен у свим развијеним земљама и у већини друштава у транзицији. Инклузивно образовање је углавном прихваћено и унашој стручно-педагошкој и широј јавности, и Законски је регулисано. Истиче се да наставници као кључни актери у систему образовања својим позитивним ставовима значајно доприносе успешности инклузије, па је циљ рада био да испита ставове профеосора у две стручне школе и гимназији у Ваљеву. Узорак је формиран од укупно 90 професора, за потребе истраживање коришћен је СИНКЛ 2 упитник. Резултати показују да професори у стручниим школама имају позитивније ставове према инклузији у односу на настанике у гимназији. Затим да наставници са најдужим радним стажом имају далеко позитивније ставове према инклузији за разлику од својих млаћих колега. Поређењем професора који су имали искуства у раду са децом са сметњама у развоју и оних који нису, видимо да ту нема зачајнијих разлика.The term of inclusive education implies education for all, regardless of type and degree of disability. Today, the concept of inclusive education is accepted in all developed countries and in large number of transition societies. Inclusive education is mostly accepted in our professional and pedagogical and general public, and it is legal regulated. It is emphasized that teachers like key players in the education system with their positive attitudes significantly contribute to the success of inclusion, and the goal was to test attitude of teachers in 2 vocational scools and gymnasium in Valjevo city. Specimen is form of 90 professors using Sinkl 2 Questionnaire for this research. Professors in vocational schools have more positive attitudes towards inclusive education compared to professors in gymnasium. Furthermore, professors with more experience has more positive attitudes towards inclusive education unlike their younger and less experience colleagues. By comparing the professors that had experience in working with children with disabilities and those who had not, conclusion is that is no significant differences

Karakterizacija sorti pasulja na osnovu proteinskih markera

The biochemical marker phaseolin and isozymes were used in this work to display the variation of common bean germ plasma. Fifteen bean genotypes of different origin i. e. selections were studied. From 8 analyzed enzymic systems, enzymes MDH, SKDH, ME and IDH were polymorphic, while there were no differences in zymograms for enzymes PGM, PHI, PGD, and ADH. Analysis of phaseolin revealed two types: S and T. The S type of phaseolin was found in most of analyzed genotypes (9). Phaseolin type T was found in varieties of Novi Sad selection: Zlatko, Sremac and Aster, domestic population Žuto-zeleni Stepanovićevo and Jovandeka, Croatian variety Slavonski žuto-zeleni. Those varieties were developed from domestic populations from north-west region of Balkan, Slavonia, and Vojvodina.U radu je proučeno 15 sorti pasulja različitog porekla i selekcija, iz banke gena Zavoda za povrtarstvo Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Analizirano je 8 enzimskih sistema i rezervni protein fazeolin. Različite alelne varijante nađene su za enzime: MDH, ME, SKDH i IDH. Većina analiziranih genotipova (9) ima S tip fazeolina. Sorte novosadske selekcije: Zlatko, Sremac i Aster, domaće populacije Žuto zeleni Stepanovićevo i Jovandeka, hrvatska sorta Slavonski žuto-zeleni imaju T tip fazeolina. Novosadske sorte su nastale izborom iz domaćih populacija iz severozapadnog područja Balkana, Slavonije i Vojvodine. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno je da se u procesu stvaranja novih sorti u klimatskim uslovima naše zemlje i regiona koristila germplazme iz Srednje i iz Južne Amerike. Po prvi put su izvršene analize i karakterizacije sorti Zavoda za povrtarstvo Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, na proteinskom nivou. Rezultati polimorfizma fazeolina i izoenzima predstavljaju dobru polaznu osnovu za dalja istraživanja banke gena pasulja i primenu molekularnih markera

Somatostatin acts by inhibiting pituitary TSH cells in female rats

The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered synthetic somatostatins (SRIH-14 and SRIH-28) on pituitary TSH cells of adult female rats were studied. The animals were i.c.v. injected with three 1.0 μg (5 μ1) doses of SRIH-14 or SRIH-28 every second day and sacrificed five days after the last dose. The controls received an equivalent volume of saline in the same manner according to the same schedule. The pituitary glands were excised and used for immunohistochemical and morphometric evaluation. The results obtained demonstrated a somatostatin-related decrease in relative pituitary weight. The morphometric analyzes showed decreased volumetric density of TSH-immunoreactive cells in SRIH-treated groups, but this difference was more expressed in SRIH-14- treated animals than in those receiving SRIH-28. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that centrally administered somatostatins inhibit TSH cells.Ispitivani su efekti intracerebroventrikularno (i.c.v.) injiciranih sintetičkih somatostatina (SRIH-14 i SRIH-28) na hipofizne TSH ćelije adultnih ženki pacova. Životinje su i.c.v. injicirane satri doze od po 1 μg SRIH-14 ili -28 rastvorenog u 5 pi fiziološkog rastvora svaki drugi dan, a žrtvovane 5 dana posle poslednje injekcije. Kontrole su tretirane odgovarajućom dozom fiziološkog rastvora. Hipofize su izolovane i pripremljene za imunocitohemijska i morfometrijska ispitivanja. Oba somatostatina izazivaju smanjenje relativne težine hipofize. Morfometrijska analiza pokazuje da je u obe tretirane grupe životinja volumenska gustina TSH-imunoreaktivnih ćelija smanjena te razlike su značajnije izražene u grupi životinja tretiranih sa SRIH-14 u odnosu na one tretirane sa SRIH-28. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da centralno aplikovani somatostatini inhibiraju TSH ćelije hipofize.nul

Biodiverzitet i osnovni aspekti njegovog održanja

Biodiversity, or diversity of plant resources in agriculture, is a biological basis of global food providing, directly or indirectly. Biodiversity implies diversity of genetic material contained in traditional and contemporary newly created genotypes. Mentioned resources could be the basis for the creation of new cultivars through conventional crossbreeding process or application of biotechnology. Plant resources include both wild relatives and other wild plant species that could be used as an energy source, for pharmaceutical purposes and as a source of beneficial genes. Genetic material is a reservoir of genetic adaptability that can prove to be a buffer against potentially harmful external or economic changes, regardless of the purpose and technology used. Erosion of plant resources could have serious and long-term effect on food supply.Biodiverzitet, ili raznolikost u biljnim resursima u poljoprivredi, je biološka osnova obezbeđenja sveta hranom, direktno ili indirektno. Biodiverzitet podrazumeva diverzitet genetičkog materijala sadržanog u tradi-cionalnim i u novostvorenim savremenim genotipovima. Pomenuti resursi mogu biti osnova za stvaranje novih sorti kroz proces konvencionalnog ukrštanja ili primenom biotehnologije. Biljni resursi podrazumevaju i divlje srodnike i druge divlje biljne vrste koje mogu da se koriste kao izvor energije, u farmaceutske svrhe, kao izvor poželjnih gena. Bez obzira za koju svrhu i koja tehnologija se koristi genetički materijal je rezervoar genetičke adaptabilnosti koji može da se pokaže kao pufer protiv potencijalno štetnih spoljašnjih ili ekonomskih promena. Erozija biljnih resursa može da ima ozbiljan i dugoročan uticaj na snabdevanje hranom