Providing More Effective and Efficient Casino RFPs

The proliferation of gaming has required governmental entities to become more efficient in the selection of new gaming operators. The Request for Proposal (RFP) process has become the accepted method for selecting operators in new jurisdictions. However, the development of this process has been, and continues to be, evolving; more recent RFPs have learned from the mistakes made in earlier ones. The authors discuss how to make the RFP process more effective and efficient by analyzing the mistakes made in previous RFPs. They provide recommendations on how to structure the initial RFP and about what information should be contained in all RFPs

Using Tax Return Data to Simulate Corporate Marginal Tax Rates

We document that simulated corporate marginal tax rates based on financial statement data (Shevlin 1990 and Graham 1996a) are highly correlated with simulated rates based on corporate tax return data. We provide algorithms that can be used to estimate the book or tax simulated rates when they are not available. We find that the simulated book marginal tax rate does a better job of explaining financial statement debt ratios than does the analogous tax return variable and discuss how the book simulated rate is likely to be an appropriate measure in settings with global, long-term considerations.

Toward Student Development Of A Better Understanding Of The Cash Flow Statement

FASB Statement No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows has now been in existence for more than ten years (since 1988) and yet, there still has not been any consensus about how to effectively evaluate information provided from this statement. Accounting educators should be the primary personnel for disseminating the necessary information for understanding the cash flow statement as well as for providing the analytical tools for evaluating the cash flow information.  Carslaw and Mills (1992) provided a preliminary study that examined the intermediate textbooks to determine what the authors were providing in terms of analytical tools for evaluating cash flow information. The study concluded that while all the textbook authors point out that the cash flow statement should be used to evaluate liquidity and financial flexibility, none provided analytical tools for evaluation. The Carslaw and Mills article then provided a series of suggested ratios that they felt might provide a foundation for analyzing cash flow information.  This paper is a follow-up of the prior study. We reviewed the information in the current intermediate accounting texts that provides a basis for the evaluation of the cash flow statement. Our conclusion is that, while some authors have attempted to provide better measures of cash flow information, ten years later, there is still no common consensus among authors on providing the necessary tools for properly analyzing cash flow information

Silver City: A Case Study

The Silver City Case is designed for an advanced accounting or MBA class and provides students with the opportunity to analyze relevant information extracted from different types of business entities. These range from publicly traded corporations to non-corporate and/or non-public entities. Students are required to make a decision on the viability of a bid on a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a sports facility construction project. The primary objective is to provide a foundation for the evaluation of complex business entities. This requires the dismantling of the business structure to the point that it can be analyzed on an individual entity basis. The achievement of this objective requires students to understand the type of financial information that can be derived from each of the different entities as well as determining the reliability of such information. Furthermore, the case offers opportunities to discuss underlying guarantees that keep the business structures together

Juvenile Life Without Parole in Law and Practice: Chronicling the Rapid Change Underway

This Article provides a comprehensive examination of juvenile life without parole (\u27 LWOP ) both as a policy and in practice. Beginning in 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly held that the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution restricts the reach of JLWOP sentences, first prohibiting it for non-homicide offenses, then proscribing its mandatory application for any offense, and, in 2016, clarifying that it may only be imposed in the rare instance in which a juvenile\u27s homicide demonstrates his or her irreparable corruption. The legislative responses to these cases have been to either abandon or restrict JLWOP\u27s application. These legislative changes undo aspects of the rapid expansion of harsh juvenile sentencing policies enacted across the country starting in the early-1990s and represent a trend away from using JLWOP sentences. By analyzing JL WOP sentencing data from state departments of corrections, this Article includes three significant findings. First, among juveniles arrested for homicide, African American youth receive JLWOP sentences twice as often as their white counterparts. Second, a small number of counties are responsible for all JLWOP sentences nationally and in large disproportion to their population. Third, JLWOP sentencing dramatically increased during the same time period that states were enacting harsh juvenile sentencing laws-laws that are now falling out of favor. The Article offers potential reasons for these observations, but further study is required to fully explain the disparities in JLWOP sentencing practices. Such study is warranted because each observation raises substantial questions about the wisdom and constitutionality of JLWOP sentences, given the U.S. Supreme Court\u27s increased interest in restricting its application

A Preliminary Study of the Activated Sludge Process

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Non cell autonomous upregulation of CDKN2 transcription linked to progression of chronic hepatitis C disease

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection (C-HC) is associated with higher mortality arising from hepatic and extrahepatic disease. This may be due to accelerated biological aging; however, studies in C-HC have thus far been based solely on telomere length as a biomarker of aging (BoA). In this study, we have evaluated CDKN2 locus transcripts as alternative BoAs in C-HC. Our results suggest that C-HC induces non-cell-autonomous senescence and accelerates biological aging. The CDKN2 locus may provide a link between C-HC and increased susceptibility to age-associated diseases and provides novel biomarkers for assessing its impact on aging processes in man