Deepening students' understanding of multiplication and division by exploring divisibility by nine

This paper explores how a focus on understanding divisibility rules can be used to help deepen students’ understanding of multiplication and division with whole numbers. It is based on research with seven Year 7–8 teachers who were observed teaching a group of students a rule for divisibility by nine. As part of the lesson, students were shown a way of proving why the divisibility rule for nine works, using materials grouped in tens and hundreds. After the lesson, students’ understanding of multiplication and division was considerably deepened

Alternative Dispute Resolution in International Intellectual Property Disputes

Published in cooperation with the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolutio

Conference connections: identity, ideology and institutions in the congress of black women of canada (cbwc), 1973-2003

The Congress of Black Women of Canada (CBWC) is a social movement organization that has represented the interests of black women in this country for more than three decades at both the national and local level. While black Canadian feminist scholars have started to explore women's organizations, the CBWC's organizing efforts is missing from the feminist record. This study seeks to redress this gap by using an integrative black Canadian feminist synthetic and interpretive organizational model of movements to document the CBWC's identities, ideologies and institutions between 1973 and 2003. Focusing on its activities, this study uses organizational documents and semi-structured interviews with 22 organizational leaders and 5 rank-and-file members to analyze the CBWC's campaigns concerning discrimination, sexism, education, youth, immigration and the woman's movement. Given the CBWC's focus on black women and their families, understanding how its members used their identities, ideologies and institutions as critical categories to interpret their experiences is a particular concern. To this end, this study argues that the categories of identities, ideologies and institutions shapes the women's sense of themselves as mothers, activists, professionals and the CBWC's work against oppression. More importantly, at the heart of the CBWC's struggles for securing equality and social justice lay issues of great importance related to community development and social change. The data confirm four key findings. First, the conferences of the CBWC are mechanisms or vehicles for establishing the priorities for empowerment and authentic community engagement. In actual and symbolic terms the conferences seek to establish the priorities of identities, institutions and ideologies. Second, the findings indicate that identities are shaped by institutions. That is, black Canadian women's consciousness is influenced by the family, community organizations and their own respective woman's movement. Third, the findfogs show that institutions mediate the impact of ideologies on identities. Institutionalization is the objectification of the ideological, in terms of both its content and emotion, providing a place for the projection of the collective through the manifold, ever changing interpenetrations of culture and consciousness. By formalizing representations ambiguity becomes attenuated. Moreover, institutionalizing a movement affirms and extends the ability of members to self express and self- actualize. Indeed, institutions are particular ways of structuring and articulating experience. As this study argues, an institution is linked to ideologies. The institution becomes just as ideological as identity. Fourth, this study demonstrates that the relationship between identities and ideologies is filtered through organizational structures. As the organization becomes more institutionalized with formal rules, divisions of hierarchy, specialization of tasks, the movement is perceived as more embedded. Although the original mission and vision are still in place, the focus on that which brings black feminists into the organization is gradually attenuated. In time, this situation presents itself as an opportunity to reposition and return the movement to its base. Therefore, this work addresses a critical gap in the literature on black Canadian women's organizations

The mathematical content knowledge and attitudes of New Zealand pre-service primary teachers

This paper presents data on the mathematical content knowledge and attitudes of pre-service primary teacher education students. The assessment consisted of nine tasks, including 2-digit computations and proportional reasoning. Students rated their liking for mathematics at three time points: primary, secondary, .and when assessed. Fewer than half the students liked mathematics, currently. Those with positive attitudes tended to perform well on mathematics tasks, but some low scorers were positive and some high' scorers were negative about mathematics. Most students used algorithmic procedures to solve problems and several consistent misconceptions were identified. Performance was noticeably poor on adding common fractions and converting fractions to percentages using knowledge of common factors. The implications of these findings for Initial Teacher Education (ITE) providers are presented

I can thrive!: Fostering well-being in adolescent girls via the unified approach

With the rise of positive psychology as a subfield of psychology, there has been increased focus and attention on the construct of well-being. Unfortunately, lack of agreement regarding the ultimate goal of positive psychology has contributed to fragmentation within the field of psychology. Thus, literature on well-being has not been integrated into a broad model for understanding psychology and human nature, as is the case with much psychological research. Connecting such research to a deep theoretical and philosophical model is important with a construct like well-being, as it is a complicated and central construct for the field, for both practitioners and researchers. There were two main objectives of the current project. The first was to develop a coherent conceptualization of well-being in adolescent females using Henriques’ (2011) unified theory/unified approach (UT/UA). The second objective was to use UT/UA to design a theoretically-informed program to enhance well-being in that population. To address these objectives, this project offers a theoretical review of the literature relevant for developing a comprehensive, unified system for conceptualizing adolescent well-being, as well as an example of how this theoretical framework can be applied to the design of a pilot intervention program. The value is both in demonstrating the feasibility of this new comprehensive approach to conceptualizing human well-being for young girls, as well as in offering a demonstration of the application of this conceptualization in an applied study targeting the promotion of well-being. The implications and limitations of the current project are also discussed

Does the Theory of Planned Behavior Predict Intentions to Seek Help for Suicidality?

The purpose of the current project is to relate disparate lines of research on suicide prevention and help-seeking using Azjen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB). Two studies examined college students’ beliefs about help-seeking for emotional problems. In Study 1, 37 undergraduates responded to open-ended questions about a variety of help-seeking behaviors. These responses were categorized. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each category. In Study 2, 143 undergraduates completed two mental health inventories and a TpB survey constructed by the experimenter. A model containing the three TpB predictor variables—attitudes (M = 15.29, SD = 3.57), perceived social norms (M = 12.38, SD = 3.69), and perceived behavioral control (M = 18.04, SD = 2.84)—predicted a statistically significant portion of the variance in participants’ intentions to use campus mental health services, R² = .60, F (9, 96) = 15.79, p \u3c.001. Attitudes (β= 0.75, t = 5.34, p \u3c.001 ), perceived social norms (β = 0.28, t = 2.16, p =.034), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.38, t = 2.58, p =.011) were strongly related to intentions to use campus mental health services even when causal factors previously identified in the literature were controlled for statistically. This research has implications for campus suicide prevention

Case Study on Effective Communication Through Email To Augment Face-To-Face Interaction in the Workforce

The presented study focused on the type of information workers receive from mangers and the work circumstances in which face-to-face contact is critical or work circumstances in which email is critical. Interviews were conducted with 24 office workers in a bank. Office workers identified work situations involving Human Resource confidential issues as being a critical face-to-face communication situation. Office workers also identified times involving security (safety) issues when it was critical to receive information through email. Implications of this study indicate organizations need to utilize both face-to-face and electronic communication. Managers must determine the content of the message to be sent to workers and then determine the most productive mode of communication. Does the message contain private or sensitive information or is the message about updates or policy? Evaluating the different modes of communication, determining the type of information that is communicated to workers and communicating with workers using the appropriate mode will impact organizations in the future

A multiscale analysis of deformation mechanisms near grain boundaries

Understanding and harnessing the influence of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of materials requires that we acquire data on the length scales of the grain boundary network. This has given rise to in situ imaging and spectroscopy techniques to measure grain orientations and strain distributions. It is difficult to apply these techniques to quantify the behavior of grain boundaries at elevated temperature for two reasons: (i) complexity of the experimental set-up and (ii) grain boundaries not only imparts strength and resistance to deformation, but also contribute creep deformation by grain boundary sliding mechanisms. An empirical model has been developed that correlates creep rates and grain boundary sliding; it is hypothesized that introducing grain boundary serrations reduces the grain boundary sliding mechanisms and thereby reduces creep rates. This presentation will discuss how mesoscale electron backscatter diffraction measurements of grain orientations have been coupled with 2D, in situ, full-field deformation measurements and ex situ, grid offset measurements to quantify the grain boundary strain accumulation and grain boundary sliding mechanisms. These measurements provide insight into the validity of the empirical model assumptions. Analysis of these coupled measurements was conducted on two nickel-based super alloys tested at constant stress and elevated temperature conditions (creep). The two materials had the same chemical composition and were processed to have similar microstructural architectures (grain size, twin fraction, particle size) but each material exhibited either microscopically planar or serrated high-angle grain boundaries. The analysis of the mesoscale data indicates that the introduction of microscopic serrations reduces the susceptibility of microstructure to experience grain boundary sliding but does not eliminate the activation of this mechanism. The coupled mesoscale measurements also enable a site-specific multiscale approach to quantifying structure–deformation mechanism relationships using transmission electron microscopy, and 3D microstructural quantification using serial sectioning and micro-Laue diffraction. These multiscale techniques have been applied to the super alloy with microscopically planar grain boundaries. They indicate that the tendency of grain boundaries to either accumulate deformation or transmit strain by grain boundary sliding is likely an inter-relationship between crystalline disorientation, active dislocation mechanisms, proximity of the local grain boundary network, and the nanoscale serrations of the grain boundaries

Feminist Geopolitics: Material States

No abstract available