2,371 research outputs found
Looking back to see the future: building nuclear power plants in Europe
The so-called ‘nuclear renaissance’ in Europe is promulgated by the execution of two large engineering projects involving the construction of two European Pressurized Reactors (EPRs) in Flamanville, France and Olkiluoto in Finland. As both projects have faced budget overruns and delays, this paper analyses their governance and history to derive lessons useful for the construction of future projects. Analysis indicates that the reasons for these poor outcomes are: overoptimistic estimations, first-of-a-kind (FOAK) issues and undervaluation of regulation requirements. These pitfalls have the potential to impact on many other engineering construction projects and highlight fruitful areas of further research into project performance
System modelling for Rankine Cycle waste heat recovery from a spark ignition engine
Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 1-4 July, 2007.The Rankine Cycle can be used to convert low grade heat, including the dual heat sources of a spark ignition engine, into useful energy. To maximise the shaft power output, by optimising the capture of waste heat, requires detailed consideration of the cycle thermodynamics. A spreadsheet model for each proposed Rankine Cycle configuration has been developed and the results verified by comparison with a standard industry process engineering software package. The spreadsheet model results may be more reliable because the thermodynamic data are based on real data rather than equations of state. Comparisons of the proposed cycles are given for hexane as the working fluid.cs201
Reaction-diffusion systems and nonlinear waves
The authors investigate the solution of a nonlinear reaction-diffusion
equation connected with nonlinear waves. The equation discussed is more general
than the one discussed recently by Manne, Hurd, and Kenkre (2000). The results
are presented in a compact and elegant form in terms of Mittag-Leffler
functions and generalized Mittag-Leffler functions, which are suitable for
numerical computation. The importance of the derived results lies in the fact
that numerous results on fractional reaction, fractional diffusion, anomalous
diffusion problems, and fractional telegraph equations scattered in the
literature can be derived, as special cases, of the results investigated in
this article.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, corrected typo
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Battery energy storage systems life cycle costs case studies
This report presents a comparison of life cycle costs between battery energy storage systems and alternative mature technologies that could serve the same utility-scale applications. Two of the battery energy storage systems presented in this report are located on the supply side, providing spinning reserve and system stability benefits. These systems are compared with the alternative technologies of oil-fired combustion turbines and diesel generators. The other two battery energy storage systems are located on the demand side for use in power quality applications. These are compared with available uninterruptible power supply technologies
Solution of generalized fractional reaction-diffusion equations
This paper deals with the investigation of a closed form solution of a
generalized fractional reaction-diffusion equation. The solution of the
proposed problem is developed in a compact form in terms of the H-function by
the application of direct and inverse Laplace and Fourier transforms.
Fractional order moments and the asymptotic expansion of the solution are also
obtained.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, corrected typo
Isospin Response of the 4-He Continuum
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY 87-1440
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Retained gas sampler interim safety assessment
This safety assessment addresses the proposed action to install, operate, and remove a Retained Gas Sampler (RGS) in Tank 101-SY at Hanford. Purpose of the RGS is to help characterize the gas species retained in the tank waste; the information will be used to refine models that predict the gas-producing behavior of the waste tank. The RGS will take samples of the tank from top to bottom; these samples will be analyzed for gas constituents. The proposed action is required as part of an evaluation of mitigation concepts for eliminating episodic gas releases that result in high hydrogen concentrations in the tank dome space
The toxbox: specific DNA sequence requirements for activation of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes by ToxT
The Gram-negative, curved rod Vibrio cholerae causes the severe diarrhoeal disease cholera. The two major virulence factors produced by V. cholerae during infection are the cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Transcription of the genes encoding both CT and the components of the TCP is directly activated by ToxT, a transcription factor in the AraC/XylS family. ToxT binds upstream of the ctxAB genes, encoding CT, and upstream of tcpA , the first gene in a large operon encoding the components of the TCP. The DNA sequences upstream of ctxAB and tcpA that contain ToxT binding sites do not have any significant similarity other than being AT-rich. Extensive site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the region upstream of tcpA previously shown to be protected by ToxT, and we identified specific base pairs important for activation of tcpA transcription by ToxT. This genetic approach was complemented by copper-phenanthroline footprinting experiments that showed protection by ToxT of the base pairs identified as most important for transcription activation in the mutagenesis experiments. Based on this new information and on previous work, we propose the presence of a ToxT-binding motif – the ‘toxbox’– in promoters regulated by ToxT. At tcpA , two toxbox elements are present in a direct repeat configuration and both are required for activation of transcription by ToxT. The identity of only a few of the base pairs within the toxbox is important for activation by ToxT, and we term these the core toxbox elements. Lastly, we examined ToxT binding to a mutant having 5 bp inserted between the two toxboxes at tcpA and found that occupancy of both binding sites is retained regardless of the positions of the binding sites relative to each other on the face of the DNA. This suggests that ToxT binds independently as a monomer to each toxbox in the tcpA direct repeat, in accordance with what we observed previously with the inverted repeat ToxT sites between acfA and acfD .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75755/1/j.1365-2958.2006.05053.x.pd
Further constraints on electron acceleration in solar noise storms
We reexamine the energetics of nonthermal electron acceleration in solar
noise storms. A new result is obtained for the minimum nonthermal electron
number density required to produce a Langmuir wave population of sufficient
intensity to power the noise storm emission. We combine this constraint with
the stochastic electron acceleration formalism developed by Subramanian &
Becker (2005) to derive a rigorous estimate for the efficiency of the overall
noise storm emission process, beginning with nonthermal electron acceleration
and culminating in the observed radiation. We also calculate separate
efficiencies for the electron acceleration -- Langmuir wave generation stage
and the Langmuir wave -- noise storm production stage. In addition, we obtain a
new theoretical estimate for the energy density of the Langmuir waves in noise
storm continuum sources.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physic
A Statistical Mechanical Problem in Schwarzschild Spacetime
We use Fermi coordinates to calculate the canonical partition function for an
ideal gas in a circular geodesic orbit in Schwarzschild spacetime. To test the
validity of the results we prove theorems for limiting cases. We recover the
Newtonian gas law subject only to tidal forces in the Newtonian limit.
Additionally we recover the special relativistic gas law as the radius of the
orbit increases to infinity. We also discuss how the method can be extended to
the non ideal gas case.Comment: Corrected an equation misprint, added four references, and brief
comments on the system's center of mass and the thermodynamic limi
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