Pengalaman Kegagalan Pada Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan

Situasi sukses dan kegagalan merupakan reperesentasi dari keinginan dan tujuan hidup yang ingin dicapai, perbedaan harapan antara laki-laki dan perempuan akan membuat perbedaan kegagalan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengalaman kegagalan pada remaja. Penelitian ini mensurvei 605 (laki-laki : 217, perempuan : 388) orang remaja di tiga perguruan tinggi berbeda di Pekanbaru, dengan menggunakan questioner (pertanyaan) terbuka. Subjek diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan “pengalaman kegagalan apa yang paling menyakitkan dalam hidup?”, dikembangkan oleh Kim dan Park (2006). Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan Indigenous psychology, dengan kategorisasi, frekuensi, dan cross tabulasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada lima pengalaman kegagalan pada remaja, yaitu: akademik (48,1%), harapan (17%), hubungan personal (15,9), kompetisi (10,4%), manajemen diri (3,1%). Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan ada perbedaan pengalaman kegagalan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, laki-laki lebih merasa gagal dalam harapan (9,3%) dan kompetisi (6,6%), sedangkan perempuan lebih merasa gagal dalam akademik (36,4%) dan hubungan personal (10,6%). Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pengalaman kegagalan antara laki-laki dan perempuan disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan peran sosial antara laki-laki dan perempuan

Associations of Knowledge and Attitude with Pap Smear Test Utilization

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women globally, with an estimated 88% of deaths occurring in the developing world. Pap smear, also called a Pap test, is a procedure to test for cervical cancer in women involving collection of cervical cells specimen for microscopic examination. Detecting cervical cancer early with a Pap smear gives a greater chance at a cure. It can also detect changes in cervical cells that suggest cancer that may develop in the future. Detecting these abnormal cells early is a first step in halting the possible development of cervical cancer. This study aimed to analyze the associations of knowledge and attitude with the use of pap smear test. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Kraton Hospital, Pekalongan, Central Java. A sample of 323 women of reproductive age was selected for this study, consisting of women who used Pap smear and those who did not use Pap smear. The dependent variable was Pap smear utilization. The independent variables were knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and its screening. Pap smear data were obtained from the medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Knowledge (OR= 2.35; p= 0.001) and favorable attitude toward cervical cancer and its screening (OR= 3.17; p= 0.023) were associated with Pap smear utilization. Conclusion: Use of Pap smear is affected by knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and its screening. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, Pap smear test, cervical cance

Moral Values That Thwart Intergroup Interactions: an Investigation on the Interaction Between Indonesian Moslems and Chinese-Indonesian Christians

As one of the most established theories, the contact hypothesis has been well-researched throughout decades of investigations. However, there have been few attempts to investigate individual factors that may influence interaction processes that may lower prejudice. The present study attempts to find the individual factors that can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, that is, individual moral values. Previous researches have noted that individuals with high moral loyalty, authority, and sanctity may resist interacting with outgroups. Consequently, these individuals may possess higher prejudice. Thus, we hypothesize that individuals with higher levels of those three moral values may experience the contact effect more profoundly, in which there is stronger contact – prejudice effect. 594 Moslem participants participated in the online survey we administered. We found that moral authority and purity can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, consistent with our hypotheses. These patterns were found only for the contact – subtle prejudice effect. However, moral loyalty cannot moderate this effect. We discuss the implications by examining the Indonesian current sociopolitical conditions and how the three moral values influence the dynamics of intergroup contact

The Effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Postpartum Hemorrhage

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is a major problem that endangers maternal health. Its prevention can save mothers' life postnatal, through early initiation of breast-feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on postpartum hemorrhage. Subjects and Method:This was a cohort study conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Central Java. A total of 60 postpartum mothers consisting of 30 early breastfeeding initiation and 30 without early breastfeeding initiation were selected for this study. The dependent variable was the amount of vaginal blood loss during the fourth stage of labor. The independent variable was early breastfeeding initiation. The data on the amount of blood loss were taken from the medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Mann Whitney. Results:The amount of postpartum vaginal hemorrhage in the early initiation of breastfeeding group (Mean= 148.88; SD= 43.34 ml) was larger than the non-early initiation of breastfeeding group (Mean= 323.67; SD= 99.50 ml), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Conclusion:Early initiation of breastfeeding is effective to reduce postpartum vaginal hemorrhage. Keywords: early initiation, breastfeeding, postpartum, vaginal hemorrhage

Mach-Zehnder-based measurement of light emitting diodes temporal coherence

Objectives: The main objective of this work is to validate a Mach-Zehnder based interferometric method to measure the temporal coherence length of broadband finite size light sources such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and give a qualitative value of the temporal coherence length of white LEDs, for which nor their spectral width neither their emission peak wavelength are clearly defined. Motivation: Low-coherence light sources such as LEDs have opened many possibilities in applications in which using lasers introduces coherent noise (speckle) that hinders the performance of interferometric measurement techniques. The coherence length is an important characteristic of light sources for scientific applications related to diffraction, holography, tomography, or interferometry. The spatial coherence of a source depends on the distance from the source to the observation plane and its size, while the temporal coherence is related to the emission spectral width and the emission peak wavelength. Therefore, the temporal coherence is a characteristic of each source. Methodology and results: In this work, we use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for the first time to measure the coherence degree and the temporal coherence length of quasi-monochromatic LEDs. We validate the technique by comparing the results to those obtained directly from the spectrum. Then, we use the tested interferometric method to measure the temporal coherence length of a white LED, for which neither the width of the spectrum nor the emission peak wavelength, are clearly defined. In this case, the Wiener-Khinchin theorem is used to validate the interferometric technique. A very interesting property of the method is that the temporal coherence length is obtained from a single measurement, without needing to perform a scanning. This method can be used also for other non-coherent sources such as halogen lamps, pulsed lasers, and so on. The obtained results will improve the characterization of light sources and the applications dealing with physical optics and electromagnetic interference. © 2022 The Author

Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Network in Peru: System Description and Initial Results

The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region is dominated globally by dynamics at various scales: planetary waves, tides, gravity waves, and stratified turbulence. The latter two can coexist and be significant at horizontal scales less than 500 km, scales that are difficult to measure. This study presents a recently deployed multistatic specular meteor radar system, SIMONe Peru, which can be used to observe these scales. The radars are positioned at and around the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, which is located at the magnetic equator. Besides presenting preliminary results of typically reported large-scale features, like the dominant diurnal tide at low latitudes, we show results on selected days of spatially and temporally resolved winds obtained with two methods based on: (a) estimation of mean wind and their gradients (gradient method), and (b) an inverse theory with Tikhonov regularization (regularized wind field inversion method). The gradient method allows improved MLT vertical velocities and, for the first time, low-latitude wind field parameters such as horizontal divergence and relative vorticity. The regularized wind field inversion method allows the estimation of spatial structure within the observed area and has the potential to outperform the gradient method, in particular when more detections are available or when fine adaptive tuning of the regularization factor is done. SIMONe Peru adds important information at low latitudes to currently scarce MLT continuous observing capabilities. Results contribute to studies of the MLT dynamics at different scales inherently connected to lower atmospheric forcing and E-region dynamo related ionospheric variability

Peran Kepercayaan Politik Dan Kepuasan Demokrasi Terhadap Partisipasi Politik Mahasiswa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan kepercayaan politik dan kepuasan demokrasi dengan partisipasi politik mahasiswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 307 mahasiswa yang berasal dari Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Universitas Riau dan Universitas Islam Riau. Dalam mengumpulkan data menggunakan metode survey dengan kuesioner tentang kepercayaan politik, kepuasan demokrasi serta partisipasi politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang positif antara kepercayaan politik dan kepuasan demokrasi terhadap tingkat partisipasi politik mahasiswa. Artinya, semakin tinggi kepercayaan politik dan kepuasan demokrasi, maka semakin tinggi tingkat partisipasi politik mahasiswa. Sementara kepuasan demokrasi tidak berhubungan langsung dengan partisipasi politik tetapi melalui kepercayaan politik. Artinya kepercayaan politik menjadi variabel mediator antara kepuasan demokrasi dan partisipasi politik