Naseljavanje mlađi školjkaša sa posebnim osvrtom na vrstu Jakobska kapica (Pecten jacobaeus, Linnaeus), i obraštajnih organizama na tri vrste eksperimentalnih kolektora u Bokokotorskom zaljevu

The settlement of molluscs’ larvae of and other biofouling organisms on experimental collectors was studied, with particular reference Great Mediterranean scallop, Pecten jacobaeus. Three types of experimental collector made from vegetable sacks, modelled based on the collectors used in Japan, were placed in four existing fish and shellfish farms located in the Boka Kotorska Bay. The experimental collectors were placed in the periods June–October and June–December 2017 and the period August 2017–February 2018 and monitored after immersion of four to six months, respectively. In total, 18 species of molluscs and also 28 species of biofouling organisms were determined. The most abundant ones found on the collectors were the following shellfish species (68 %) Talohlamys multistriata, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Modiolarca sp., Anomia ephippium and Limaria hians. The most abundant group of biofouling organisms were crustaceans (18 percent) with a species of porcelain crab, Pisidia longicornis, and tunicates (5 percent) with the species Phallusia mammillata and Ascidia mentula. The main target species, Great Mediterranean scallop, was most abundant on collector Type II, with 28 individuals. From three types of experimental collectors used in the process of collecting larvae of shellfish and biofouling species, collector type-I and type-II proved to be a more suitable basis for receiving larvae of shellfish due to the unimpeded flow of sea water that allows their successful growth and development. Species Talochlamys multistriata, were found in great abundance and it could be good candidate to diversify the aquaculture production, thus potentially offering farmers an additional source of income.U radu je prikazana analiza naseljavanja mlađi školjkaša i obraštajnih vrsta na eksperimentalnim kolektorima, sa posebnim osvrtom na vrstu jakobova kapica, Pecten jacobaeus, L. Tri tipa eksperi- mentalnih kolektora napravljenih od vreća za povrće po uzoru na kolektore korištene u Japanu bili su postavljeni na četiri postojeća uzgajališta ribe i školjaka na području Bokokotorskog zaljeva. Eksperimentalni kolektori su postavljeni u periodu od lipnja do listopada i lipnja-prosinca 2017. i u periodu od kolovoza 2017. do veljače 2018. godine, i obrađeni nakon 4 odnosno 6 mjeseci. Na ukupnom broju postavljenih eksperimentalnih kolektora sakupljeno je 18 vrsta školjki i 28 vrsta obraštajnih organizama. Na kolektorima su najzastupljenije bile školjke (68%) sa vrstama: Talohlamys multistriata, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Modiolarca sp., Anomia ephippium i Limaria hians. Od obraštaja najzastupljenija grupa organizama su bili rakovi (18%) sa vrstom račića, Pisidia longicornis i plaštenjaci (5%) sa vrstama Phallusia mammilata i Ascidia mentula. Ciljana vrsta, jakobska kapica, bila je najzastupljenija na kolektoru Tip II, s 28 jedinki. Od tri vrste eksperimentalnoh kolektora korištenih u procesu prikupljanja ličinki školjkaša i obraštajućih vrsta, kolektor tip-I i tip-II pokazao se prikladnijom osnovom za prihvat ličinki školjaka zbog nesmetanog protoka morske vode koji omogućuje njihov uspješan rast i razvoj. Vrste Talochla- mys multistriata, pronađena su u velikom obilju i mogla bi biti dobar kandidat za diverzifikaciju proizvodnje akvakulture, čime bi uzgajivačima potencijalno ponudili dodatni izvor prihoda

Distribution changes of plankton communities in the harbour Porto Montenegro (South Adriatic Sea)

Plankton data (phyto, zoo and ichthyo) that were collected monthly from March 2016 to February 2017 in the harbour ?Porto Montenegro? and the referent station (Tivat Bay) were analysed to determine if there are any differences in plankton distribution, composition and diversity among sites. In contrast to phytoplankton and zooplankton, whose diversity and spatial distribution are driven considerably by temperature and salinity (phytoplankton) and inter-species interaction, affinity for aggregation with specific water masses (zooplankton), the spatial dynamics of ichthyoplankton is significantly dependent on the aggregation of adult populations, rates of mortality, and physical processes that affect the position and retention of organisms. Anchovy early life stages and the dominance of this species in referent station during all months of investigation, especially in August, caused significant difference among sites. We found that unfavourable conditions for adult fish aggregation in the harbour area ?Porto Montenegro? could be the reason for driving the differences in the ichthyoplankton spatial distribution compared with Bay area, while phytoplankton and zooplankton data didn?t show significant differences among sites.Fil: Pestorić, Branka. University of Montenegro. Institute of Marine Biology; MontenegroFil: Drakulović, Dragana. University of Montenegro. Institute of Marine Biology; MontenegroFil: Mandić, Milica. University of Montenegro. Institute of Marine Biology; MontenegroFil: López Abbate, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentin

Assessments of current and future suitability of heat conditions for apple growing in Norway

The commercial apple production in Norway is limited to the small regions along the fjord areas in the southwest part of the country and around lakes or near the sea in the southeast part with favorable climate. Due to the rapid rate of climate change over the recent decades, it is expected that suitable heat conditions for apple growing will expand to the areas that previously were too cold. This study analyses the heat suitability of past, present and future climate for six commercial apple varieties in Norway (Discovery, Gravenstein, Summerred, Aroma, Rubinstep, and Elstar). The methodology for identifying favorable heat conditions is developed using meteorological and phenological observations from the Ullensvang orchards and applied on a high-resolution gridded datasets of temperature observations and climate projections. The assessment indicates that with increasing temperatures, heat conditions suitable for cultivation all six apple varieties are expanding. The surfaces with favorable heat conditions for less heat-demanding varieties increased threefold over the last 60 years. In the period 2011-2020, heat suitable climate for cultivating at least one of the considered apple varieties is found at 15% of the analyzed territory, while 2.5% was suitable for growing all six varieties. In the future, the favorable areas will advance from south and southeast northwards and inland in the eastern region, along the west and northwestern coastline towards higher latitudes, and along continental parts of fjords. The fastest expansion of heat suitable conditions is expected for less heat-demanding varieties. The findings of this study show an increasing potential for apple production in Norway that are relevant for strategical planning of climate change adaptation measures within the sector. Weather related risks, such as the risk from damaging low temperatures, drought and extreme precipitation were not considered.Assessments of current and future suitability of heat conditions for apple growing in NorwaypublishedVersio

Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix

BACKGROUND: Superficially invasive neoplasias of the uterine cervix are a matter of controversy in terms of their definition, prognostic factors and selection of treatment to minimize the risk of recurrences. METHODS: Forty-three women with invasive cervical carcinoma, operated from 1993 to 2003, were postoperatively staged as IA cervical carcinoma. There were 28 patients who were submitted to class III radical hysterectomy, 9 patients to class II hysterectomy, 2 patients to class I hysterectomy, and 2 patients to abdominal trachelectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Mean age of patients was 44 years (range, 27-64 years). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (56.1%) were stage with IA1 and 18 (43.9%) with stage IA2 disease according to the 1995 FIGO classification. Tumor histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 38 (92.6%) cases, adenocarcinoma in 2 (4.8%) cases and glassy cell carcinoma in 1 (2.4%). The average number of examined lymph nodes was 17.4 (2-53). Lymphovascular space invasion was identified in 3 patients. None of the 41 patients had metastasis to the pelvic lymph nodes or developed recurrence of disease. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that patients with cervical cancer stage IA1 have an extremely low risk of pelvic lymph node metastasis and an excellent prognosis, so nonradical management that excludes pelvic lymph node dissection could be as effective as radical surgery in these patients. Stage IA2 invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix should be treated with radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection considering the presence of risk factors. The treatment should be individualized and based on an exhaustive pathological evaluation of an adequate cone biopsy specimen

Natural toxigenic fungal and mycotoxin occurrence in maize hybrids

The objective of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of maize hybrids to the natural occurrence of toxigenic fungal species, in particular toxigenic Aspergillus and Fusarium species, and mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 (FBs)). Grain samples of six commercial maize hybrids (MAS 34.B – FAO 300, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, KWS Konfites and ZP 427 – FAO 400, and MAS 56.A – FAO 500) were collected at harvest in 2018. A total of seven fungal genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Rhizopus, were identified of which only species from the genus Fusarium were present on maize grains of all hybrids tested. The incidence of Fusarium spp. was higher in the hybrids MAS 48.L (54.6%), and MAS 56.A (53.3%), compared to MAS 40.F (37.3%), KWS Konfites (28%), MAS 34.B (22.6%) and ZP 427 (12%) hybrids. Among the identified Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides), F. proliferatum was present in all hybrids, ranging from 9.3% (ZP 427) to 30.7% (MAS 48.L ), whereas F. subglutinans was present in two hybrids, MAS 40.F (16%) and MAS 56.A (9.3%). The incidence of F. graminearum ranged from 0% (KWS Konfites) to 9.3% (MAS 34.B), while the incidence of F. verticillioides ranged from 0% (MAS 34.B and ZP 427) to 21.3% (MAS 48.L). In the samples, Aspergillus species were not identified. The effect of maize hybrids was significant on the level of mycotoxins. MAS 34.B hybrid had a statistically significantly higher levels of AFB1 and DON than other hybrids. The FBs level was the highest in the hybrid MAS 34.B (1202 μg kg-1) and the lowest in the hybrid KWS Konfites (88.33 μg kg-1). However, the FBs level did not differ between hybrids MAS 34.B, MAS 40.F, and MAS 56.L, MAS 40.F, MAS 48.L, and MAS 56.A, and KWS Konfites and ZP 427. In all hybrids, AFB1, DON, and FBs levels were below the maximum permissible levels stipulated by the legislation of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia in unprocessed maize. The agro-ecological conditions in 2018 favored the development of Fusarium species on maize grains of the hybrids tested, especially fumonisin producing species

Razmnožavanje brgljuna, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) u Bokokotorskom zaljevu (Crna Gora, južni Jadran)

The annual alteration of gonad morphology in anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus,1758), caught in the period from July 2006 to June 2007 using beach seines in the region of Boka Kotorska Bay (Montenegro, southern Adriatic) was studied. Samples were taken each month. Total length of individuals ranged from 6.6 to 12.2 cm, while weight ranged from 1.58 to 11.27 g, Their ovaries were extracted and weighed, and a piece of female gonad tissue was sampled for histological analysis. The length–weight relationship of all anchovy specimens was described by the equation: (W = 0.0032) (L_T^3.2537; (r^2 = 0.9528)). The lowest GSI values were found in November and remained at low levels until April, which corresponded to the gonad rest stage. The GSI increased gradually during April and May, which coincides with the begining of spawning period. Although primary oocytes (stage I) were present during all months, their percentage increased from October and was the highest during the winter months (November-March 100%). Mature cells, stage IV, were present during April – October period, with highest value in May when they comprised 12.3% of total oocyte number. An increase in the percentage of oocytes in the yolk vesicle (II) and yolk (III) stages occurred in April, remaining almost unchanged until October. Smallest average oocyte size was noticed in period November – February with an average of 59.69 μm, while greatest size was recorded in April 2007, 185.84 μm.U radu su predstavljeni rezultati proučavanja godišnje promjene morfologije gonada kod brgljuna, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) uhvaćenog obalnim mrežama potegačama u razdoblju od srpnja 2006 do lipnja 2007na području Bokokotorskog zaljeva (Crna Gora, južni Jadran). Uzorci inćuna uzimani su mjesečno, sredinom mjeseca. Ukupna dužina jedinki kretala se od 6,6 do 12,2 cm, dok je masa jedinki kolebala od 1,58 do 11,27 g. Kod ženki, jajnicima je nakon vađenja izmjerena masa, a dio tkiva jajnika odvojen za histološku analizu. Dužinsko-maseni odnos svih jedinki brgljuna opisan je jednadžbom (W = 0.0032) (L_T^3.2537; (r^2 = 0.9528)). Najniža vrijednost gonadosomatskog indeksa (GSI), manja od 1, zabilježena je u studenom, a ostala je niska sve do travnja, što odgovara razdoblje odmora gonada. GSI se postupno povećava tijekom travnja i svibnja, što se poklapa sa početkom perioda mrijesta. Iako su primarni oociti (stadij I) bili prisutni u svim mjesecima, njihova postotna zastupljenost u porastu je od listopada, a najviša tijekom zimskih mjeseci (u razdoblju od studenog do ožujka zastupljenost je iznosila 100%). Zrele stanice (stadij IV) bile su prisutne u razdoblju od travnja to listopada, sa najvećom zastupljenošću u svibnju, kada su činile 12,3% ukupnog broja oocita. U travnju se javlja povećanje postotne zastupljenosti oocita u stadijima žumanjčane kesice (II) i žumanjca (III) i ostaje gotovo nepromijenjeno do listopada. Najmanja prosječna veličina oocita zabilježena je tijekom razdoblja od studenog do veljače, kad je iznosila 59.69 μm, dok je najveća zabilježena u travnju 2007., 185.84 μ

Neobična pojava jaja inćuna (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) u prosincu 2006. godine u Bokokotorskom zaljevu (Jadransko more)

Five anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) eggs were caught during an ichthyoplankton survey in Boka Kotorska Bay (south Adriatic Sea) with a PairOVET (modified CalVet) plankton net on December 5th, 2006. Eggs were found at two sampling stations (42°28’30.24” N, 18°44’41.81” E and 42°29’30.23” N, 18°40’41.84” E). It is the third record of anchovy eggs in the winter months in the Adriatic Sea.Pet jaja brgljuna (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758) su uhvaćena tijekom istraživanja ihtioplanktona u Bokokotorskom zaljevu (južni Jadran) s PairOVET (izmijenjeni CalVet) i planktonskom mrežom 5. prosinca 2006. godine. Jaja su pronađena na dva mjesta uzorkovanja (42 ° 28’30 .24 “N, 18 ° 44’41 0,81” E i 42 ° 29’30 0,23 “N, 18 ° 40’41 0,84” E). Ovo je treći nalaz jaja brgljuna u zimskim mjesecima u Jadranu

Pregled saznanja o reproduktivnoj biologiji i mrijestilištima/rastilištima komercijalno važnih riba u Jadranskom moru tijekom zadnja dva desetljeća

Recently, despite long-term systematic research of the Adriatic Sea ecosystem, the necessity to improve the existing protection of commercially exploited species occurred since the status of many renewable marine stocks were not in good state. In order to realize that review of scientific knowledge gather within the last two decades was required. In this paper emphasis has been placed on all the scientific knowledge concerning the reproductive biology, spawning and nursery grounds of four ecologically and economically important Adriatic fish species – sardine Sardina pilchardus, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, European hake Merluccius merluccius, Common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus. Main aim of this review was to establish new scientific platform that in near future should result with better conservation measures that will insure long-term sustainability of exploited marine living resources.U novije vrijeme, unatoč dugoročnom sustavnom istraživanju ekosustava Jadranskog mora, a s obzirom da status većine obnovljivih morskih stokova nije u biološki dobrom stanju biomase, pojavila se nužnost proširenja postojeće zaštite komercijalno iskorištavanih vrsta. Kako bi se to realiziralo bilo je potrebito napraviti pregled svih znanstvenih spoznaja stečenih u posljednja dva desetljeća. Tako je u ovom preglednom radu naglasak stavljen na znanstvene činjenice vezane uz reproduktivnu biologiju kao i mrijestilišta i rastilišta četiriju ekološki i ekonomski važnih jadranskih vrsta riba – srdela Sardina pilchardus, brgljun Engraulis encrasicolus, oslić Merluccius merluccius, arbun Pagellus erythrinus. Glavni cilj ovog preglednog rada je bio stvoriti novu znanstvenu platformu koja bi u bliskoj budućnosti trebala rezultirati boljim mjerama očuvanja koje bi nadalje rezultirale dugoročnim održivim iskorištavanjem živih morskih resursa u Jadranu