395 research outputs found
The role of green marketing in achieving sustainable development
All forms of business affect the environment. In addition to the
right to use natural resources, companies also have their obligations
regarding their utilization. They must not be focused solely on profit, but
must be socially responsible and take care of the environment. This raises the question of whether the company can be both environmentally and socially responsible and profitable at the same time. The aim of this paper is to show that it can, and one of the methods is the application of green marketing,
which contributes to sustainable development. The issue of sustainability must be more closely integrated into the marketing strategy. This paper analyzes the benefits and difficulties of applying green marketing and its role in achieving sustainable development. The analysis was carried out from several aspects - the position of the main subjects in this field (consumers, enterprises, countries) was examined. For this purpose, the "meta" empirical
analysis was applied - data from existing empirical research were used to obtain the results and conclusions of this paper. Since the aim of the paper is to give recommendations and examples of the green marketing application in enterprises, in addition to the research of the existing literature, we used the method of case studies analysis
Prohibition of corporal punishment of Children, general considerations and The circumstances in Serbia
Sažetak: Problem telesnog kažnjavanja dece zaokuplja znaÄajnu pažnju
opÅ”te i struÄne javnosti, te otvara moralna, pravna i politiÄka pitanja. Po-
slednjih godina na globalnom nivou jaÄaju ideje o potrebi potpunog i iz-
riÄitog zabranjivanja telesnog kažnjavanja dece. Pobornicima zabrane teles-
nog kažnjavanja suprotstavljaju se oni koji smatraju da uvoÄenje takve zabrane
istovremeno podrazumeva ograniÄavanje prava na privatnu i porodiÄnu sfe-
ru, umanjivanje roditeljskih prava i atak na tradicionalne vrednosti. U ci-
lju svestranog razumevanja fenomena, izlaganja u radu su koncipirana tako da
se telesno kažnjavanja dece sagledava sa pedagoŔkih, socioloŔkih i
meÄunarodnopravnih aspekata, uz isticanje razloga koji govore u prilog i
protiv telesnog kažnjavanja. Autor je nastojao da ukaže i na prilike u Srbi-
ji, te da iznese liÄni stav o naÄinu na koji bi zakon u Srbiji trebalo da se
odnosi prema telesnom kažnjavanju dece.The problem of corporal punishment of children occupies significant
attention of general public and professionals, and also opens up moral, legal and
political issues. In recent years, ideas about the introduction of a complete and explicit
prohibition of corporal punishment of children have been strengthening globally.
Proponents of the ban of corporal punishment are opposed by those who believe
that the introduction of a ban implies a restriction on the right to private and
family life and a reduction of parental rights, and also that the ban represents an
attack on traditional values. In order to comprehensively understand the phenomenon
of corporal punishment, presentations in the paper are designed so that corporal
punishment of children is viewed from pedagogical, sociological and international
law aspects, with emphasis on the reasons that speak in favor and against this type of
punishment. The author has also tried to point out to the circumstances in Serbia,
and to express his own position about the way in which the law in Serbia should
treat corporal punishment of children
Desistance from crime ā the review of literature
Svrha rada jeste da se predstave najznaÄajnije teorijske koncepcije o trajnom
odustanku od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja. U tom smislu su primenjeni analitiÄko-
sintetiÄki pristup i komparativni metod. Teorije se dele na one koje
primat daju socijalnim Äiniocima i sazrevanju, one koje nalaze da su individualne
karakteristike od presudnog znaÄaja i one koje stoje pri tvrdnji da
je odustanak od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja uslovljen liÄnom odlukom i postojanjem
odgovarajuÄih objektivnih preduslova. Kada je reÄ o maloletnim
prestupnicima jedna od najpoznatijih teorija je delo T. Moffitt, koja zakljuÄuje
da maloletnici spontano odustaju od kriminalnog ponaŔanja u kasnijim
godinama adolescencije, Å”to ne važi samu u sluÄaju maloletnika ā perzistentnih
prestupnika Äiji psiholoÅ”ki profil odlikuju odreÄene patoloÅ”ke
karakteristike. Koncipirano je mnoÅ”tvo teorija koje naglaÅ”avaju znaÄaj socijalnih
Äinilaca, kao Å”to su postojanje zdravih i Ävrstih socijalnih kontakata,
bliski porodiÄni odnosi, stupanje u emotivne veze i brak, pronalaženje
zaposlenja, roditeljstvo, nastavak Å”kolovanja i sliÄno (Sampson i Laub, Maruna,
Farrell i drugi). No, ni ove koncepcije ne poriÄu Äinjenicu da na razliÄite
ljude isti socijalni Äinioci deluju na razliÄite naÄine. Stoga je jedini
logiÄan zakljuÄak da se odgovori ne mogu tražiti iskljuÄivo u utvrÄivanju
pozitivnih i negativnih korelacija izmeÄu odustanka od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja
i pojedinih socijalnih i liÄnih faktora. Naprotiv, Äini se da je kvalitativno
istraživanje i iscrpno upoznavanje pojedinosti konkretnih sluÄajeva
od daleko veÄeg znaÄaja. Stoga se struÄnjaci sve viÅ”e okreÄu tzv. narativnim
studijama i studijama sluÄajeva, te je jedna od posebno bitnih studija Liverpolska
studija Shadd Marune, o kojoj Äe takoÄe biti reÄi.The paper is devoted to a review of the literature on the topic of desistance from
crime. We have used analytic-synthetic approach and the comparative method. All theories
can be divided into ones that accentuate the significance of the social factors and the proce ss of maturation, ones that emphasize the individual characteristics and ones that combine
individual traits and social circumstances. When it comes to juvenile offenders, probably the
best known theory is āthe dual taxonomy of offending behaviorā by T. Moffitt, which states
that juvenile offenders spontaneously give up crime later in adolescence, although this is not
the case with persistent juvenile offenders whose psychological profile is characterized by
specific pathological features. On the other hand, there is an abundance of theories that
emphasize the importance of social factors, such as the existence of healthy and strong social
contacts, close family relationships, engaging in emotional relationships and marriage, finding
employment, parenting, continuing education, etc. (Sampson and Laub, Maruna, Farrell
etc.) However, even those conceptions do not deny the fact that sometimes people act in
different ways no matter the external circumstances. Theoretical concepts therefore suggest
that the answer can not be sought exclusively in determining the positive and negative
correlation between desistance from crime and certain social and personal factors. On the
contrary, it seems that the qualitative research and exploration of the details of specific cases
are of a far greater importance. Thus, experts are turning to the so-called narrative studies.
With this in mind, the paper will present main results of The Liverpool Study by S. Maruna
Diverziono postupanje prema maloletnim uÄiniocima kriviÄnih dela u uporednom pravu
Diversion for juvenile offenders is a standard in almost all relevant international documents in the field of juvenile justice. However, the modes of practical implementation can drastically affect the meaning and purpose of diversion. If diversionary treatment is reduced to a factual forgiving of the responsibility for crime committed by minors, without the support and a positive influence for the further development of the minor, then the diversion is reduced to a mere formality and it has been deprived of its point. The process of the application of diversionary practices can easily be affected by the lack of resources, primarily at the local level, which means that there are no meaningful programs for juvenile offenders. The aim of this paper is to look at certain experiences from comparative systems, in order to detect those measures that have been proven to be adequate. In order to achieve this goal, an analyticalsynthetic, dogmatic and comparative method has been applied.Diverziono postupanje prema maloletnim uÄiniocima kriviÄnih dela predstavlja standard za koji plediraju gotovo svi relevantni meÄunarodni dokumenti iz oblasti maloletniÄkog pravosuÄa. MeÄutim, naÄini praktiÄne implementacije mogu drastiÄno da utiÄu na smisao i svrhu diverzionog postupanja. Ukoliko se diverziono postupanje svede na faktiÄko opraÅ”tanje odgovornosti i zaboravljanje kriviÄnog dela uÄinjenog od strane maloletnika, a izostanu pomoÄ, podrÅ”ka i makar pokuÅ”aj da se pozitivno utiÄe na dalji razvoj maloletnika, onda je i diverzija svedena na puku formu i liÅ”ena poente. Ono Å”to posebno pogubno može da utiÄe na primenu diverzionog postupanja jeste nedostatak resursa, pre svega na lokalnom nivou, usled Äega izostaju smisleni programi za maloletne uÄinioce kriviÄnih dela. Cilj rada jeste da se sagledaju odreÄena iskustva iz uporednopravnih sistema, kako bi se i u Srbiji razmiÅ”ljalo u pravcu primene onih mera koje su se pokazale kao adekvatne. Primenjen je analitiÄko-sintetiÄki, pravno-dogmatski i komparativni metod
Desistance from crime ā the review of literature
Svrha rada jeste da se predstave najznaÄajnije teorijske koncepcije o trajnom
odustanku od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja. U tom smislu su primenjeni analitiÄko-
sintetiÄki pristup i komparativni metod. Teorije se dele na one koje
primat daju socijalnim Äiniocima i sazrevanju, one koje nalaze da su individualne
karakteristike od presudnog znaÄaja i one koje stoje pri tvrdnji da
je odustanak od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja uslovljen liÄnom odlukom i postojanjem
odgovarajuÄih objektivnih preduslova. Kada je reÄ o maloletnim
prestupnicima jedna od najpoznatijih teorija je delo T. Moffitt, koja zakljuÄuje
da maloletnici spontano odustaju od kriminalnog ponaŔanja u kasnijim
godinama adolescencije, Å”to ne važi samu u sluÄaju maloletnika ā perzistentnih
prestupnika Äiji psiholoÅ”ki profil odlikuju odreÄene patoloÅ”ke
karakteristike. Koncipirano je mnoÅ”tvo teorija koje naglaÅ”avaju znaÄaj socijalnih
Äinilaca, kao Å”to su postojanje zdravih i Ävrstih socijalnih kontakata,
bliski porodiÄni odnosi, stupanje u emotivne veze i brak, pronalaženje
zaposlenja, roditeljstvo, nastavak Å”kolovanja i sliÄno (Sampson i Laub, Maruna,
Farrell i drugi). No, ni ove koncepcije ne poriÄu Äinjenicu da na razliÄite
ljude isti socijalni Äinioci deluju na razliÄite naÄine. Stoga je jedini
logiÄan zakljuÄak da se odgovori ne mogu tražiti iskljuÄivo u utvrÄivanju
pozitivnih i negativnih korelacija izmeÄu odustanka od kriminalnog ponaÅ”anja
i pojedinih socijalnih i liÄnih faktora. Naprotiv, Äini se da je kvalitativno
istraživanje i iscrpno upoznavanje pojedinosti konkretnih sluÄajeva
od daleko veÄeg znaÄaja. Stoga se struÄnjaci sve viÅ”e okreÄu tzv. narativnim
studijama i studijama sluÄajeva, te je jedna od posebno bitnih studija Liverpolska
studija Shadd Marune, o kojoj Äe takoÄe biti reÄi.The paper is devoted to a review of the literature on the topic of desistance from
crime. We have used analytic-synthetic approach and the comparative method. All theories
can be divided into ones that accentuate the significance of the social factors and the proce ss of maturation, ones that emphasize the individual characteristics and ones that combine
individual traits and social circumstances. When it comes to juvenile offenders, probably the
best known theory is āthe dual taxonomy of offending behaviorā by T. Moffitt, which states
that juvenile offenders spontaneously give up crime later in adolescence, although this is not
the case with persistent juvenile offenders whose psychological profile is characterized by
specific pathological features. On the other hand, there is an abundance of theories that
emphasize the importance of social factors, such as the existence of healthy and strong social
contacts, close family relationships, engaging in emotional relationships and marriage, finding
employment, parenting, continuing education, etc. (Sampson and Laub, Maruna, Farrell
etc.) However, even those conceptions do not deny the fact that sometimes people act in
different ways no matter the external circumstances. Theoretical concepts therefore suggest
that the answer can not be sought exclusively in determining the positive and negative
correlation between desistance from crime and certain social and personal factors. On the
contrary, it seems that the qualitative research and exploration of the details of specific cases
are of a far greater importance. Thus, experts are turning to the so-called narrative studies.
With this in mind, the paper will present main results of The Liverpool Study by S. Maruna
Prevencija i suzbijanje diskriminacije u Ŕkolama u Srbiji
Kvalitetan obrazovno-vaspitni proces iziskuje Ŕkolu koja ne toleriŔe
diskriminaciju. Kako bi Å”kola zaista razvijala kulturu i klimu u kojima se podstiÄu
ravnopravnost, tolerancija i uvažavanje svakog pojedinca, potrebno je da postoji
adekvatan pravni okvir koji se odnosi na pitanja u vezi sa suzbijanjem i preveniranjem
diskriminacije. Pri tome treba imati u vidu da diskriminacija podrazumeva i odreÄene
posebne i teÅ”ke oblike diskriminacije poput govora mržnje ā to jest koriÅ”Äenja
ksenofobiÄnih, rasistiÄkih, antisemtiskih, seksistiÄkih i drugih nedozvoljenih simbola i
poruka u Å”koli i njenom okruženju; homofobije ā pozivanja na nasilje pema licima
specifiÄnih seksualnih opredeljenja i segregacije - izdvajanja uÄenika u Å”koli i tokom
vanÅ”kolskih aktivnosti na osnovu njihovih liÄnih svojstava.
Izlaganja u radu su stoga posveÄena primarno analizi odredaba Pravilnika o
bližim kriterijumima za prepoznavanje oblika diskriminacije od strane zaposlenog, deteta,
uÄenika ili treÄeg lica u ustanovi obrazovanja i vaspitanja i Pravilnika o postupanju
ustanove u sluÄaju diskriminacije ili diskriminatorskog ponaÅ”anja, kao i sistematizovanju
preventivnih i interventnih mera koje se mogu primeniti u kontekstu preveniranja i
suzbijanja diskriminacije. Pri navedenom poseban fokus je stavljen na ulogu i nadležnosti
Ŕkolskog Tima za zaŔtitu od diskriminacije, nasilja, zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja.
Educational process of high value requires a school that does not tolerate
discrimination. In order for the school to truly develop a culture and climate in which
equality, tolerance and respect for each individual are encouraged, there needs to be an
adequate legal framework addressing issues related to the combating and preventing
discrimination. It should be borne in mind that discrimination includes certain special
and severe forms of discrimination such as hate speech-the use of xenophobic, racist,
anti-semitic, sexist and other inappropriate symbols and messages in the school and in
the school environment; homophobia-violence against persons of specific sexual
orientations and segregation-separation of students in the school and during
extracurricular activities based on their personal characteristics.
The paper is therefore primarily devoted to the analysis of the provisions of the
Bylaw on closer criteria for recognizing forms of discrimination by employees, children,
students or third parties in educational institutions and the Bylaw on the institution's
actions in cases of discrimination or discriminatory behavior, as well as to the
systematization of preventive and interventional measures that can be applied in the
context of preventing and combating discrimination. In doing so, special focus was
placed on the role and tasks of the School Team for Protection against Discrimination,
Violence, Abuse and Neglect
Juvenile justice in Europe and juveniles as active participants in criminal proceedings
Älan 6. EKLJP garantuje pravo na praviÄno suÄenje, dok Älan 12. Konvencije UN o pravima deteta utvrÄuje pravo maloletnika na informisanje o stvarima koje ga se neposredno tiÄu i na izražavanje sopstvenog miÅ”ljenja. Tako ova dva meÄunarodna dokumenta ustanovljavaju pravo maloletnika na participaciju, Å”to je veoma znaÄajno za razvijanje oseÄanja samopoÅ”tovanja kod dece i za uvažavanje liÄnog dostojanstva najmlaÄih. No, psihofiziÄke osobenosti dece, ograniÄenost njihovih kapaciteta za artikulisanje sopstvenog miÅ”ljenja te nespremnost drugih uÄesnika kriviÄnog postupka da uvaže maloletnikovu volju mogu bitno uticati na pravo maloletnika na praviÄno suÄenje i participaciju. Cilj rada je stoga da se analizom pomenutih meÄunarodnih dokumenata i sluÄajeva iz prakse Evropskog suda za ljudska prava ukaže na probleme koji otežavaju aktivno uÄestvovanje maloletnih uÄinilaca kriviÄnih dela u kriviÄnom postupku, ali i na naÄine za prevazilaženje ovih problema. Autor zakljuÄuje da je, izmeÄu ostalog, nužno edukovanje službenih aktera u sistemu maloletniÄkog pravosuÄa o posebnim potrebama i pravima dece kao subjekata sa pravom na samoopredeljenje.Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights guaranties the right to a fair trial, whereas Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes the right of juveniles to receive information on matters affecting them and to freely express their views. In that way, these two international documents establish the right of juveniles to participation, which is very important for the development of the feeling of self-esteem in children and for the recognition of personal dignity of youngsters. However, psychological and physical characteristics of children, their limited capacity to articulate their own views, so as the unwillingness of other participants in the criminal proceedings to acknowledge juvenileās will, could significantly affect the right of a juvenile to a fair trial and participation. Analysing the said international documents and cases from the European Court of Human Rightsā practice, this paper therefore aims at pointing to the problems which impede active participation of juvenile offenders in criminal proceedings, and also to the ways of overcoming these problems. The author concludes that it is, among others, necessary to educate all official stakeholders within the system of juvenile justice about the special needs and rights of children as subjects with the right to self-determination
Juvenile justice in Europe and juveniles as active participants in criminal proceedings
Älan 6. EKLJP garantuje pravo na praviÄno suÄenje, dok Älan 12. Konvencije UN o pravima deteta utvrÄuje pravo maloletnika na informisanje o stvarima koje ga se neposredno tiÄu i na izražavanje sopstvenog miÅ”ljenja. Tako ova dva meÄunarodna dokumenta ustanovljavaju pravo maloletnika na participaciju, Å”to je veoma znaÄajno za razvijanje oseÄanja samopoÅ”tovanja kod dece i za uvažavanje liÄnog dostojanstva najmlaÄih. No, psihofiziÄke osobenosti dece, ograniÄenost njihovih kapaciteta za artikulisanje sopstvenog miÅ”ljenja te nespremnost drugih uÄesnika kriviÄnog postupka da uvaže maloletnikovu volju mogu bitno uticati na pravo maloletnika na praviÄno suÄenje i participaciju. Cilj rada je stoga da se analizom pomenutih meÄunarodnih dokumenata i sluÄajeva iz prakse Evropskog suda za ljudska prava ukaže na probleme koji otežavaju aktivno uÄestvovanje maloletnih uÄinilaca kriviÄnih dela u kriviÄnom postupku, ali i na naÄine za prevazilaženje ovih problema. Autor zakljuÄuje da je, izmeÄu ostalog, nužno edukovanje službenih aktera u sistemu maloletniÄkog pravosuÄa o posebnim potrebama i pravima dece kao subjekata sa pravom na samoopredeljenje.Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights guaranties the right to a fair trial, whereas Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes the right of juveniles to receive information on matters affecting them and to freely express their views. In that way, these two international documents establish the right of juveniles to participation, which is very important for the development of the feeling of self-esteem in children and for the recognition of personal dignity of youngsters. However, psychological and physical characteristics of children, their limited capacity to articulate their own views, so as the unwillingness of other participants in the criminal proceedings to acknowledge juvenileās will, could significantly affect the right of a juvenile to a fair trial and participation. Analysing the said international documents and cases from the European Court of Human Rightsā practice, this paper therefore aims at pointing to the problems which impede active participation of juvenile offenders in criminal proceedings, and also to the ways of overcoming these problems. The author concludes that it is, among others, necessary to educate all official stakeholders within the system of juvenile justice about the special needs and rights of children as subjects with the right to self-determination
Izazovi u implementaciji kazne rada u javnom interesu
Nakon uvoÄenja kazne rada u javnom interesu u srpsko kriviÄno zakonodavstvo oÄekivalo se da ova sankcija u znaÄajnoj meri zameni kratkotrajne kazne liÅ”enja slobode.
Osim toga, rad u javnom interesu je trebalo da rezultira osnaživanjem osuÄenih lica kako u domenu sticanja struÄnih znanja, tako i u domenu razvijanja socijalnih veÅ”tina.
Nažalost, velika oÄekivanja nisu ostvarena. Izuzetno obimni i složeni zadaci povereni su PoverniÄkoj službi koja se bavi i izvrÅ”enjem svih ostalih vidova alternativnih sankcija i propratnih mera. TakoÄe, prisutni su problemi u domenu Å”irenja liste poslodavaca koji si voljni, sposobni i opskrbljeni adekvatnim resursima za ukljuÄivanje u implemntaciju ove sankcije. Rad sadrži analizu statistiÄkih podataka o izreÄenim i izvrÅ”enim kaznama rada u javnom interesu tokom prethodne decenije u Srbiji, kao i pregled relevantne literature o ovoj temi. Cilj rada je da se ukaže na mere Äija implementacija bi mogla rezultirati obimnijom i kvalitetnijom primenom rada u javnom interesu
Minimum age of criminal responsibility and international legal standards
Uvod: Minimalni uzrast kriviÄne odgovornosti kao institut kriviÄnog prava
podrazumeva definisanje donje starosne granice poÄev od koje dolazi u obzir
voÄenje kriviÄnog postupka protiv konkretnog uÄinioca kriviÄnog dela. Iako
se poslednjih godina maloletniÄki kriminalitet u svetskim razmerama odlikuje
stabilnim ili blago opadajuÄim stopama, sluÄajevi u kojima su veoma mlada
lica uÄinioci najtežih kriviÄnih dela aktuelizuju raspravu o potrebi snižavanja
uzrasta kriviÄne odgovornosti.
Cilj: Cilj rada jeste da se izdvoje dominantni meÄunarodnopravni standardi u
domenu definisanja minimalnog uzrasta kriviÄne odgovornosti, kao i kljuÄni
argumenti koji podupiru navedene standarde, a kako bi se potom ustanovilo
da li su reÅ”enja prisutna u srpskom pozitivnom pravu usklaÄena sa datim naÄelima,
ili
su
pak
nužna
specifiÄna
usaglaŔavanja.
Metode:
U
radu
su
pri
obradi
pravnih
dokumenata
primenjeni
normativno-logiÄki
i
komparativno-pravni
metod,
odnosno
analiza
sadržaja
u
domenu
interpretiranja
relevantne
nauÄne i
struÄne
literature.
Rezultati: Univerzalni meÄunarodni dokumenti plediraju za Å”to viÅ”i uzrast mi-
nimalne kriviÄne odgovornosti, ali i za uvažavanje opÅ”tih interesa i posebno
interesa oÅ”teÄenih pri reagovanju na maloletniÄki kriminalitet. U znaÄajnom
broju evropskih i svetskih zemalja deca podležu kriviÄnoj odgovornosti poÄev
od navrŔenih 14 godina.
ZakljuÄak: Opredeljivanje minimalnog uzrasta kriviÄne odgovornosti uslovljeno
je
zaŔtitom
najboljeg
interesa
deteta,
te
naglaŔavanjem
posebne
odgovornosti
države
i
druŔtva
prema
deci
i
zadovoljavanju
njihovih
razvojnih
potreba.
S
druge
strane,
zaŔtita
interesa
maloletnika
ne
sme biti u koliziji sa zaŔtitom
oÅ”teÄenih i zaÅ”titom druÅ”tva od kriminaliteta. Definisanju minimalnog uzrasta
kriviÄne odgovornosti ne sme se pristupati bez uvažavanja ukupnih socijalnih,
ekonomskih, politiÄkih i kulturnih prilika u datom nacionalnom okviru.Introduction: The minimum age of criminal responsibility as an institute of criminal
law implies the definition of the age limit starting from which the conduct of criminal
proceedings against a specific perpetrator of a criminal offense comes into consideration.
Although in recent years, juvenile crime on a global scale has been characterized by stable
or slightly decreasing rates, the most serious crimes committed by children actualize the
discussion about the need to lower the age of criminal responsibility.
Aim: The objective of the paper is to highlight the dominant international legal
standards in the domain of defining the minimum age of criminal responsibility, as well as the
key arguments that support the stated standards, and then to establish whether the norms in
Serbian positive law are in line with the given principles.
Methods: Normative-logical and comparative-legal methods, as well as content
analysis, were applied in the paper.
Results: Universal international documents plead for the highest possible age of
minimum criminal responsibility, but also for the respect of general interests and especially
the interests of the victims. In a significant number of European and world countries, children
are subject to criminal responsibility starting at the age of 14.
Conclusion: Defining the minimum age of criminal responsibility is conditional on
protecting the best interests of the child. It also emphasizes the special responsibility of the
state and society towards children and meeting their developmental needs. On the other
hand, the protection of the interests of minors must not conflict with the protection of the
victim and the protection of society from crime. The issue of the minimum age of criminal
responsibility must not be approached without taking into account the overall social,
economic, political, and cultural conditions in the given national framework
- ā¦