Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de curtume de peles de tilápia, avaliar a eficiência do biofiltro de escamas e o poder adsortivo desta no tratamento de efluente nas diferentes etapas do processo de curtimento. As etapas mais poluentes do processamento foram o caleiro e desencalagem. A utilização do biofiltro de escamas foi mais eficiente na etapa de caleiro, demonstrando a eficiência do processo. Durante a filtração ocorreu neutralização do pH e adsorção minerais e metais pesados do efluente. O biofiltro de escamas é um sistema eficiente no tratamento de efluentes de curtume, podendo ser associado a outro tratamento para que o efluente esteja totalmente de acordo com os padrões de lançamentoThe aim of this work was to characterize the tilapia skin tanning effluent, evaluate the efficiency of scale biofilter and the adsorptive power of this one in the effluent treatment in the different stages of the tanning process. The most polluting stages were ethe caleiro and desencalagem. The use of scale biolfilter was more efficient in the limming stage, showing the process efficiency. During the filtering ph neutralization and mineral and heavy metal adsorption occurred in the effluent. The scale biofilter is an efficient system in the treatment of tanning effluent, being able to be associated to other treatment so that the effluent is totally compatible with the standards of launchingCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Rastreabilidade em pescado: influência do grau de domesticação, origem e sazonalidade na diferenciação de peixes

A rastreabilidade é a capacidade de traçar a história, aplicação ou localização de um determinado produto e pode estar relacionada com a sua origem, história do processamento, distribuição e localização após a produção. A globalização do comércio de pescado aumentou a possibilidade de enganos não intencionais e fraudes na discriminação de espécies. Entre as diferentes questões relacionadas à rastreabilidade do pescado há necessidade de buscar metodologias químicas e físicas que sejam capazes de distinguir as diferentes espécies de pescado, a origem geográfica e o método de produção: cultivado ou selvagem. Os objetivos deste estudo foram diferenciar a corvina portuguesa (Argyrosomus regius) quanto ao sistema de produção e tamanho, a corvina brasileira (Micropogonias furnieri) quanto à sazonalidade e origem geográfica e o bacalhau (Gadus mohrua) de outras espécies com características similares. Para esta diferenciação foram utilizadas as técnicas de determinação da composição química, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição de minerais essenciais e não essenciais e isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio. Foi possível detectar diferenças significativas entre corvinas portuguesas de aquicultura e selvagem em diferentes tamanhos através da composição de lipídeos e umidade, alguns ácidos graxos, minerais e isótopos estáveis. Quanto à diferenciação do bacalhau, a espécie Pollachius virens apresentou as maiores diferenças no perfil de ácidos graxos e foi possível distinguir o gênero Gadus das demais espécies por níveis de 20:5 n-3, 18:3 n-3, Zn e Sr. A composição da corvina brasileira é diferente entre as origens geográficas e épocas do ano. As maiores partes das variações são provavelmente relacionadas à disponibilidade de alimentos e tipo de habitat. As corvinas brasileiras podem ser diferenciadas pelo teor de lipídeos totais...Traceability is the ability to trace the history, application or location of a particular product and may be related to their origin, history, processing, distribution and location after production. The fish trade globalization has increased the possibility of unintentional mistakes and frauds in species discrimination. Among the different issues related to fish traceability is necessary to seek physical and chemical methods that are able to distinguish the different fish species, geographical origin and production method: farmed or wild. The objectives of this study were to differentiate meagre (Argyrosomus regius) regarding system production and size, croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) regarding seasonal and geographical origin and cod (Gadus mohrua) of other species with similar characteristics. For this differentiation techniques were used to determine the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, essential and non-essential minerals and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. It was possible to detect significant differences between aquaculture and wild meagre in different sizes through the composition of lipids and moisture, some fatty acids, minerals and stable isotopes. Differentiation of cod species, Pollachius virens showed the greatest differences in fatty acid profile and it was possible to distinguish the genus Gadus of other species by levels of 20:5 n-3, 18:3 n-3, zinc and Sr. The composition of croaker differs between geographical origins and seasons. Most of variations are probably related to the food availability and habitat type. The croakers can be differentiated by the total lipid content, ash content, the proportion of various fatty acids, minerals and carbon and nitrogen isotope

Anaerobic bio-digestion of concentrate obtained in the process of ultra filtration of effluents from tilapia processing unit

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of the process of biodigestion of the protein concentrate resulting from the ultrafiltration of the effluent from a slaughterhouse freezer of Nile tilapia. Bench digesters were used with excrements and water (control) in comparison with a mixture of cattle manure and effluent from the stages of filleting and bleeding of tilapias. The effluent obtained in the continuous process (bleeding + filleting) was the one with highest accumulated population from the 37th day, as well as greatest daily production. Gases composition did not differ between the protein concentrates, but the gas obtained with the use of the effluent from the filleting stage presented highest methane gas average (78.05%) in comparison with those obtained in the bleeding stage (69.95%) and in the continuous process (70.02%) or by the control method (68.59%)

Structural analysis of the embryonic development in Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869)

The embryogertesis of Brycon cephnius was established in seven stages: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, larval and hatching, in an incubation period of 11 h (26 degrees C). The zygote phase was observed directly after fertilization and egg hydration. Cleavage began at 0.5 h of incubation and extended up to the morula phase (1.5 h; +100 blastomeres). Cleavage was meroblastic and underwent the following division pattern: the first five divisions were vertical and perpendicular to each other, following the model 2 x 2, 4 x 2, 4 x 4 and 4 x 8. The sixth division was horizontal and occurred at 1.25 h after fertilization, giving rise to two cell layers (4 x 8 x 2) with 64 blastomeres. At the blastula stage (1.25-1.5 h), an irregular space between the blastomeres, the blastocoele, could be detected and the periblast structure initiated. The gastrula (1.75-6.0 h) was characterized by the morphogenetic movements of epiboly, convergence and cell involution, and formation of the embryonic axis. The segmentation stage (7-9 h) comprised the development of somites, the notochord, optic, otic and Kupffer's vesicles, neural tube, primitive intestine and ended with the release of the tail. The larval stage (up to 10 h) was characterized by the presence of 30 somites and growth and elongation of the larvae. At the hatching stage, the embryos presented more than 30 somites and exhibited swimming movements and a soft chorion. The blastomeres presented euchromatic nuclei, indicating a high mitotic activity and many yolk globules in the cytoplasm. The periblast was constituted of a layer with several nuclei and many vesicles, which grew during the epiboly movement.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Methods for Seafood Authenticity Testing in Europe

56 pages, 5 figuresSeafood authenticity is a key parameter for seafood quality, particularly in Europe where regulations provide a strict framework for seafood labeling. A wide variety of methods are commonly used in control laboratories (private or public) to identify seafood species, but emergent approaches for the development of new and fast DNA- and protein-based methods for species differentiation are also considered. To address the challenges in controlling further labeling requirements in the latest European legislation on seafood product traceability and labeling (Regulation (EU) 1379/2013), a review of the development of methods to identify fishing areas and to distinguish between wild and farmed fish, as well as an overview of the advanced methods that could be used for differentiation of fresh and frozen-thawed fish, is given. These methods will become increasingly important in the near future as the risk-based control of food authenticity is prescribed by the new EU control regulation (Regulation (EU) 2017/625)N