Transformation, partitioning and flow–deposit interactions during the run-out of megaflows

Funded by BG Brasil E&P LtdaPeer reviewedPostprin

Konfirmasi Anopheles sinensis dan Anopheles vagus sebagai Vektor Malaria di Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Muara Enim Regency is one of endemic malaria area in South Sumatera Province. The number of malaria clinical cases in 2015 is 9.382 cases with positive confirmed by microscopy is 143 cases (Annual parasite incidence = 0,26 ‰). There were no information or publication confirmed the vector of malaria in this regency. The aims of this study was to confirm species of Anopheles as malaria vector and its biting behavior in Muara Enim Regency. The study carried out two activity that were mosquito collection (indoor and outdoor) starts from 18.00 hours until 06.00 in the morning, and survey of the breeding habitat of pre-adult mosquito. The total of Anopheles mosquitoes collected were 1.443 and 200 mosquitoes were prepared for sporozoit identification by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Two species of Anopheles (of four mosquitoes), Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles vagus, were confirmed sporozoit positive. Anopheles sinensis tends to bite outdoors while Anopheles vagus prefer indoors. Both species actively biting at 9 p.m. until 4 a.m

Shear and Layer Breathing Modes in Multilayer MoS2

We study by Raman scattering the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer MoS2. These are identified by polarization measurements and symmetry analysis. Their positions change with the number of layers, with different scaling for odd and even layers. A chain model explains the results, with general applicability to any layered material, and allows one to monitor their thickness

Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Masyarakat Tentang Aspek Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Prabumulih, Sebelum dan Sesudah Intervensi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in South Sumatra Province especially Prabumulih in recent years has not shown a significant decline. This research aims to assess community’s level of knowledge, attitudes and practice with regards to empowerment of cadres and community group as an intervention variable. There were three location of research, first location with intervention of empowerment of cadre and community group, second location with cadre empowerment and the third location without intervention. The data collected in this research is knowledge, attitude and practice of the community before and after the intervention provided. The results showed there is an average level difference of knowledge, but statistically difference occurred on the knowledge and practice in an area with an intervention empowerment of cadres and local community groups. Local community groups such as religious group, social gathering, youth organization, etc can be an effective target for increasing knowledge about disease prevention aspects of DHF, raises awareness and triggered behavior change collectively. Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan khususnya Kota Prabumulih dalam beberapa tahun terakhir belum menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari intervensi, pemberdayaan kader dan kelompok masyarakat terhadap tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat. Intervensi yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah satu wilayah dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader jumantik dan kelompok ibu-ibu pengajian, wilayah yang kedua dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader jumantik, dan wilayah yang ketiga tanpa diberikan intervensi. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, namun secara statistik perbedaan yang bermakna terjadi pada aspek pengetahuan dan perilaku di daerah dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader dan kelompok masyarakat lokal. Kelompok masyarakat lokal seperti kelompok pengajian, arisan, karang taruna dan sebagainya dapat menjadi sasaran efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang aspek pencegahan penyakit DBD, menimbulkan kesadaran dan memicu terjadinya perubahan perilaku secara kolektif

Seismogenesis in Central Apennines, Italy: an integrated analysis of minor earthquake sequences and structural data in the Amatrice-Campotosto area

We present a seismotectonic study of the Amatrice-Campotosto area (Central Italy) based on an integrated analysis of minor earthquake sequences, geological data and crustal rheology. The area has been affected by three small-magnitude seismic sequences: August 1992 (M=3.9), June 1994 (M=3.7) and October 1996 (M=4.0). The hypocentral locations and fault plane solutions of the 1996 sequence are based on original data; the seismological features of the 1992 and 1994 sequences are summarised from literature. The active WSWdipping Mt. Gorzano normal fault is interpreted as the common seismogenic structure for the three analysed sequences. The mean state of stress obtained by inversion of focal mechanisms (WSW-ENE-trending deviatoric tension) is comparable to that responsible for finite Quaternary displacement, showing that the stress field has not changed since the onset of extensional tectonics. Available morphotectonic data integrated with original structural data show that the Mt. Gorzano Fault extends for ~28 km along strike. The along-strike displacement profile is typical of an isolated fault, without significant internal segmentation. The strong evidence of late Quaternary activity in the southern part of the fault (with lower displacement gradient) is explained in this work in terms of displacement profile readjustment within a fault unable to grow further laterally. The depth distribution of seismicity and the crustal rheology yield a thickness of ~15 km for the brittle layer. An area of ~530 km2 is estimated for the entire Mt. Gorzano Fault surface. In historical times, the northern portion of the fault was probably activated during the 1639 Amatrice earthquake (I = X, M~ 6.3), but this is not the largest event we expect on the fault. We propose that a large earthquake might activate the entire 28 km long Mt. Gorzano Fault, with an expected Mmax up to 6.7

Konfirmasi Anopheles Sinensis dan Anopheles Vagus sebagai Vektor Malaria di Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

. Muara Enim Regency is one of endemic malaria area in South Sumatera Province. The number of malaria clinical cases in 2015 is 9.382 cases with positive confirmed by microscopy is 143 cases (Annual parasite incidence = 0,26%o). There were no information or publication confirmed the vector of malaria in this regency. The aims of this study was to confirm species of Anopheles as malaria vector and its biting behavior in Muara Enim Regency. The study carried out two activity that were mosquito collection (indoor and outdoor) starts from 18.00 hours until 06.00 in the morning, and survey of the breeding habitat of pre-adult mosquito. The total of Anopheles mosquitoes collected were 1.443 and 200 mosquitoes were prepared for sporozoit identification by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Two species of Anopheles (of four mosquitoes), Anopheles sinensis and An. vagus, were confirmed sporozoit positive. Anopheles sinensis tends to bite outdoors while An. vagus prefer indoors. Both species actively biting at 9 p.m. until 4 a.m

Assessment of ground-motion amplification in the Fucino Basin (Central Italy) through seismic data

The Fucino basin (Central Italy) is one of the largest intermountain alluvial plain in the Appennines range. It has a tectonic origin related to the presence of important systems of faults located in its northern and eastern edges. Some of these faults are still active and capable of generating strong seismic events as the January 13th 1915 Ms 7.0 Avezzano earthquake (about 30000 casualties). Site effects related to the soft soils filling the basin can be very important also taking into account the presence of historical villages located at the edges of the basin and new settlements developed in the area. In this paper we show the preliminary results of a seismic network installed in the Fucino area in order to collect information about site amplification effects and geometry of the basin. A lake occupied the Fucino basin for many thousands of years and it was completely drained at the end of the 19th century. We analyze ambient seismic vibrations and recordings of about 150 local earthquakes mainly related to the seismic sequence of the April 6th 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila event. Moreover the strongest events of L’Aquila sequence were analyzed at the three strong-motion permanent stations operating in the area. Using standard spectral techniques we investigate the variation of resonance frequencies within the basin. The ground motion recorded in the Fucino plain is mainly characterized by strong energy at low-frequencies (f < 1 Hz) affecting both horizontal and vertical components. This is particularly evident for stations deployed in correspondence of very thick deposits of sedimentary filling, where a significant increase of ground-motion amplitude and duration is caused by locally generated surface waves. The amplification at low-frequencies (< 1 Hz) on the horizontal components can reach up a factor of 10 in comparison to nearby stiff sites. However, we found evidences of seismic amplification phenomena also for stiff sites surrounding the basin, including stations of the Italian strong motion network. The independent geological information, the shallow shear-velocity profiles available for the basin can be combined with resonance frequencies of the sites for deriving representative geological sections to be used as base for future numerical 2D-3D modeling of the seismic wave propagation in the basin. Seismic modeling can be important to reduce the seismic hazard in the area

Issues in Choosing the References to Use for Spectral Ratios from Observations and Modeling at Cavola Landslide in Northern Italy

A reference site has to be free of amplification or de-amplification effects, namely with no troughs and peaks in its Fourier amplitude spectrum. At the Cavola landslide we show that this spectrum is dependent on the direction of propagation of wave fronts for incidence angles in the range 30° to 90°. Our study is based on comparison of spectral ratios from observations and 2D numerical simulations. We have modeled propagation in a 2D profile for SH and SV waves with several incidence angles in the 0° ±90° range, where 0° and 90° are respectively vertical and horizontal incidence, except that ±90° denotes Rayleigh waves in the P-SV. We discuss in detail the result for angles of incidence of 0, ±20°, ±60°, ±90°. We have obtained observed horizontal-to-horizontal earthquakes spectral ratios using three reference sites. Two of these have matching receivers in the model, located at the opposite ends of the 2D profile. Overall observations are matched best when the reference site is located on the same side of the landslide as the incoming wave front. We also find general agreement of the observed H/H spectral ratios from earthquakes with H/V and H/H spectral ratios from noise, and the match between H/V values from noise and synthetic spectral ratios using an absolute, flat half-space reference is very good. On the other hand, 1D modeling performs poorly in comparison with 2D modeling in our case, for which the shape ratio h/D = 0.2 is intermediate between primarily-1D and strongly-2D wave propagation according to the classification of Bard and Bouchon (1985)

Perbandingan Indeks Larva Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue Pra dan Paska-Intervensi di Kota Prabumulih

Prabumulih city is one of dengue endemic area in South Sumatera Province with number of cases in 2011-2012 were 225 and 301 cases respectively. The research aims to determine the influence of jumantik accompanied by health promotion program to the larval mosquitoes indices. This is quasi-experimental study, carried out in three endemic areas of Prabumulih City in 2014. There were two intervention in two location and one location for non-intervention. In the first location, the intervention were larva surveillance by jumantik cadre, giving larvicide selectively, accompanied by health promotion program to community group (intervention I), in second location the intervention only for larvae surveillance by jumantik cadre (intervention II), and the third location giving no intervention.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Observation of immature mosquito was carried out in every location before and after intervention was given. The result showed an increase in Free larvae index of 19,8% in the intervention I , 12,5% in the intervention II and 5,3% in the no-intervention location. Indicator of breteau index showed a decrease in all location, 73,1% in the intervention I, 62,8% in the intervention II and 10,8% in the no-intervention location. Container index indicator showed a decrease in two intervention location, 10,2% in the intervention I, 6,6% in the intervention II, while in no-intervention location show an increase for 8%. Health promotion program about how to prevent dengue transmission through potential community groups could become an alternative effort to control vector population integrated with other control methods