Mogućnosti poboljšanja efekata rada ventilacionog sistema u odeljenjima prasilište i odgajalište na farmi svinja “Farkaždin”

Analysis of ventilation systems efficiency in farrowing room and nursery is presented in this paper. Those rooms are selected because of the most sensitive categories in pig production cycle. From this reason, these farm confinements should be carefully analyzed and, if possible, additionally equipped and specially adopted. Based on the present conditions analysis, this paper should suggest improvements of microclimate conditions in the researched confinements. Existing microclimate conditions are monitored in the piglets breath zone, in 12 measuring points, and the zones that are in front and between the fans, as well. Results of the existing conditions analysis emphasized the inefficiency of the present ventilation systems. Especially low effect is achieved in removal of harmful gasses and airborn dust particles. Along with the defined problems, possible solutions are suggested. The solutions included installation of additional ventilation equipment. Combined effects of the existing and the additional equipment, along with its possibilities for fine regulation, should significantly improve the existing conditions.U radu je prikazana analiza rada ventilacionih sistema u odeljenjima prasilišta i odgajališta. Ova odeljenja karakteristična su po tome što se u njima drže najosetljivije kategorije u svinjarskoj proizvodnji. Upravo stoga, ovim odeljenjima treba posvetiti pažnju, i ukoliko postoje mogućnosti i opravdanost uvođenja dodatnih uređaja i adaptacije objekata, iste treba razmotriti i uvesti u praksu. Cilj rada je da se na osnovu analize postojećeg stanja, veličine odeljenja i rasporeda bokseva, kao i rasporeda i broja ventilatora, formira predlog poboljšanja mikroklimatskih parametara u odeljenjima. Postojeće stanje mikroklime snimano je u zoni disanja životinja, u 12 mernih tačaka, pri čemu se vodilo računa da se obuhvati zona uticaja ventilatora, kao i delovi odeljenja gde je njihov efekat manje izražen. Analiza postojećeg stanja mikroklime otkrila je da su efekti rada postojećih sistema ventilacije nedovoljni. Pogotovo je slab efekat iznošenja gasovitih produkata i čestica prašine. Uz analizu, na osnovu uočenih problema, dati su i predlozi za prevazilaženje postojećih problema. Predložena rešenja podrazumevaju ugradnju dodatne ventilacione opreme. Kombinovanjem efekata rada postojeće opreme, sa dodatnom opremom, a pogotovo širokim mogućnostima njene regulacije, može se očekivati značajno poboljšanje postojećeg stanja

Vrste saobraćajnih nesreća sa traktorima u Makedoniji

In this paper are the results of the variety of traffic accidents with tractors in the agriculture of Macedonia. In the period of investigation from 1999 to 2008 occurred 883 traffic accidents with tractors of which 593 accidents in places in the cities and 290 near the cities. From total number 539 accidents resulting from collisions between tractors and other motor vehicle and 334, are divided into 6 types of accidents. Due to loss of control during accidents, usually lead to overturning and landing vehicles from the road where the individually recorded 110 accidents and 94 of these types of accidents. Most accidents occur in places near the cities where tractors and often moving on to regional and local roads.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja vrste nesreća sa traktorima u poljoprivredi Makedonije. U periodu istraživanja 1999 do 2008 godine dogodilo se ukupno 883 nesreća, od kojih 593 van naseljenih mesta i 290 u naseljenim mestima sa traktorima. Od ukupnog broja saobraćajnih nesreća 539 su rezultat međusobnih sudara traktora i ostalih motornih vozila, a 334 nesreća, su podeljene u 6 vrsta saobraćajnih nesreća. Zbog gubljenja kontrole nad vozilom u saobraćajnim nesrećama, najčešće dolazi do prevrtanja ili sletanja vozila sa puta gde je evidentirano 110, odnosno 94 nesreća ovih vrsta. Najviše nesreća događa se van naseljenih mesta gde se traktori i najčešće kreću po regionalnim i lokalnim putevima

Nesreće sa vozačima traktora u javnom saobraćaju na teritoriji Beograda

According to research agricultural tractors have a high risk of causing accidents and injuries of various degrees of participants in public transport. In the period from 2005. to 2010. in public transport in the city of Belgrade, 26 tractor drivers were tragically killed. In the same period, 79 tractor drivers were heavy injured (permanent disability), and 167 tractor drivers suffered minor injuries. Different and dangerous accidents and injuries caused by the tractor drivers, are still a reality in Belgrade, the largest city in Serbia. According to research of author, measures like: basic and special professional training of tractor drivers, professional and technical courses for the safe and proper use of the tractor, and the strict observance of traffic laws and technical regulations are missing.Prema istraživanju, poljoprivredni traktori imaju visok rizik pojave izazivanja nesreća i različitog stepena povređivanja učesnika u javnom saobraćaju. U periodu od 2005. do 2010. godine, u javnom saobraćaju na teritoriji grada Beograda, tragično je nastradalo 26 traktorista. U istom periodu utvrđen je broj od 79 teško povređenih (trajna invalidnost) vozača traktora, kao i 167 lako povređenih osoba. Različite i opasne nesreće i povrede u javnom saobraćaju koje izazivaju vozači traktora, i dalje su realnost na teritoriji Beograda, kao najvećeg grada u Srbiji. Prema istraživanju Autora nedostaju: osnovna i posebno dodatna stručna obuka rukovaoca traktora i mašinama, kao stručno-tehnički kursevi za sigurno i pravilno korišćenje traktora, i strogo poštovanje zakonskih saobraćajno-tehničkih regulativa

Efekti mehanizovanog načina aplikacije tečnog startnog đubriva u proizvodnji kukuruza

Conventional corn production assumes usage of standard inorganic fertilizers which can be added to the soil by different methods. Unlike conventional production, this research was conducted with assumption that by using different application rates of basic and liquid starter fertilizers, as well as, with improved method of their application, higher yield values and lower moisture content of harvested kernels would be realized. This paper explored influence of mechanized application with different rates and ways of broadcasting basic and liquid starter fertilizer to the soil for corn production. Liquid starter fertilizers were applied concurrently with plantation in two ways: in lanes and spots individually for each plant. The results obtained show that kernel yield was higher in areas where starter fertilizer application was performed for 1.79 t•ha-1, while kernel moisture contents was 3.6% lower compared to results obtained over control surfaces.Konvencionalna proizvodnja kukuruza podrazumeva upotrebu standardnih mineralnih hraniva koja se u zemljiše mogu uneti na različite načine. Za razliku od konvencionalne proizvodnje, ova istraživanja su sprovedena uz predpostavku da će se primenom različitih normi osnovnih i tečnih startnih đubriva kao i unapređenim načinom njihove aplikacije ostvariti veće vrednosti prinosa i niži sadržaj vlage ubranog zrna. U radu je istraživan uticaj mehanizovane aplikacije različitih normi i načina unošenja osnovnog i tečnog startnog đubriva u zemljište pri proizvodnji merkantilnog kukuruza. Aplikacija tečnih startnih đubriva vršena je istovremeno sa setvom i to na dva načina: u trake i tačke pojedinačno za svaku biljku. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je prinos zrna na površinama gde je vršena aplikacija startnog đubriva viši za 1,79 t•ha-1, dok je sadržaj vlažnosti zrna niži za 3,6% u odnosu na rezultate dobijene na kontrolnoj površini

Mehanizovani postupci pripreme i obrade komposta od rezidbenih ostataka voćarsko-vinogradarske proizvodnje

This paper is part of research about the effects of mechanized process of fragmentation of pruning residues on the composting process. Compost, as a form of organic fertilizer, requires specific production treatment depending on the form of biomass. Pruning residues from fruit-vine production can be translated into quality organic fertilizer, but it is necessary to coordinate mechanized treatment of biomass and technology of composting process with microbiological processes for organic matter decomposition.Rad predstavlja deo istraživanja uticaja mehanizovanih procesa usitnjavanja rezidbenih ostataka na proces kompostiranja. Kompost kao vid organskog đubriva zahteva specifičan tretman proizvodnje u zavisnosti od vida biomase. Rezidbeni ostaci iz voćarsko-vinogradarske proizvodnje se mogu prevesti u kvalitetno organsko đubrivo, ali je potrebno uskladiti mehanizovane procese obrade biomase i tehnologiju kompostiranja sa mikrobiološkim procesima razlaganja organske materije

Analiza energetske efikasnosti sušenja semenskog kukuruza u Institutu za kukuruz “Zemun Polje“ u Zemunu

In this paper actual parameter analysis of corn seed energy eficiency drying process was performed in Maize research institute „Zemun polje“ in Zemun. Energy consumption data and performances of old – natural gas based system and new – corncob combustion based system were compared and analyzed. This paper deals with basic improvement measures, biomass usage and corncob usage validation in this type of industrial systems.U ovom radu je analizirana i ispitana energetska efikasnost sušenja semenskog kukuruza u doradnom centru Instituta za kukuruz “Zemun Polje“ u Zemunu. Podaci o radu starog sistema sušenja koji je kao energent koristio prirodni gas, analizirani su i upoređeni sa energetskim parametrima novog sistema, koji kao energent koristi usitnjeni oklasak dobijen u procesu krunjenja semenskog kukuruza. Rad se takođe bavi i razmatranjem ekoloških aspekata korišćenja oklaska kao goriva i tehnoekonomskom opravdanošću primene primene ovakvog sistema sušenja

Ascending central canal dilation and progressive ependymal disruption in a contusion model of rodent chronic spinal cord injury

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to an insidious decline in motor and sensory function in individuals even years after the initial injury and is accompanied by a slow and progressive cytoarchitectural destruction. At present, no pathological mechanisms satisfactorily explain the ongoing degeneration.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized laminectomized at T10 and received spinal cord contusion injuries with a force of 250 kilodynes using an Infinite Horizon Impactor. Animals were randomly distributed into 5 groups and killed 1 (n = 4), 28 (n = 4), 120 (n = 4), 450 (n = 5), or 540 (n = 5) days after injury. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were then performed on 1 mm block sections, 6 mm cranial and 6 mm caudal to the lesion epicenter. The SPSS 11.5 t test was used to determine differences between quantitative measures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we document the first report of an ascending central canal dilation and progressive ependymal disruption cranial to the epicenter of injury in a contusion model of chronic SCI, which was characterized by extensive dural fibrosis and intraparenchymal cystic cavitation. Expansion of the central canal lumen beyond a critical diameter corresponded with ependymal cell ciliary loss, an empirically predictable thinning of the ependymal region, and a decrease in cell proliferation in the ependymal region. Large, aneurysmal dilations of the central canal were accompanied by disruptions in the ependymal layer, periependymal edema and gliosis, and destruction of the adjacent neuropil.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Cells of the ependymal region play an important role in CSF homeostasis, cellular signaling and wound repair in the spinal cord. The possible effects of this ascending pathology on ependymal function are discussed. Our studies suggest central canal dilation and ependymal region disruption as steps in the pathogenesis of chronic SCI, identify central canal dilation as a marker of chronic SCI and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.</p

Measuring the efficiency of banks: the bootstrapped I-distance GAR DEA approach

The efficiency of the banking sector, particularly in developing countries, has captivated the attention of various researchers. Contributing to this issue, we present the results of in-depth analysis of the efficiency of Serbian banks during the period 2005–2016. Unlike previous papers evaluating the efficiency of South-Eastern European banks, we emphasize the importance of applying weight restrictions in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The aim is to incorporate every aspect of a decision-making unit’s performance to avoid misevaluation of a bank’s efficiency. As a possible remedy to the issue, a bootstrapped I-distance is suggested as a statistically sound framework for determining weight bounds in the Global Assurance Region (GAR) DEA model. In terms of average efficiency, the banking sector of Serbia exhibits an improving trend over the period analyzed. The results show how banks can be evaluated when the impact of all the operating inputs and outputs are properly factored into the study

Ascending central canal dilation and progressive ependymal disruption in a contusion model of rodent chronic spinal cord injury

Background: Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to an insidious decline in motor and sensory function in individuals even years after the initial injury and is accompanied by a slow and progressive cytoarchitectural destruction. At present, no pathological mechanisms satisfactorily explain the ongoing degeneration. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized laminectomized at T10 and received spinal cord contusion injuries with a force of 250 kilodynes using an Infinite Horizon Impactor. Animals were randomly distributed into 5 groups and killed 1 ( n = 4), 28 ( n = 4), 120 ( n = 4), 450 ( n = 5), or 540 ( n = 5) days after injury. Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were then performed on 1 mm block sections, 6 mm cranial and 6 mm caudal to the lesion epicenter. The SPSS 11.5 t test was used to determine differences between quantitative measures. Results: Here, we document the first report of an ascending central canal dilation and progressive ependymal disruption cranial to the epicenter of injury in a contusion model of chronic SCI, which was characterized by extensive dural fibrosis and intraparenchymal cystic cavitation. Expansion of the central canal lumen beyond a critical diameter corresponded with ependymal cell ciliary loss, an empirically predictable thinning of the ependymal region, and a decrease in cell proliferation in the ependymal region. Large, aneurysmal dilations of the central canal were accompanied by disruptions in the ependymal layer, periependymal edema and gliosis, and destruction of the adjacent neuropil. Conclusion: Cells of the ependymal region play an important role in CSF homeostasis, cellular signaling and wound repair in the spinal cord. The possible effects of this ascending pathology on ependymal function are discussed. Our studies suggest central canal dilation and ependymal region disruption as steps in the pathogenesis of chronic SCI, identify central canal dilation as a marker of chronic SCI and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention

Sustainable development and public health: rating European countries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sustainable development and public health quite strongly correlate, being connected and conditioned by one another. This paper therein attempts to offer a representation of Europe’s current situation of sustainable development in the area of public health.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A dataset on sustainable development in the area of public health consisting of 31 European countries (formally proposed by the European Union Commission and EUROSTAT) has been used in this paper in order to evaluate said issue for the countries listed thereof. A statistical method which synthesizes several indicators into one quantitative indicator has also been utilized. Furthermore, the applied method offers the possibility to obtain an optimal set of variables for future studies of the problem, as well as for the possible development of indicators.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>According to the results obtained, Norway and Iceland are the two foremost European countries regarding sustainable development in the area of public health, whereas Romania, Lithuania, and Latvia, some of the European Union’s newest Member States, rank lowest. The results also demonstrate that the most significant variables (more than 80%) in rating countries are found to be “healthy life years at birth, females” (r² = 0.880), “healthy life years at birth, males” (r² = 0.864), “death rate due to chronic diseases, males” (r² = 0.850), and “healthy life years, 65, females” (r² = 0.844).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on the results of this paper, public health represents a precondition for sustainable development, which should be continuously invested in and improved.</p> <p>After the assessment of the dataset, proposed by EUROSTAT in order to evaluate progress towards the agreed goals of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), this paper offers an improved set of variables, which it is hoped, may initiate further studies concerning this problem.</p