Determination of the efficiency and the total loss coefficient of the 2m2 flat plate collector, using a test bench according to NTP 399.400 in Arequipa

Arequipa es una ciudad con más de 70000 Sistemas de Calentamiento de Agua con Energía Solar (SCAES), existen más de 30 fabricantes de termas solares que no tienen laboratorios propios para poder determinar las características térmicas y la eficiencia. Se instaló un banco de pruebas para evaluar la eficiencia de los colectores solares de placa plana, bajo la norma técnica peruana NTP 399.400 2001. Tres colectores utilizados son de 2m2 sirvieron para determinar el rango de valores de eficiencias máximas como del coeficiente global de pérdidas del sistema SCAES. Valores no determinados anteriormente con un módulo estandarizado.Arequipa is a peruvian south city with more than 70000 Solar Energy Water Heating Systems (know in spanish as SCAES). In this area there are more than 30 solar thermal manufacturers. They do not have laboratories to collet standarized data about characteristics and efficiency of their SCAES. In this research, a group of test was installed to evaluate the efficiency of three flat plat solar collectors (2m2). This study was made under the Peruvian technical standard NTP 399.400 2001. As result, the range of maximum efficiency values and the global coefficient of losses of the SCAES was found.Revisión por pares de doble ciegoCampus Arequip

Solar thermoelectric cooling technology applied to transport of vaccines in isolated communities

Solar thermoelectric cooling technology applied to transport ofA thermoelectric cooling system supplied by photovoltaic solar energy was built and evaluated with different thermal loads. The thermoelectric cooling module consumes 70 W, it is supplied by a photovoltaic system of 90 W and 40 Ah battery. The voltage and electrical current in each component (panels, battery, and electric charge) has been measured. The tests were performed with different thermal loads placed in glass containers used for vaccines. To analyze the cooling and preservation process, the experiments were started at room temperature. The results show that the thermoelectric cooling system works for small thermal loads, and it could be applied to transport vaccines in isolated areas where people carry medicines in small containers that do not maintain the temperature necessary for the conservation of vaccines. vaccines in isolated communities.Campus Arequip

Sizing methodology for photovoltaic systems considering coupling of solar energy potential and the electric load: dynamic simulation and financial assessment

A reliable methodology for the dimensioning of photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. This method generates technical-financial variables that aid in the choice of the most adequate photovoltaic power system for each project. The techniques that are usually used determine the size of PV power plants considering the monthly average of the solar energy potential of the month with the lowest solar radiation and the electricity to be supplied to satisfy the demand. These conventional techniques generate an uncertainty of at least 40 %, mainly due to the daily dispersion of the solar energy availability and of the electric load. The proposed methodology takes into account a region’s own photovoltaic energy potential and the detailed characteristics of the electric load, matching both with different PV power plants sizes, and analyzing the whole during a time period that guarantees the reliability of the results. The energy coupling is performed integrating the energy parameters (solar energy and electric load) in short time intervals (30 minutes maximum) to determine the supplied energy, the unsupplied energy demand and the unused solar energy. The daily integration of the three factors, using a dynamic simulation and performing a financial evaluation, allows for the identification of the most appropriate PV power plant size for every project. The results indicate that this methodology reduces the uncertainty of the solar power-electric load coupling from 40 % to 2.2 %, which allows a better definition of the financial variables that determine the most appropriate installed solar power for a photovoltaic project.Campus Arequip

Implementation of sensory stimulation technology in an interactive room for the diffusion of wine making activities

El presente proyecto de innovación intenta impulsar la promoción y difusión de las actividades de vinificación a través de la introducción de la tecnología de "estimulación sensorial dinámica" (DSS). El primer objetivo de este trabajo es describir la implementación de un salón interactivo que utiliza esta tecnología para mostrar algunas características organolépticas del pisco y el vino. La tecnología DSS está equipada con equipos sincronizados que brindan a los visitantes una experiencia sensorial integral que consiste en estimulación climática, similar a la del viñedo (principalmente en cuanto a temperatura y humedad relativa); estimulación olfativa con diferentes aromas a través de un aerosol controlado (simulando la recolección de olores asociados con los procesos de fermentación y destilación); estimulación científico-gustativa (degustación técnica); y estimulación audiovisual a través de imágenes y sonidos típicos de un viñedo. El segundo objetivo del artículo es describir la percepción y el nivel de satisfacción de los visitantes de la sala interactiva. Los resultados indican que es posible utilizar la tecnología DSS en un salón interactivo para promover la difusión de las actividades de vinificación en Arequipa, Perú.The present innovation project attempts to bolster the promotion and diffusion of wine-making activities through the introduction of 'dynamic sensory stimulation' technology (DSS). The first objective of this paper is to describe the implementation of an interactive lounge that uses this technology for the display of some organoleptic characteristics of pisco and wine. DSS technology is outfitted with synchronized equipment which provides the visitors with an integral, sensory experience consisting of climatic stimulation, similar to the one of the vineyard (principally in regard to temperature and relative humidity); olfactory stimulation with different aromas via a controlled spray (simulating the collection of smells associated with the processes of fermentation and distillation); scientific-gustatory stimulation (technical tasting); and audiovisual stimulation through images and sounds typical of a vineyard. The paper's second aim is to describe the perception and satisfaction level of the visitors of the interactive lounge. The results indicate that it is possible to utilize DSS technology in an interactive lounge in order to further the diffusion of wine-making activities in Arequipa, Peru.Revisión por paresCampus Arequip

Experimental study of a photovoltaic direct current water pumping system for irrigation in rural-isolated Region of Arequipa, Peru

In the present experimental study, a photovoltaic (PV)-powered system in continuous current (4 kW) for the pumping of water in an isolated, rural agricultural zone in Arequipa—Peru was analyzed. A meteorological station was installed in the studied zone, measuring solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The electrical and hydraulic parameters of the solar-pumping system (i.e., electric current, voltage, mass flow, and hydraulic pressure) were measured in order to evaluate the efficiency of the energy transformation processes. The results indicate that, during the year of 2017, the PV pumping system in direct current (DC) functions from 07 h 30 min to 15 h 30 min, during an average of 8 h a day. The PV array, hydraulic, and global efficiencies were evaluated. This allows for the interpretation of efficiency independent of solar irradiance. The efficiency of the PV array and global efficiency remained constant (11.5% f and 8.5%, respectively). The functioning interval of the PV array ranges from 880 W up to 3400 W, making evident the versatility of the system of generation and consumption in DC, which is able to function since solar irradiance is at least 200 W/m2, corresponding to 880 W of PV array power, 27 m of total dynamic head (TDH) and 2 kg/s of mass flow,and 70% hydraulic efficiency. With greater mass flows (6.3 kg/s), the PV array power was 3256 W with a hydraulic efficiency of 55%, a TDH of 30 m, and a peak solar irradiance of 1190 W/m2. When the whole system functions in DC, the efficiencies are superior to those of systems, which operate with DC/alternating current (AC) current invertersrevisión por paresCampus Arequip

Supercooling water in cylindrical capsules

An experimental apparatus was developed to investigate the supercooling phenomenon of water inside cylindrical capsules used for a cold storage process. The coolant is a water-alcohol mixture controlled by a constant temperature bath (CTB). Temperatures varying with time are measured inside and outside the capsule. Cylinders with an internal diameter and thickness of 45 and 1.5mm, respectively, were made from four different materials: acrylic, PVC, brass, and aluminum. The supercooling period of the water and the nucleation temperature were investigated for different coolant temperatures. The supercooling and nucleation probabilities are shown as a function of the coolant temperature for the four different materials. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.Trabajo de investigació

Influence of dust deposition, wind and rain on photovoltaic panels efficiency in Arequipa – Peru

The present study the influence of dust, wind and rain on the performance of a photovoltaic was evaluated. To determine efficiency of panels influenced by external factors, a system was designed and installed, voltage, electric current, solar irradiance and temperatures were measured. Three types of dust were used to simulate the atmospheric dust; cement, ashlar and clay. Parameter considered for deposition of the powders was surface density (g/m2). Particle size was determined by granulometry, samples were analyzed by SEM/EDS. For the wind factor, three speeds were determined within a range of average speeds recorded in urban areas, tests were carried out in natural rain conditions. Results show that 06:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. energy generation efficiency of panels decreases due to increase of dust deposition. As well, it is shown that influence of wind increases efficiency slightly and that the performance of panels is directly influenced in rainy conditions

Solar thermoelectric cooling technology applied to transport of vaccines in isolated communities

A thermoelectric cooling system supplied by photovoltaic solar energy was built and evaluated with different thermal loads. The thermoelectric cooling module consumes 70 W, it is supplied by a photovoltaic system of 90 W and 40 Ah battery. The voltage and electrical current in each component (panels, battery, and electric charge) has been measured. The tests were performed with different thermal loads placed in glass containers used for vaccines. To analyze the cooling and preservation process, the experiments were started at room temperature. The results show that the thermoelectric cooling system works for small thermal loads, and it could be applied to transport vaccines in isolated areas where people carry medicines in small containers that do not maintain the temperature necessary for the conservation of vaccines

Sizing methodology for photovoltaic systems considering coupling of solar energy potential and the electric load: dynamic simulation and financial assessment

A reliable methodology for the dimensioning of photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. This method generates technical-financial variables that aid in the choice of the most adequate photovoltaic power system for each project. The techniques that are usually used determine the size of PV power plants considering the monthly average of the solar energy potential of the month with the lowest solar radiation and the electricity to be supplied to satisfy the demand. These conventional techniques generate an uncertainty of at least 40 %, mainly due to the daily dispersion of the solar energy availability and of the electric load. The proposed methodology takes into account a region’s own photovoltaic energy potential and the detailed characteristics of the electric load, matching both with different PV power plants sizes, and analyzing the whole during a time period that guarantees the reliability of the results. The energy coupling is performed integrating the energy parameters (solar energy and electric load) in short time intervals (30 minutes maximum) to determine the supplied energy, the unsupplied energy demand and the unused solar energy. The daily integration of the three factors, using a dynamic simulation and performing a financial evaluation, allows for the identification of the most appropriate PV power plant size for every project. The results indicate that this methodology reduces the uncertainty of the solar power-electric load coupling from 40 % to 2.2 %, which allows a better definition of the financial variables that determine the most appropriate installed solar power for a photovoltaic project

A photovoltaic solar system applied to rural household in Peru

The present research study aims to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic systems applied to homes in isolated areas. This experimental study was carried using a prototype of a rural house, located at the Technological University of Peru - Arequipa, Peru. The photovoltaic solar system, connected to the prototype house, supplied its electric loads (TV, Blu-ray, radio, refrigerator, blender, heater, washing machine, fan, iron), which were programmed to be turned on and off using digital timers during a period of 3 months (March, April and May 2020). The measured parameters were the solar power, the consumed electrical power and the electrical power of what would be an auxiliary source of energy (electric generator, for example) in case the solar resource is unavailable. The results indicate that the photovoltaic solar system could store the unused solar energy to supply the nighttime electrical loads, ensuring, in this way, the autonomy of the energy system