2,724 research outputs found
Near-threshold production of , and at a fixed-target experiment at the future ultra-high-energy proton colliders
We outline the opportunities to study the production of the Standard Model
bosons, , and at "low" energies at fixed-target experiments
based at possible future ultra-high-energy proton colliders, \ie\ the
High-Energy LHC, the Super proton-proton Collider and the Future Circular
Collider -- hadron-hadron. These can be indeed made in conjunction with the
proposed future colliders designed to reach up to TeV by using
bent crystals to extract part of the halo of the beam which would then impinge
on a fixed target. Without disturbing the collider operation, this technique
allows for the extraction of a substantial amount of particles in addition to
serve for a beam-cleaning purpose. With this method, high-luminosity
fixed-target studies at centre-of-mass energies above the , and
masses, GeV, are possible. We also discuss the
possibility offered by an internal gas target, which can also be used as
luminosity monitor by studying the beam transverse shape
Do crowding-out effects explain the low effect of a health promotion intervention among young people at a vocational school?
In recent years, school-based interventions have increasingly been used as a strategy to promote good eating habits and physical activity among young people at school. However, little is known about the effect that this kind of public involvement has on the overall behavior of young people. Economists refer to the existence of a crowding-out effect when public sector engagement in influencing behavior is counteracted by behaviors at the individual level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a health promotion intervention program among young people at a vocational school on the overall behavior of the students and consider whether a crowding-out effect existed when it came to health behavior. This study used data from the Gearing up the Body (GUB) intervention that was carried out at the vocational school of Uddannelsescenter Holstebro, Denmark. The study included 130 students from two vocational programs. Answers were collected from survey questions in three waves. Our results showed that intervening in the school setting had the intended impact on physical activity but an unintended impact on eating behavior. In the GUB study, we found signs of countervailing behaviors in and out of school that need to be further explored
Emission control strategies for short-chain chloroparaffins in two semi-hypothetical case cities
The short-chain chloroparaffins (SCCP), (C10-13 chloroalkanes) are identified in the European Water Framework Directive, as priority hazardous substances. Within the ScorePP project, the aim is to develop emission control strategies that can be employed to reduce emissions from urban areas into receiving waters. Six different scenarios for mitigating SCCP emissions in two different semi-hypothetical case cities representing eastern inland and northern coastal conditions have been evaluated. The analysis, associated with scenario uncertainty, indicates that the EU legislation, Best Available Technologies (BAT) and stormwater/CSO management were the most favorable in reducing emissions into the environment
Experimental investigation of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect in low-Z targets
In the CERN NA63 collaboration we have addressed the question of the
potential inadequacy of the commonly used Migdal formulation of the
Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect by measuring the photon emission by 20
and 178 GeV electrons in the range 100 MeV - 4 GeV, in targets of
LowDensityPolyEthylene (LDPE), C, Al, Ti, Fe, Cu, Mo and, as a reference
target, Ta. For each target and energy, a comparison between simulated values
based on the LPM suppression of incoherent bremsstrahlung is shown, taking
multi-photon effects into account. For these targets and energies, we find that
Migdal's theoretical formulation is adequate to a precision of better than
about 5%, irrespective of the target substance.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figure
Variable O<sub>3</sub> episodesâ influence on yield and physiology in old and new wheat varieties under a climate change regime with elevated temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> levels
Dynamics of grain ejection by sphere impact on a granular bed
The dynamics of grain ejection consecutive to a sphere impacting a granular
material is investigated experimentally and the variations of the
characteristics of grain ejection with the control parameters are
quantitatively studied. The time evolution of the corona formed by the ejected
grains is reported, mainly in terms of its diameter and height, and favourably
compared with a simple ballistic model. A key characteristic of the granular
corona is that the angle formed by its edge with the horizontal granular
surface remains constant during the ejection process, which again can be
reproduced by the ballistic model. The number and the kinetic energy of the
ejected grains is evaluated and allows for the calculation of an effective
restitution coefficient characterizing the complex collision process between
the impacting sphere and the fine granular target. The effective restitution
coefficient is found to be constant when varying the control parameters.Comment: 9 page
Simulating Gyrokinetic Microinstabilities in Stellarator Geometry with GS2
The nonlinear gyrokinetic code GS2 has been extended to treat
non-axisymmetric stellarator geometry. Electromagnetic perturbations and
multiple trapped particle regions are allowed. Here, linear, collisionless,
electrostatic simulations of the quasi-axisymmetric, three-field period
National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) design QAS3-C82 have been
successfully benchmarked against the eigenvalue code FULL. Quantitatively, the
linear stability calculations of GS2 and FULL agree to within ~10%.Comment: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas. 9 pages, 14 figure
Preparation and In Vitro Release of Drug-Loaded Microparticlesfor Oral Delivery Using Wholegrain Sorghum Kafirin Protein
Kafirin microparticles have been proposed as an oral nutraceutical and drug delivery system. This study investigates microparticles formed with kafirin extracted from white and raw versus cooked red sorghum grains as an oral delivery system. Targeted delivery to the colon would be beneficial for medication such as prednisolone, which is used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, prednisolone was loaded into microparticles of kafirin from the different sources using phase separation. Differences were observed in the protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, and protein electrophoretic profile of the various sources of sorghum grains, kafirin extracts, and kafirin microparticles. For all of the formulations, the majority of the loaded prednisolone was not released in in vitro conditions simulating the upper gastrointestinal tract, indicating that most of the encapsulated drug could reach the target area of the lower gastrointestinal tract. This suggests that these kafirin microparticles may have potential as a colon-targeted nutraceutical and drug delivery system
Kinetic hindrance during the initial oxidation of Pd(100) at ambient pressures
The oxidation of the Pd(100) surface at oxygen pressures in the 10^-6 to 10^3
mbar range and temperatures up to 1000 K has been studied in-situ by surface
x-ray diffraction (SXRD). The results provide direct structural information on
the phases present in the surface region and on the kinetics of the oxide
formation. Depending on the (T,p) environmental conditions we either observe a
thin sqrt(5) x sqrt(5) R27 surface oxide or the growth of a rough, poorly
ordered bulk oxide film of PdO predominantly with (001) orientation. By either
comparison to the surface phase diagram from first-principles atomistic
thermodynamics or by explicit time-resolved measurements we identify a strong
kinetic hindrance to the bulk oxide formation even at temperatures as high as
675 K.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figures, Related publications can be found at
http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm
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