Fig. 7 in Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Fig. 7. Effects of 10 µM taxol (A) and 10 µM cytochalasin B (B) on Ca2+/overpopulation-mediated globulation of C. cucullus Nag-1 (A-1, B-1) and ciliary resorption (A-2, B-2). A-1, B-1 − The rate of encysting (rounded) cells was expressed as a percentage of the total number of tested cells (100 randomly selected cells). Open squares (negative control). The cells were suspended in 1 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2) solu- tion without inhibitors at low cell density ( 30,000 cells/ml) (Ca2+/overpopulation stimulation). In this condition, the encystment was markedly induced. Open circles (experiment). The cells were suspended in an encystment-inducing medium containing taxol (Ta) or cytochalasin B (CB) at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml). Points and attached bars correspond to the means of 5 measurements (100 cells per measurement) obtained from different batches and standard errors, respectively. A-2, B-2 − Length of cilia at 2 h after onset of encystment induction in the presence or absence of taxol (Ta) or cytochalasin B (CB). In the negative control [Induced without 'Ta' (0 h) or Induced without 'CB' (0 h)], the cultured cells were collected, then suspended in encystment-inducing medium, and quickly fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. In the positive control [Induced without 'Ta' (2 h) or Induced without 'CB' (2 h)], the cells were suspended for 2 h in an encystment-inducing medium without inhibitors at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml), and then fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. In the experimental groups [Induced with 'Ta' (2 h) or Induced with 'CB' (2 h)], the cells were suspended for 2 h in an encystment-inducing medium containing inhibitors at high cell density (> 30,000 cells/ml), and then fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde. Columns and attached bars correspond to the means in 26 cells and standard errors, respectively.Published as part of Sogame, Yoichiro, Kojima, Katsuhiko, Takeshita, Toshikazu, Kikuchi, Shiho, Shimada, Yuto, Nakamura, Rikiya, Arikawa, Mikihiko, Miyata, Seiji, Kinoshita, Eiji, Suizu, Futoshi & Matsuoka, Tatsuomi, 2020, Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics, pp. 107-120 in Acta Protozoologica 59 on page 117, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264, http://zenodo.org/record/835695

Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Sogame, Yoichiro, Kojima, Katsuhiko, Takeshita, Toshikazu, Kikuchi, Shiho, Shimada, Yuto, Nakamura, Rikiya, Arikawa, Mikihiko, Miyata, Seiji, Kinoshita, Eiji, Suizu, Futoshi, Matsuoka, Tatsuomi (2020): Analysis of Water-Soluble Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in the Encystment Process of Colpoda cucullus Nag-1 and Cytoskeletal Dynamics. Acta Protozoologica 59: 107-120, DOI: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.009.13264, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16890027ap.20.009.1326

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era