Light-Induced Degradation Mechanism in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/Fullerene Blend Solar Cells

The mechanism of light-induced degradation in organic solar cells based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and indene-C60 bisadduct is studied by transient absorption (TA) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. After 45 h light exposure under simulated solar illumination at 100 mW cm-2, the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor are all degraded by about 20%-30% relative to the initial photovoltaic parameters. For the assignment of limiting conversion processes in the degraded solar cells, exciton diffusion into a donor/acceptor interface, charge transfer at the interface, charge dissociation into free charge carriers, and charge collection to each electrode are observed before and after the light exposure by the TA measurement. As a result, it is found that the charge collection deteriorates after the light exposure because of light-induced charge trap formation in the bulk of the active layer. The origin of charge traps is further discussed on the basis of ESR measurements and density functional theory calculation

イメージ センタード デザイン ニヨル カンセイテキ インタフェース ノ ケンキュウ

研究背景 電子技術･IT技術の発展に伴い，モノと人間との距離は次第に離れてしまった。インタフェース･デザインの領域では，見ただけでは機能がわからず使えない。情報が膨大になり必要な情報にアクセスできない，などという解決の難しい問題が山積している。このような問題が解決されないまま，モノや技術の普及により，ユーザやニーズの多様化時代を向かえ，新たなる次の問題が生まれている。これらの問題を解決するために，誰もが使いやすいわかりやすいインタフェース･デザインが求められている。そのためには，｢共感し分かり合う｣という人間の基本的能力に働きかけるような，イメージを中心にしたインタラクションが有効と考えられる。筑波大学博士 (感性科学) 学位論文・平成17年3月25日授与 (乙第2114号)標題紙，論文概要，目次 -- 序章 -- 第I部　ICDを行うための方法の検討 -- 第II部　ICDによるGUIデザインの実践 -- 終章 -- 参考文

Eye gaze during observation of static faces in deaf people.

Knowing where people look when viewing faces provides an objective measure into the part of information entering the visual system as well as into the cognitive strategy involved in facial perception. In the present study, we recorded the eye movements of 20 congenitally deaf (10 male and 10 female) and 23 (11 male and 12 female) normal-hearing Japanese participants while they evaluated the emotional valence of static face stimuli. While no difference was found in the evaluation scores, the eye movements during facial observations differed among participant groups. The deaf group looked at the eyes more frequently and for longer duration than the nose whereas the hearing group focused on the nose (or the central region of face) more than the eyes. These results suggest that the strategy employed to extract visual information when viewing static faces may differ between deaf and hearing people