Культурные коннотации зоонимов в русской и китайской фразеологии

The article is devoted to the analysis of the semantics of zoonyms, functioning as components of idiomatic units. In all languages, zoonyms have connotative features in their lexical meaning that serve as a basis for the formation of a metaphorical nomination. The aim of the article is to identify the cultural connotations of zoonyms in Russian and Chinese phraseology. The authors use the method of contextual analysis and linguistic interpretation. The material for the analysis comes from dictionaries of Russian and Chinese idioms, including the names of the twelve animals of the Chinese calendar: rat, ox, tiger, cat, dragon, snake, horse, goat (sheep), monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. The analysis helps reveal nominations that are non-equivalent or comparable. There are ten zoonyms in Russian phraseology out of the twelve zoonyms that can be found in Chinese idioms. The tiger (虎) and the dragon (龙) are specific to Chinese culture. In both systems zoonyms are used in idioms to describe a person. Zoonymic metaphorical models in the Russian language often point to the negative qualities of a person, whereas in Chinese culture more names symbolise positive qualities of a person. From the point of view of overall assessment, zoonyms in both languages are divided into three groups — positive, pejorative, and ambivalent.Статья посвящена анализу семантики зоонимической лексики, функционирующей в качестве компонентов фразеологических единиц. Зоонимы во всех языках имеют в лексическом значении коннотативные признаки, служащие основой формирования метафорической номинации и определяющие фразеообразующий потенциал номинаций животных. Цель исследования — выявить культурные коннотации зоонимов в русской и китайской фразеологии. В работе использованы методы контекстуального анализа и лингвокультурологическая интерпретация. Материалом явились извлеченные из словарей русские и китайские фразеологизмы, в состав которых входят названия двенадцати животных китайского календаря: крыса, бык, тигр, кот, дракон, змея, лошадь, коза (овца), обезьяна, петух, собака, свинья. В результате анализа выделены безэквивалентные и сопоставимые номинации. Из двенадцати известных по китайской фразеологии зоонимов в русских фразеологизмах представлены десять. Национально специфическими китайскими номинациями являются («дракон») и («тигр»). Все зоонимы в обеих фразеологических системах характеризуют человека. При использовании зоонимных метафорических моделей в русском языке чаще отмечаются отрицательные черты человека, тогда как в китайской культуре больше зоонимов символизируют положительные качества человека. С точки зрения общей оценки анализируемые зоонимы в обоих языках составляют три группы — с мелиоративной оценкой, пейоративной оценкой и амбивалентные

Wechselwirkung von dünnen Schichten aus HVZ Polyestern im wässrigen Medium mit Modellproteinen

The dissertation work focuses on the whole route of material development starting from the investigations of properties of the initial (raw) HBPs to their applications. Each research step is given in a separate chapter to enhance attention to various aspects of the aim of the work. Thus, every chapter is started with an introduction. After that, the methods applied and experimental procedure are described. Next part tries to give the comprehensive description of the results obtained. At the end of the chapter, the main points are summarized. The Chapter 1 gives the theoretical description of the main experimental techniques used in this work. In Chapter 2 the chemical (chemical composition, purity, typical structure elements) and physical (glass transition temperature, the temperature of the maximum decomposition, the thermal stability at the high temperatures, molar mass, polydispersity and possible aggregation in solution) properties examined by different techniques of polymer analysis are described. The Chapter 3 is divided into three separate parts: In Chapter 3.1 the description of the formation and modification of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl terminated HBP is presented to reveal the information of hydroxyl groups re- and/or association due to the high temperatures applied. In Chapter 3.2 the nature of the solid-liquid interface of HBP thin films have been studied by different surface sensitive techniques with respect to further protein adsorption investigations. In Chapter 3.3 the strategy for the fabrication of surface attached carboxyl terminated HBP using "grafting to" technique is developed. The Chapter 4 consists of two parts: The first (theoretic) part outlines the basic principles of protein chemistry, factors influencing on the protein molecule stability in aqueous medium, the mechanism of protein adsorption and forces involved in the adsorption process. In the second part the combination of different in situ techniques was applied to obtain a comprehensive description of complex adsorption processes of protein molecules on different polymer surfaces

Wechselwirkung von dünnen Schichten aus HVZ Polyestern im wässrigen Medium mit Modellproteinen

The dissertation work focuses on the whole route of material development starting from the investigations of properties of the initial (raw) HBPs to their applications. Each research step is given in a separate chapter to enhance attention to various aspects of the aim of the work. Thus, every chapter is started with an introduction. After that, the methods applied and experimental procedure are described. Next part tries to give the comprehensive description of the results obtained. At the end of the chapter, the main points are summarized. The Chapter 1 gives the theoretical description of the main experimental techniques used in this work. In Chapter 2 the chemical (chemical composition, purity, typical structure elements) and physical (glass transition temperature, the temperature of the maximum decomposition, the thermal stability at the high temperatures, molar mass, polydispersity and possible aggregation in solution) properties examined by different techniques of polymer analysis are described. The Chapter 3 is divided into three separate parts: In Chapter 3.1 the description of the formation and modification of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl terminated HBP is presented to reveal the information of hydroxyl groups re- and/or association due to the high temperatures applied. In Chapter 3.2 the nature of the solid-liquid interface of HBP thin films have been studied by different surface sensitive techniques with respect to further protein adsorption investigations. In Chapter 3.3 the strategy for the fabrication of surface attached carboxyl terminated HBP using "grafting to" technique is developed. The Chapter 4 consists of two parts: The first (theoretic) part outlines the basic principles of protein chemistry, factors influencing on the protein molecule stability in aqueous medium, the mechanism of protein adsorption and forces involved in the adsorption process. In the second part the combination of different in situ techniques was applied to obtain a comprehensive description of complex adsorption processes of protein molecules on different polymer surfaces

Wechselwirkung von dünnen Schichten aus HVZ Polyestern im wässrigen Medium mit Modellproteinen

The dissertation work focuses on the whole route of material development starting from the investigations of properties of the initial (raw) HBPs to their applications. Each research step is given in a separate chapter to enhance attention to various aspects of the aim of the work. Thus, every chapter is started with an introduction. After that, the methods applied and experimental procedure are described. Next part tries to give the comprehensive description of the results obtained. At the end of the chapter, the main points are summarized. The Chapter 1 gives the theoretical description of the main experimental techniques used in this work. In Chapter 2 the chemical (chemical composition, purity, typical structure elements) and physical (glass transition temperature, the temperature of the maximum decomposition, the thermal stability at the high temperatures, molar mass, polydispersity and possible aggregation in solution) properties examined by different techniques of polymer analysis are described. The Chapter 3 is divided into three separate parts: In Chapter 3.1 the description of the formation and modification of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl terminated HBP is presented to reveal the information of hydroxyl groups re- and/or association due to the high temperatures applied. In Chapter 3.2 the nature of the solid-liquid interface of HBP thin films have been studied by different surface sensitive techniques with respect to further protein adsorption investigations. In Chapter 3.3 the strategy for the fabrication of surface attached carboxyl terminated HBP using "grafting to" technique is developed. The Chapter 4 consists of two parts: The first (theoretic) part outlines the basic principles of protein chemistry, factors influencing on the protein molecule stability in aqueous medium, the mechanism of protein adsorption and forces involved in the adsorption process. In the second part the combination of different in situ techniques was applied to obtain a comprehensive description of complex adsorption processes of protein molecules on different polymer surfaces

Genomic Epidemiology Dataset for the Important Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacterium <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>

The infections caused by various bacterial pathogens both in clinical and community settings represent a significant threat to public healthcare worldwide. The growing resistance to antimicrobial drugs acquired by bacterial species causing healthcare-associated infections has already become a life-threatening danger noticed by the World Health Organization. Several groups or lineages of bacterial isolates, usually called ‘the clones of high risk’, often drive the spread of resistance within particular species. Thus, it is vitally important to reveal and track the spread of such clones and the mechanisms by which they acquire antibiotic resistance and enhance their survival skills. Currently, the analysis of whole-genome sequences for bacterial isolates of interest is increasingly used for these purposes, including epidemiological surveillance and the development of spread prevention measures. However, the availability and uniformity of the data derived from genomic sequences often represent a bottleneck for such investigations. With this dataset, we present the results of a genomic epidemiology analysis of 17,546 genomes of a dangerous bacterial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii. Important typing information, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence types (STs), intrinsic blaOXA-51-like gene variants, capsular (KL) and oligosaccharide (OCL) types, CRISPR-Cas systems, and cgMLST profiles are presented, as well as the assignment of particular isolates to nine known international clones of high risk. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes within the genomes is also reported. These data will be useful for researchers in the field of A. baumannii genomic epidemiology, resistance analysis, and prevention measure development

Features of the building of three-dimensional models of agricultural parcels of land to assess the influence of the relief on the signal stability of cellular networks

The article examines main aspects of building threedimensional (3d) models of agricultural parcels of land on the example of generation of digital models of the experimental farm fields. Features and characteristics of the 3d field models building are given according to the results of the application of photogrammetry methods using a UAV (quadcopter) to obtain a heightmap of the investigated areas to compare it with the change in the density of the GSM signal coverage. The examples of digital terrain models (DTMs) obtained at different stages of the processing are given, the issues of using ready-made models for further analytical research on the example of a heightmap transformation for tracking and predicting negative processes, are considered

Illumina-based identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from Karachay-Cherkessia soils for development of bio-fertilizers

The aim of the study was to investigate the species diversity of AM fungi in different parts of the North Caucasus, biodiversity hotspot, the center of the world’s biological diversity. Samples were taken from 5 locations (stationary trial plots, STPs) in different ecosystems and at various altitudes. Identification was performed using sequencing for ITS1 and ITS2 regions, amplified with universal primers, Illumina MiSeq was employed. 19 genera of AM fungi were found on all STPs. The work did not reveal a correlation between the altitude and the species composition of AM fungi. At the same time, it should be assumed that a correlation could be found between the biodiversity of AM fungi and the type of ecosystem, which should be done in the future. The study shows it is necessary to use an analysis for both ITS regions, since the data obtained for each ITS region differ and complement each other. Analysis for the ITS2 region revealed 1.3 times more virtual taxa than for the ITS1, while the number of OTUs identified per species was similar for both regions. The highest biodiversity of AM fungi was found in STP #3 (with meadow flora). Only 4 species (Rhizophagus irregularis, R. intraradices, Paraglomus laccatum, and Claroideoglomus claroideum) were found on all five analyzed STPs. We found unexpectedly that with such a high biodiversity among the identified fungi, no different species were found in the Paraglomus genus, all the sequences of Paraglomus belonged to Paraglomus laccatum, whereas at least 9 species are distinguished in the genus by morphology. Further research will allow us to identify new strains of AM fungi, the efficiency of which may be higher than already studied ones. In the future this will make it possible to create more effective microbial biofertilizers for agriculture