Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems for Nanomedicine—A Materials Science Perspective

Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magneto-responsive systems for nanomedicine, ranging from drug delivery and imaging to hyperthermia cancer treatment, as well as to rapid point-of-care diagnostic systems with magnetic nanoparticles. Advanced synthesis procedures of single- and multi-core iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic moment and well-defined size and shape, being designed to simultaneously fulfill multiple biomedical functionalities, have been thoroughly evaluated. The review summarizes recent results in manufacturing novel magnetic nanoparticle systems, as well as the use of proper characterization methods that are relevant to the magneto-responsive nature, size range, surface chemistry, structuring behavior, and exploitation conditions of magnetic nanosystems. These refer to particle size, size distribution and aggregation characteristics, zeta potential/surface charge, surface coating, functionalization and catalytic activity, morphology (shape, surface area, surface topology, crystallinity), solubility and stability (e.g., solubility in biological fluids, stability on storage), as well as to DC and AC magnetic properties, particle agglomerates formation, and flow behavior under applied magnetic field (magnetorheology)

Effect of Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Monolithic Polycarbonate

The study of the physical and mechanical properties of polycarbonate under various temperature conditions, taking into account its widespread use as a base material of monolithic polycarbonate systems in various climatic regions, will ensure a high degree of reliability of structures during operation in a wide temperature range. The authors of the article conducted a series of tensile tests of monolithic polycarbonate in the temperature range from -60 to +80 °C. The influence of temperature on the following characteristics of monolithic polycarbonate was evaluated: elongation at break, tensile yield strength, tensile stress at break, strains at the end of the elastic stage of the material. As a result of the conducted experimental studies, the relationship between the strength properties of monolithic polycarbonate and the operating temperature was revealed. The values of elongation at break at temperatures exceeding 15 °C for various samples generally correspond to the values obtained during tests conducted under standard conditions

SANS contrast variation study of magnetoferritin structure at various iron loading

Magnetoferritin, a synthetic derivate of iron storage protein – ferritin, has been synthesized with different iron oxide loading values. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were applied to study the structure of magnetoferritin solutions using contrast variation method by varying the light to heavy water ratio of the solvent. Higher iron loading leads to increase of the neutron scattering length density of magnetoferritin and also to the increase of the polydispersity of complexes. The formation of the magnetic core and the variation of the protein shell structure upon iron loading are concluded

Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Current Approaches to Preoperative Planning (Systematic Review)

Background. The number of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions increases every year, which causes an increase in revision interventions due to ACL graft failure. When studying the literature, we identify many factors that together influence the outcome of revision ACL reconstruction, but are not always taken into account by surgeons. Aim of the review — is to perform a systematic review of studies that evaluated the outcomes of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and to identify optimal solutions to the most common problems encountered in preoperative planning. Methods. Information search was performed in the eLIBRARY, PubMed, and Scopus databases for the period from 2013 to 2022. Studies describing the main aspects of revision ACL reconstruction were selected for analysis. Inclusion criteria were the following: mean patient follow-up period of no less than 12 months, number of observations of no less than 10 cases. After evaluation of 898 articles, 22 articles were included in the systematic review. Results. Five main factors that should be taken into account in preoperative planning of revision ACL reconstruction have been identified: choice of the graft, necessity of reconstruction of the anterolateral complex, correction of tibial plateau deformity in the sagittal plane, determination of indications for one- or two-stage intervention, method of bone defect replacement in two-stage surgical treatment. Conclusion. The patient’s autogenous tissues should be preferred when choosing a graft. Correction of excessive anteroposterior tibial plateau inclination angle is performed only at the second revision intervention if the inclination angle exceeds 12º. Reconstruction of the anterolateral complex should be performed in young, active patients who are involved in pivot sports and in case of severe anterior instability. When determining the possibility of performing revision ACL reconstruction in one or two stages, the canal diameter is not a crucial parameter, as it is necessary to take into account the possibility of fusion of the canals from the previous surgery with the newly created ones. If the canals have correct entry points, one-stage revision reconstruction can be performed with the canal width not exceeding 10 mm and depending on the expected diameter and type of the prepared tendon graft. Bone grafting of the secondary dilated canals in two-stage intervention can be carried out using any material, but allogenous bone or synthetic grafts have certain advantages

Chronic fibrosing progressing interstitial lung disease: a decision of Multidisciplinary Expert Board

The natural course of some interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is characterized by progressive fibrosing phenotype resembling idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Until recently, the antifibrotic drug nintedanib was approved for treatment of the only fibrosing ILD which was IPF. A new indication for this drug which has been registered in Russian Federation in 2021 includes other fibrosing ILDs with progressive phenotype (PF-ILDs) and ILD associated with systemic scleroderma (SS-ILD). The aim of this publication is to describe general considerations of the decision of Multidisciplinary Expert Board on diagnosis and treatment of PF-ILDs including SS-ILD. Results. According to the extension in nintedanib use mentioned above, the Expert Board created an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of patients with PF-ILDs and criteria for nuntedanib administration in PF-ILDs. Conclusion. Antifibrotic therapy is needed for patients with PF-ILDs with the failure of the stanrard therapy. In those patients antifibrotic treatment should be initiated as early as possible to better preserve the lung functionПри формировании фибротических изменений в легких многие интерстициальные заболевания легких (ИЗЛ) могут приобретать прогрессирующее течение. По прогнозу выживаемости, риску летальности и обострений такой фенотип ИЗЛ при отсутствии антифибротической терапии очень близок к идиопатическому легочному фиброзу. В 2020 г. в Российской Федерации разрешено использование антифибротического препарата нинтеданиб при фиброзирующих ИЗЛ с прогрессирующим фиброзным фенотипом (ПФФ) и при ИЗЛ, связанных с системной склеродермией. Целью работы Междисциплинарного Совета экспертов явилось ознакомление с основными положениями резолюции Междисциплинарного Совета экспертов о диагностике и лечении ИЗЛ ПФФ. Результаты. В декабре 2020 г. состоялся Междисциплинарный Совет экспертов, по результатам работы которого разработаны алгоритм диагностики и ведения пациентов с ИЗЛ ПФФ и критерии отбора больных для назначения антифибротической терапии. Заключение. Установлено, что в случае когда при стандартной терапии ИЗЛ ПФФ клиническое состояние пациента и легочная функция и / или фибротические изменения в легких по данным компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения не стабилизируются, показана антифибротическая терапия нинтеданибом. Начиная антифибротическую терапию в возможно более ранние сроки заболевания, можно замедлить прогрессирующее снижение легочной функции при более сохранных исходных показателях

The effect of solution pH on the structural stability of magnetoferritin

The structural stability of magnetoferritin, a synthetic analogue of ferritin, at various pH levels is assessed here. The structural and electrical properties of the complexes were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. At pH 3 − 6 a reduction of electrostatic repulsion on the suspended colloids resulted in aggregation and sedimentation of magnetoferritin. At neutral to slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7–9) the magnetoferritin structure was stable for lower iron loadings. Higher solution pH 10–12 induced destabilization of the protein structure and dissociation of subunits. Increasing the loading factor in the MFer complex leads to decrease of the stability versus pH changes

Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems for Nanomedicine—A Materials Science Perspective

Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magneto- responsive systems for nanomedicine, ranging from drug delivery and imaging to hyperthermia cancer treatment, as well as to rapid point-of-care diagnostic systems with magnetic nanoparticles. Advanced synthesis procedures of single- and multi-core iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic moment and well-defined size and shape, being designed to simultaneously fulfill multiple biomedical functionalities, have been thoroughly evaluated. The review summarizes recent results in manufacturing novel magnetic nanoparticle systems, as well as the use of proper characterization methods that are relevant to the magneto-responsive nature, size range, surface chemistry, structuring behavior, and exploitation conditions of magnetic nanosystems. These refer to particle size, size distribution and aggregation characteristics, zeta potential/surface charge, surface coating, functionalization and catalytic activity, morphology (shape, surface area, surface topology, crystallinity), solubility and stability (e.g., solubility in biological fluids, stability on storage), as well as to DC and AC magnetic properties, particle agglomerates formation, and flow behavior under applied magnetic field (magnetorheology)

On a specific state of C60_{60} fullerene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution: Mass spectrometric study

A solution of fullerene C$_{60}$ in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) presents a suitable system for obtaining fullerene's clusters with the tunable size. However, the mechanism of fullerenes interaction with polar NMP molecules is still elusive. Herein, we present the measured laser desorption/ionization mass spectra (LDI MS) of the precipitates produced from C$_{60}$/NMP solutions of different age in comparison with the typical spectra of C$_{60}$ crystallized from toluene and benzene. The distinctive characteristics of the C$_{60}$/NMP mass spectra were identified and carefully examined. The number of characteristic peaks and their relative intensities in the spectra strongly depend on the age of initial C$_{60}$/NMP solutions. This effect was attributed to the specific C$_{60}$-NMP interactions in the solution, namely to the formation of charge-transfer complexes of C$_{60}$ with NMP molecules followed by fullerene cluster formation. The results of additional measurements carried out by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy together with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations are in accord with the proposed hypothesis