Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein shows RNA silencing suppressor activity.

[EN] To counteract RNA interference-mediated antiviral defence, virus genomes evolved to express proteins that inhibit this plant defence mechanism. Using six independent biological approaches, we show that orchid fleck dichorhavirus citrus strain (OFV-citrus) movement protein (MP) may act as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). By using the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNA 3 expression vector, it was observed that the MP triggered necrosis response in transgenic tobacco leaves and increased the viral RNA (vRNA) accumulation. The use of the potato virus X (PVX) expression system revealed that the cis expression of MP increased both the severity of the PVX infection and the accumulation of PVX RNAs, further supporting that MP could act as an RNA silencing suppressor (RSS). From the analysis of the RSS-defective turnip crinkle virus (TCV), we do not find local RSS activity for MP, suggesting a link between MP suppressor activity and the prevention of systemic silencing. In the analysis of local suppressive activity using the GFP-based agroinfiltration assay in Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line), we do not identify local RSS activity for the five OFV RNA1-encoded proteins. However, when evaluating the small interfering RNA (siRNA) accumulation, we find that the expression of MP significantly reduces the accumulation of GFP-derived siRNA. Finally, we examine whether the MP can prevent systemic silencing in 16c plants. Our findings show that MP inhibits the long-distance spread of RNA silencing, but does not affect the short-distance spread. Together, our findings indicate that MP is part of OFV's counter-defence mechanism, acting mainly in the prevention of systemic long-distance silencing. This work presents the first report of a VSR for a member of the genus Dichorhavirus.This work was supported by grant PID2020-115571RB-100 from the Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 granting agency and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and by the company INVESTIR IMOVEIS LDTA from Brasilia, Brazil.Oliveira Leastro, M.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sánchez-Navarro, JÁ. (2022). Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein shows RNA silencing suppressor activity. Journal of General Virology. 103(11):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.0018051141031

Posicionamiento de las revistas científicas de la salud en Cuba según el índice H5 obtenido del Google Scholar Metrics

Fundamento: el proceso de evaluación de las revistas es, sin duda, un proceso continuo que está determinado por la calidad de los artículos científicos y el reconocimiento de los autores a las revistas más citadas en el ámbito de la ciencia.Objetivo: describir cuál es el posicionamiento de las revistas científicas de la salud en Cuba según el índice H5. Métodos: estudio bibliométrico que tomó como muestra la totalidad de las revistas científicas de las Ciencias Médicas de Cuba que están localizadas en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Para el cálculo del posicionamiento se utilizó el valor del índice H5 y la mediana de este índice, ambas variables se obtuvieron del Google Scholar Metrics. Resultados: el 82, 7 % de las revistas médicas cubanas tienen un índice H5 registrado en Google Scholar Metrics. El 72 % se encuentran indexadas en SciELO Cuba. La media de índice H5 de las revistas cubanas de la salud es de 6,88 y la mediana de 6,00; para las indexadas en SciELO Cuba es de 7, 60. El índice H5 de las revistas editadas por ECIMED es de 8,69; con diferencias significativas para el resto de las editoras del país. Entre las primeras 20 revistas médicas cubanas por el índice H5 de Google Scholar Metrics, solo siete no son editadas por ECIMED. Conclusiones: la evaluación de las revistas nacionales por el índice H5 es de vital importancia, aun aceptando las debilidades de este, ya que la mayoría de las mismas no están incluidas en bases de datos como SCOPUS y WOS.</p

The functional analysis of distinct tospovirus movement proteins (NSM) reveals different capabilities in tubule formation, cell-to-cell and systemic virus movement among the tospovirus species

[EN] The lack of infectious tospovirus clones to address reverse genetic experiments has compromised the functional analysis of viral proteins. In the present study we have performed a functional analysis of the movement proteins (NSM) of four tospovirus species Bean necrotic mosaic virus (BeNMV), Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which differ biologically and molecularly, by using the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) model system. All NSM proteins were competent to: i) support the cell-to-cell and systemic transport of AMV, ii) generate tubular structures on infected protoplast and iii) transport only virus particles. However, the NSM of BeNMV (one of the most phylogenetically distant species) was very inefficient to support the systemic transport. Deletion assays revealed that the C-terminal region of the BeNMV NSM, but not that of the CSNV, TCSV and TSWV NSM proteins, was dispensable for cell-to-cell transport, and that all the non-functional C-terminal NSM mutants were unable to generate tubular structures. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that the C-terminus of the BeNMV NSM was not required for the interaction with the cognate nucleocapsid protein, showing a different protein organization when compared with other movement proteins of the `30K family¿. Overall, our results revealed clearly differences in functional aspects among movement proteins from divergent tospovirus species that have a distinct biological behavior.We thank L. Corachan for her excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grant BIO2014-54862-R from the Spanish Direccion General de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica (DGICYT), the Prometeo Program GV2014/010 from the Generalitat Valenciana, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico), Capes (Conselho de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) and FAP-DF (Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal)Leastro, MO.; Pallás Benet, V.; Resende, RO.; Sanchez Navarro, JA. (2017). The functional analysis of distinct tospovirus movement proteins (NSM) reveals different capabilities in tubule formation, cell-to-cell and systemic virus movement among the tospovirus species. Virus Research. 227:57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.023S576822

Membrane Association and Topology of Citrus Leprosis Virus C2 Movement and Capsid Proteins

[EN] Although citrus leprosis disease has been known for more than a hundred years, one of its causal agents, citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2), is poorly characterized. This study described the association of CiLV-C2 movement protein (MP) and capsid protein (p29) with biological membranes. Our findings obtained by computer predictions, chemical treatments after membrane fractionation, and biomolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that p29 is peripherally associated, while the MP is integrally bound to the cell membranes. Topological analyses revealed that both the p29 and MP expose their N- and C-termini to the cell cytoplasmic compartment. The implications of these results in the intracellular movement of the virus were discussed.This work was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), proc. 2014/0845-9, 2017/50222-0, 2015/10249-1 and 2017/19898-8. This work was also supported by grant BIO2017-88321-R from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and the Prometeo Program GV2015/010 from the Generalitat Valenciana.Oliveira Leastro, M.; Freitas-Astua, J.; Watanabe Kitajima, E.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sanchez Navarro, JA. (2021). Membrane Association and Topology of Citrus Leprosis Virus C2 Movement and Capsid Proteins. Microorganisms. 9(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020418199

La gestión del desarrollo, las entidades de ciencia y los sistemas locales de innovación

Se presenta un análisis sobre la relación necesaria a lograr entre los elementos: gestión del desarrollo-entidades de ciencia- sistemas locales de innovación, que se realiza en la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba (estudio de caso), con el objetivo de elaborar un programa de acción que asegure la articulación entre la gestión del desarrollo, las entidades de ciencia y los sistemas locales de innovación como un proceso de mejora continua, acompañado de un sistema de indicadores que permita evaluar el desempeño de la entidades de ciencia y elevar la efectividad, eficiencia y eficacia del mismo en función del desarrollo local. Se utilizó como método de investigación la consulta a expertos, a partir de cuyos resultados se definen los aspectos a tomar en consideración para dicho programa, en correspondencia con la aptitud que requieren expresar las entidades de ciencia para poder integrar las dimensiones ciencia, tecnología, innovación y medioambiente de forma equilibrada a través de las interfases. La evaluación del programa se realizó a nivel teórico y práctico. Como conclusión fundamental se derivó que la integración de la gestión de la ciencia, la tecnología, la innovación y el medioambiente a través de las entidades de ciencia, en función del desarrollo, articuladas por los sistemas locales de innovación, requiere de una adecuación de sus acciones para asegurar efectividad, eficiencia y eficacia en su desempeño

Obesidad abdominal, parámetro antropométrico predictivo de alteraciones del metabolismo.

Fundamento: La medida del perímetro de la cintura como valoración indirecta de obesidad abdominal se presenta como un elemento esencial en la valoración clínica de la obesidad. El vínculo entre obesidad abdominal e insulinoresistencia se propone como el eje central de la fisiopatología del síndrome metabólico y sus complicaciones. Objetivo: Determinar si los individuos con obesidad abdominal presentan cambios relacionados con los factores que forman parte del síndrome metabólico superiores a los observados en individuos sin obesidad abdominal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico comparativo con diseño de casos y controles con dos grupos, organizados a partir de una muestra de 98 personas de ambos sexos extraída al azar del universo constituido por una población de 510 trabajadores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, de septiembre a diciembre de 2005. A todos se le realizaron mediciones de la presión arterial, colesterol, HDL colesterol, glucemia en ayunas y triglicéridos. Resultados: El 30,6 % de los individuos presentó obesidad abdominal, predominando esta por encima de los 40 años y en féminas (83,3 %). El 53,3 %.de los obesos fueron hipertensos, igual porcentaje tuvo bajos valores de HDL y el 16,7 % mostró alteración de la glucemia. Conclusiones: La obesidad abdominal constituye un problema de salud en la población estudiada, incrementándose con la edad. Los individuos que presentan obesidad abdominal tienen un riesgo mayor de presentar alteraciones metabólicas, tales como bajos niveles de HDL colesterol, altos valores de triacilglicéridos y de colesterol total, así como alteraciones de la glucemia e hipertensió

La integración de la ciencia, los sistemas locales de innovación y la gestión local de calidad de vida

La investigación desarrollada, de tipo explicativa, tiene como objetivo analizar los resultados de asumir la integración de la ciencia como mecanismo de trabajo en la gestión de la calidad de vida en el municipio de Cumanayagua de la provincia de Cienfuegos. Como procedimiento metodológico se utilizó el método de expertos Delphi, la aplicación de los indicadores derivados del Programa Ramal del Ministerio de Educación Superior para evaluar la gestión universitaria del conocimiento y la innovación, así como la correlación de variables, unido a la revisión documental de la localidad. Para el análisis de la información se aplicaron métodos de la estadística multivariada, lo que permitió valorar la significación de la gestión local del desarrollo mediante el comportamiento de los sectores o campos resultantes de dicho análisis, los cuales se correlacionaron con la expresión concreta de la gestión de proyectos dirigidos a una mejor calidad de vida, todo lo cual posibilitó corroborar que la integración de la gestión de las dimensiones ciencia, tecnología, innovación y medioambiente impulsada por el sistema de innovación local, facilita a su vez, la gestión de la calidad de vida y con ello el desempeño del gobierno local

Spontaneous Mutation in the Movement Protein of Citrus Leprosis Virus C2, in a Heterologous Virus Infection Context, Increases Cell-to-Cell Transport and Generates Fitness Advantage

[EN] Previous results using a movement defective alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) vector revealed that citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) movement protein (MP) generates a more efficient local movement, but not more systemic transport, than citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2) MP, MPs belonging to two important viruses for the citrus industry. Here, competition experiment assays in transgenic tobacco plants (P12) between transcripts of AMV constructs expressing the cilevirus MPs, followed by several biological passages, showed the prevalence of the AMV construct carrying the CiLV-C2 MP. The analysis of AMV RNA 3 progeny recovered from P12 plant at the second viral passage revealed the presence of a mix of progeny encompassing the CiLV-C2 MP wild type (MPWT) and two variants carrying serines instead phenylalanines at positions 72 (MPS72F) or 259 (MPS259F), respectively. We evaluated the effects of each modified residue in virus replication, and cell-to-cell and long-distance movements. Results indicated that phenylalanine at position 259 favors viral cell-to-cell transport with an improvement in viral fitness, but has no effect on viral replication, whereas mutation at position 72 (MPS72F) has a penalty in the viral fitness. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of a viral population may be correlated with its greater efficiency in cell-to-cell and systemic movements.This research was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), grant numbers 2014/0845-9, 2017/50222-0, 2015/10249-1, 2017/19898-8 and by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), grant number PID2020-115571RB-100.Oliveira Leastro, M.; Villar-Álvarez, D.; Freitas-Astúa, J.; Watanabe Kitajima, E.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sanchez Navarro, JA. (2021). Spontaneous Mutation in the Movement Protein of Citrus Leprosis Virus C2, in a Heterologous Virus Infection Context, Increases Cell-to-Cell Transport and Generates Fitness Advantage. Viruses. 13(12):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122498S116131

Citrus Leprosis Virus C Encodes Three Proteins With Gene Silencing Suppression Activity

[EN] Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) belongs to the genusCilevirus, familyKitaviridae, and is considered the most devastating virus infecting citrus in Brazil, being the main viral pathogen responsible for citrus leprosis (CL), a severe disease that affects citrus orchards in Latin America. Here, proteins encoded by CiLV-C genomic RNA 1 and 2 were screened for potential RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) activity by five methods. Using the GFP-based reporter agroinfiltration assay, we have not found potential local suppressor activity for the five CiLV-C encoded proteins. However, when RSS activity was evaluated using the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) system, we found that the p29, p15, and p61 CiLV-C proteins triggered necrosis response and increased the AMV RNA 3 accumulation, suggesting a suppressive functionality. From the analysis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) accumulation, we observed that the ectopic expression of the p29, p15, and p61 reduced significantly the accumulation of GFP derived siRNAs. The use of the RSS defective turnip crinkle virus (TCV) system revealed that only thetrans-expression of the p15 protein restored the cell-to-cell viral movement. Finally, the potato virus X (PVX) system revealed that the expression of p29, p15, and p61 increased the PVX RNA accumulation; in addition, the p29 and p15 enhanced the pathogenicity of PVX resulting in the death of tobacco plants. Furthermore, PVX-p61 infection resulted in a hypersensitive response (HR), suggesting that p61 could also activate a plant defense response mechanism. This is the first report describing the RSS activity for CiLV-C proteins and, moreover, for a member of the familyKitaviridae.This work was supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), proc. 2014/0845-9, 2017/50222-0, 2015/10249-1, and 2017/19898-8. This work was also supported by Instituto para la Formacion y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Humanos, Becas IFARHU-SENACYT, contrato 270-2018-361, grant BIO2017-88321-R from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and the Prometeo Program GV2015/010 from the Generalitat Valenciana.Leastro, MO.; Ortega Castro, DY.; Freitas-Astúa, J.; Kitajima, EW.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sanchez Navarro, JA. (2020). Citrus Leprosis Virus C Encodes Three Proteins With Gene Silencing Suppression Activity. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01231S11611Anandalakshmi, R., Pruss, G. J., Ge, X., Marathe, R., Mallory, A. C., Smith, T. H., & Vance, V. 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