Head Injury Analysis of Vehicle Occupant in Frontal Crash Simulation: Case Study of ITBâs Formula SAE Race Car

In the present study, frontal crash simulations were conducted to determine the effect of various car speeds against the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from impact. The frontal impact safety of ITB's formula SAE race car designed by students was evaluated as a case study. LS-DYNA®, an explicit finite element code for non-linear dynamic analysis was utilized in the analysis. To analyze head injury, a two-step simulation was conducted. In the first step, a full-frontal barrier test was simulated without incorporating a dummy inside the car. The output was the deceleration data of the car, which was used as input in the second step, a sled test simulation. In the sled test, only the cockpit and dummy were modeled. The effect of deceleration to the head of the dummy was then evaluated. The results show that HIC values at an impact speed of 7 m/s (25 km/h) to 11 m/s (40 km/h) were below the safe limit and still in the safe zone. However, the HIC values will exceed the safe limit when the speed of impact is the same as or greater than 12 m/s (43 km/h)

Bus Superstructure Reinforcement for Safety Improvement against Rollover Accidents

Bus rollover is considered the most dangerous road accident. To ensure bus safety against rollover accidents, the bus superstructure must conform to safety standards, one of which is UNR66. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, the increase in the number of buses has not been followed by bus safety improvement. In this paper, a numerical study on superstructure reinforcement to improve bus safety against rollover is presented. To reduce computational time, a simplified bus superstructure model comprising only three middle bays was used instead of a full bus model. Several superstructure reinforcements were implemented and their effectiveness in improving bus safety against rollover accidents was investigated. Among all reinforcements that were investigated, the most effective one was enhanced reinforcement by adding a connection between the seat structures and the side pillars. This modification yielded excellent results, as the modified superstructure showed a very significant improvement over a superstructure without reinforcement and it met the UNR66 residual space safety criterion

Bus Superstructure Reinforcement for Safety Improvement against Rollover Accidents

Bus rollover is considered the most dangerous road accident. To ensure bus safety against rollover accidents, the bus superstructure must conform to safety standards, one of which is UNR66. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, the increase in the number of buses has not been followed by bus safety improvement. In this paper, a numerical study on superstructure reinforcement to improve bus safety against rollover is presented. To reduce computational time, a simplified bus superstructure model comprising only three middle bays was used instead of a full bus model. Several superstructure reinforcements were implemented and their effectiveness in improving bus safety against rollover accidents was investigated. Among all reinforcements that were investigated, the most effective one was enhanced reinforcement by adding a connection between the seat structures and the side pillars. This modification yielded excellent results, as the modified superstructure showed a very significant improvement over a superstructure without reinforcement and it met the UNR66 residual space safety criterion

Development of a 3D Gait Measurement Protocol for Amputees Walking on Treadmill

Walking motion is actually a complex activity since it involves many body parts, especially the lower limb. Due to the needs for gait analysis in many medical applications, Biomechanics Research Team at ITB has developed an affordable optical motion analyzer to measure motions of subject walking over ground. However, the needs for multicycles gait data is better met by measuring subjects walking on treadmill. This paper discusses the modification of the developed motion analyzer to accommodate data acquisition of subject walking on treadmill, including those of transfemoral amputees. Seven markers, two 95 fps cameras, a dual-channel Camera Link Acquisition NI PCIe-1430 frame grabber, and a workstation are employed in the optical motion analyzer system. The speed displayed on the treadmill is evaluated. Additional equipment such as the modified hydraulic engine crane and the body harness are introduced to ensure the safety of amputees and avoid the risk of falling down while walking on the treadmill. The modified motion analyzer system is then used to obtain gait parameters of normal (37 males and 31 females) and three amputee subjects. The gait parameters of normal subjects in the treadmill walking shows that there is a decrease in the stride length and range of motion, and increase in the cadence due to walking adaptation. There are also phase shifting and increase in the range of motion for amputee subjects compared to the normal subjects which imply that there is an extra work done by the residual limb in doing walking movement and the amputee subjects try to balance their walking on the treadmill

Redesign of a Biomechanical Energy Regeneration-based Robotic Ankle Prosthesis using Indonesian Gait Data

In this research, the robotic ankle design from Arizona State University (ASU) known as SPARKy was redesigned to accommodate the specific needs of Indonesian people. Most active prosthetic legs are designed based on gait parameters for people from Western countries, which may differ for people from other cultures that have a different anthropometry and economic background. Indonesians have smaller actuating power characteristics compared to people from Western cultures due to their smaller average weight and body height. Thus, the applied design strategy took advantage of a biomechanical energy regeneration scheme to reduce the actuator input power requirement and the relatively smaller mechanical power of the typical Indonesian ankle to create a potentially affordable robotic ankle with a smaller actuator that meets the technical specifications. The specifications of the powered prosthetic ankle were determined through the same methods used by SPARKy. Only one low-level control system, to actuate normal walking, was designed and tested on a fully assembled robotic ankle. The test results indicated a promising low-level control, where the robotic ankle can follow the predetermined trajectory required to actuate normal walking based on Indonesian gait data

Head Injury Analysis of Vehicle Occupant in Frontal Crash Simulation: Case Study of ITB's Formula SAE Race Car

In the present study, frontal crash simulations were conducted to determine the effect of various car speeds against the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), a measure of the likelihood of head injury arising from impact. The frontal impact safety of ITB's formula SAE race car designed by students was evaluated as a case study. LS-DYNA®, an explicit finite element code for non-linear dynamic analysis was utilized in the analysis. To analyze head injury, a two-step simulation was conducted. In the first step, a full-frontal barrier test was simulated without incorporating a dummy inside the car. The output was the deceleration data of the car, which was used as input in the second step, a sled test simulation. In the sled test, only the cockpit and dummy were modeled. The effect of deceleration to the head of the dummy was then evaluated. The results show that HIC values at an impact speed of 7 m/s (25 km/h) to 11 m/s (40 km/h) were below the safe limit and still in the safe zone. However, the HIC values will exceed the safe limit when the speed of impact is the same as or greater than 12 m/s (43 km/h)

Lessons Learned from Rapid Development of CPAP Ventilator Vent-I during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Here, lessons learned during the development of the CPAP ventilator 'Vent-I', aimed to help COVID-19 patients with breathing difficulties, are presented. Within only weeks, the Vent-I was developed, complying with functionality, safety and reliability requirements and passing the clinical trial. It was then distributed to hospitals all over Indonesia. Two billion rupiahs were raised through crowdfunding within one week. When the project was officially closed, more than one thousand Vent-I devices had been distributed and more than twelve and a half billion rupiahs had been raised. Currently, commercialization and mass production of the device have been started. From this project several lessons can be learned. First and foremost, the spirit of gotong royong"“ sincere collaboration within the community to help each other "“ is still firmly rooted within the people and the society of Indonesia. Noble values, i.e. sincerity, sensitivity and concern about the needs of the community, willingness to serve voluntarily and public trust, made the team dare to try and face failure. The spirit of social entrepreneurship, willingness to listen to the user and collaboration with the relevant authority can accelerate development process. The availability of knowledge and skills that constitute an innovation ecosystem in Bandung, supported by business, social institutions and government, was also a key success factor.

患者にやさしい体外腎臓結石破砕法

豊橋技術科学大

Numerical Analysis of Kidney Stone Fragmentation by Short Pulse Impingement

In this work, numerical analyses are performed to study the behavior of stresses generated inside a kidney stone by direct pulse impingement during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which leads to fragmentation of the stone. LS-DYNA, an explicit Finite Element code for non-linear dynamic analysis is employed to model the problems. Effects of pulse duration and acoustic property of the stone on stress field evolution inside the stone are studied for the pulse duration of 0.5 to 5.0μs and two acoustic impedances of actual kidney stones. The use of double shock wave sources to fragment the kidney stone is also considered in this paper. The effectiveness of this method for the kidney stone fragmentation is confirmed. Finally, the numerical analysis for the stone fragmentation is well compared with experimental results to confirm that the numerical analyses in this work provide reasonable results.・rights：日本機械学会・rights：本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである・relation：isVersionOf：http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004820527