On the Development of a Real Time Water Monitoring System

The goal of the paper starts from the need for real-time monitoring of both running water and its affluents and urban sewerage systems with a role in discharging wastewater. The idea is to assess water quality and to determine the sources of pollutants resulting from human activity. The data quality will be obtained by purchasing them with a high resolution, both spatial and temporal, using multi-parametric sensors on a hardware platform of its own multisensory acquisition. The acquired data is stored in CLOUD or local server for storage, analysis and interpretation. There will be a software application based on artificial intelligence technologies that serves to identify and classify different polluted areas, locate pollution sources, predict their extinction, degree of pollution and help make decisions based on real-time detection. A web application will provide all the data collected in the field and it can be accessed on a common online platform. This allows researchers or employees of relevant agencies as well as city sewer system operators to validate the quality of data purchased from sensors and end users to be sure of their correctness

Preliminary Study on a Reduced Scaled Model Regarding the Air Diffusion inside a Crew Quarter on Board of the ISS

The paper focus on the air quality inside the Crew Quarters on board of the International Space Station. Several issues to improve were recorded by NASA and ESA and most important of them are the following: noise level reduction, CO2 accumulation reduction and dust accumulation reduction. The study in this paper is centred on a reduced scaled model used to provide simulations related to the air diffusion inside the CQ. It is obvious that a new ventilation system is required to achieve the three issues mentioned above, and the solutions obtained by means of numerical simulation need to be validated by experimental approach. First of all we have built a reduced scaled physical model to simulate the flow pattern inside the CQ and the equipment inside the CQ has been reproduced using a geometrical scale ratio. The flow pattern was considered isothermal and incompressible. The similarity criteria used was the Reynolds number to characterize the flow pattern and the length scale was set at value 1/4. Water has been used inside the model to simulate air. Velocity magnitude vectors have been obtained using PIV measurement techniques

Preliminary Study on a Reduced Scaled Model Regarding the Air Diffusion inside a Crew Quarter on Board of the ISS

The paper focus on the air quality inside the Crew Quarters on board of the International Space Station. Several issues to improve were recorded by NASA and ESA and most important of them are the following: noise level reduction, CO2 accumulation reduction and dust accumulation reduction. The study in this paper is centred on a reduced scaled model used to provide simulations related to the air diffusion inside the CQ. It is obvious that a new ventilation system is required to achieve the three issues mentioned above, and the solutions obtained by means of numerical simulation need to be validated by experimental approach. First of all we have built a reduced scaled physical model to simulate the flow pattern inside the CQ and the equipment inside the CQ has been reproduced using a geometrical scale ratio. The flow pattern was considered isothermal and incompressible. The similarity criteria used was the Reynolds number to characterize the flow pattern and the length scale was set at value 1/4. Water has been used inside the model to simulate air. Velocity magnitude vectors have been obtained using PIV measurement techniques

Thermal Evaluation of an Innovative Type of Unglazed Solar Collector for Air Preheating

International audiencePerforated solar walls pre-heat the fresh air introduced in the building when the air is forced to pass through this solar heated perforated facade. The heat transfer between the fluid and the metal is intensified depending especially on the flow's characteristics. An experimental campaign on an innovative solar collector was performed in the laboratory of Building Services from Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest. The solar collector with lobed perforations was analyzed and the results indicated that the system can attain a high thermal performance, but only for a certain range of airflow rate

Local exhaust ventilation solutions for an industrial hall – Part 1 CFD analysis of the local exhaust systems

Industrial hygiene is an important aspect of any workplace environment, especially for the industrial domain. A previous study has shown that high ammonia levels were present in a wastewater treatment facility in Romania. The initial ventilation strategy was not efficient in maintaining pollutant concentrations within standard safety limits. An optimization of the initial ventilation system was realized, but CFD results and on-site measurements have shown that high local concentrations were still present. Two local exhaust methods have been proposed and analysed in order to improve the quality of the air inside the hall. A CFD approach has been used for the preliminary design process. The results indicate that both local exhaust solutions offer great improvements over the general dilution-based system, but only one can be applied

Design of a Small-Scale Experimental Model of the International Space Station Crew Quarters for a PIV Flow Field Study

International audienc

A Numerical Analysis of the Air Distribution System for the Ventilation of the Crew Quarters on board of the International Space Station

Quality of life on the International Space Station (ISS) has become more and more important, since the time spent by astronauts outside the terrestrial atmosphere has increased in the last years. The actual concept for the Crew Quarters (CQ) have demonstrated the possibility of a personal space for sleep and free time activities in which the noise levels are lower, but not enough, compared to the noisy ISS isle way. However, there are several issues that needs to be improved to increase the performance of CQ. Our project QUEST is intended to propose a new concept of CQ in which we will correct these issues, like the noise levels will be lower, more space for astronaut, increased thermal comfort, reduce the CQ total weight, higher efficiency for the air distribution, personalized ventilation system in CQ for the crew members in order to remove CO2 from the breathing zone. This paper presents a CFD study in which we are comparing the actual and a proposed ventilation solution for introducing the air in CQ. A preliminary numerical model of the present configuration of the air distribution system of the Crew Quarters on board of the ISS, shows the need for an improved air distribution inside these enclosures. Lower velocity values at the inlet diffuser, distributed over a larger surface, as well as diffusers with improved induction would appear to be a better choice. This was confirmed through the development of a new model including linear diffusers with a larger discharge surface. In this new configuration, the regions of possible draught are dramatically reduced. The overall distributions of the velocity magnitudes displaying more uniform, lower values, in the same time with more uniform temperatures. All these observations allow us to consider a better mixing of the air inside the enclosure

Numerical Prediction of Carbon Dioxide Accumulation in the International Space Station Crew Quarters

International audienc

Experimental Study of Carbon Dioxide Accumulation on a Model of the Crew Quarters on the ISS

International audienc

Preliminary Numerical Studies for the Improvement of the Ventilation System of the Crew Quarters on Board of the International Space Station

The current concept of Crew Quarters (CQ) aboard the ISS has several issues as recorded by NASA and ESA, the most important ones pertaining to the noise levels and the accumulation of CO2. Currently, 13% and 6%, respectively, of the total mass and volume of a CQ are allocated to acoustic reductions. Interplanetary missions, unlike the low orbit ISS, would likely not allow this level of mass and volume penalty. This paper presents numerical models of the airflow inside the enclosure which were developed as a preliminary approach of our team to aid in the proposal of two different air distribution strategies for the CQ existing on the ISS. The CFD models feature a simplified and detailed version of al thermal manikin which simulates the posture of the human body during sleep and recreational activities. These preliminary simulations were run for a zero-gravity scenario and are concerned mainly with the airflow parameters and temperature buildup inside the CQ