Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Solanum trilobatum linn. Roots

ABSTRACT The Solanum trilobatum Linn. (Family: Solanacea) root powder was extracted with chloroform, methanol and screened for its anti-microbial activity against various gram (+) ve, gram (-) ve bacteria and fungal organisms using cup plate agar diffusion method. The results revealed that the chloroform and methanolic extracts shown significant anti-microbial activity at concentrations of 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml against tested organisms, particularly these were effective against gram (+)ve bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, gram (-)ve bacteria Escherichia coli and fungi Candida albicans, Saccharomycis cerevisicea

The role of the Standard Days Method in modern family planning services in developing countries

Background: The mere availability of family planning (FP) services is not sufficient to improve reproductive health; services must also be of adequate quality. The introduction of new contraceptive methods is a means of improving quality of care. The Standard Days Method (SDM) is a new fertility-awareness-based contraceptive method that has been successfully added to reproductive health care services around the world. Content: Framed by the Bruce-Jain quality-of-care paradigm, this paper describes how the introduction of SDM in developing country settings can improve the six elements of quality while contributing to the intrinsic variety of available methods. SDM meets the needs of women and couples who opt not to use other modern methods. SDM providers are sensitised to the potential of fertility-awareness-based contraception as an appropriate choice for these clients. SDM requires the involvement of both partners and thus offers a natural entry point for providers to further explore partner communication, intimate partner violence, condoms, and HIV/STIs. Conclusion: SDM introduction broadens the range of FP methods available to couples in developing countries. SDM counselling presents an opportunity for FP providers to discuss important interpersonal and reproductive health issues with potential users

What Works to Delay Child Marriage

On August 12th, 2015, the Population Council released new evidence on what works to delay the age of marriage for extremely vulnerable girls in sub-Saharan Africa at the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation’s Barbara Jordan Conference Center in Washington, DC. Researchers also shared rarely available data on the cost of interventions that were tested, and issued recommendations for policymakers, donors, and organizations concerned about child marriage

Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition

The transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into motile mesenchymal cells, a process known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), is integral in development, wound healing and stem cell behaviour, and contributes pathologically to fibrosis and cancer progression. This switch in cell differentiation and behaviour is mediated by key transcription factors, including SNAIL, zinc-finger E-box-binding (ZEB) and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, the functions of which are finely regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The reprogramming of gene expression during EMT, as well as non-transcriptional changes, are initiated and controlled by signalling pathways that respond to extracellular cues. Among these, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signalling has a predominant role; however, the convergence of signalling pathways is essential for EMT