THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE LOANS IN ROMANIA AND EXAMINATION OF SOME FACTORS OF INFLUENCE

The paper analyzes the evolution of Romanian private loans, in national currency (lei), granted to households and non-financial corporations in the period between July 2005 and April 2017. In this context, after reviewing the importance of credit within the context of national economy is presented the evolution of some factors considered as influential upon the evolution of credit. These factors are, namely: the average interest rate of outstanding private loans granted by credit institutions, the average interest rate of outstanding amount of deposits received by credit institutions, the ratio of minimum (or reserve) requirements, the interest rate on required reserves and the monetary policy rate. The database was built using the available data from the Statistical Section of the monthly bulletins released by the National Bank of Romania (herein after, referred to as NBR) and published on the institution’s website. Every series of data is subject of testing for stationarity, using both the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Pillips-Perron tests (herein after, referred to as ADF and PP, respectively), and the reported results are presented within the paper. In order to avoid spurious regression, following the stationarization of the data series, an analysis model is put in place and the significant results are subject to further interpretation

Analysis on the impact of investments, energy use and domestic material consumption in changing the Romanian economic paradigm

The main aim of the paper is to assess the impact of fix capital, energy use and domestic material consumption in changing the inland Romanian economic paradigm, from an economic perspective, using the intensive form of the Cobb-Douglas function. In order to identify various connections of economic growth, sustainable development, energy usage has determined the application of the vector error correction (VEC) model and the implied error correction term (ECT). This method was chosen based on the premise that it has a high degree of applicability and it can be used in order to revile significant aspects terms of indicator significance and displays. The results obtained during the research confirm that both in Romania and at EU-28 level there are determinant and significant elements shaping a proactive economic policy

Modelling discrete choice variables in assessment of teaching staff work satisfaction.

Levels of self-reported job satisfaction and motivation were measured by survey in a sample of 286 teachers. Using the discrete choice framework, the paper tries to assess the relevance of the considered indicators (demographic, social, motivational) in overall teaching work satisfaction. The findings provide evidence that job satisfaction is correlated significantly with level of university degree held by the teacher, type of secondary school where the teacher is enrolled, revenues, and salary-tasks adequacy. This is important for the Romanian economy, since the education system is expected to provide future human resources with enhanced skills and abilities

Estimated Work Satisfaction: Eq 1 (DEG and SRTY).

<p>Table 4 displays the values of the estimated variables taking into account the professional degree hold by the teacher (= <i>DEG</i>) and total work history (in years) (= <i>SRTY</i>) as proxies for the demographic factors.</p><p>Note: the values in brackets are the <i>z</i> statistics.</p><p>Significance at the 1, 5, and 10% levels is denoted by ***, **, and *, respectively.</p><p>Estimated Work Satisfaction: <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115735#pone.0115735.e001" target="_blank">Eq 1</a> (DEG and SRTY).</p

Estimated Ordered <i>Probit</i> Model.

<p>The plot depicts the work satisfaction implied model for teacher with average characteristics (by taking into account the considered variables).</p

The challenge of banking services development – giving its rightful place to customer satisfaction

Lately, the global banking services industry has faced numerous challenges: the digitalization, increased competition, the instability of monetary and foreign exchange markets, and the volatility of exchange rates. However, at present, banks are facing the greatest challenge of all that is, placing the customers at the centre of business and the systematic follow-up of customer satisfaction. The present paper aims at assessing the influence of a series of determinants and socio-demographic factors on customer satisfaction with banking services in Romania, using the probit and logit models. The research focused on the Romanian banking market due to its distinctiveness within the European context – performance indicators above the European average during the past five years and a concentration level that discloses a significant growth potential. The results of the two models employed revealed similar results, with the most influential variables on customer satisfaction being convenience, e-banking, quality, and revenues. First published online 14 March 202

The main features of the considered sample vs. the actual data.

<p>Table 1 shows the comparison between the main statistical features of the research sample and of the data regarding the whole teachers population enrolled in the high schools in Dambovita County.</p><p>The main features of the considered sample vs. the actual data.</p

Hierarchy of average net nominal monthly earnings in Romania in 2008, by CANE section.

<p>The education occupies the fifth rank in this hierarchy. Average exchange rate in 2008: 1 Euro = 3.6826 RON (European Central Bank). <i>Data source</i>: National Institute of Statistics.</p

Estimated Work Satisfaction: Eq 2 (AGE and TEACHING).

<p>Table 5 displays the values of the estimated variables considering the age of the teacher (= <i>AGE</i>) and the amount of experience in education (= <i>TEACH</i>) (both in years) as proxies for the demographic factors.</p><p>Note: the values in brackets are the <i>z</i> statistics.</p><p>Significance at the 1, 5, and 10% levels is denoted by ***, **, and *, respectively.</p><p>Estimated Work Satisfaction: <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115735#pone.0115735.e002" target="_blank">Eq 2</a> (AGE and TEACHING).</p

Summary of general information and values assigned in the model^a.

<p>Table 2 shows the summary of general information regarding the weight of provided answers by items, and values assigned in the model.</p><p>^a The full dataset is available from the authors on request.</p><p>Summary of general information and values assigned in the model<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0115735#t002fn002" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p