126 research outputs found
From guests to hosts: a first whole picture of immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain
This article analyses the immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain, which only recently has become a host country. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreigner and Spaniard employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and that due to different returns to endowments (i.e., discrimination). We found that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling consistent with the evidence of over-education found by previous research.immigration; wage differentials; Spain; quantile regression
How are you doing in your grandpa’s country? Labour market performance of Latin American immigrants in Spain.
This paper analyses wage differentials between local and foreign workers from Latin America and the Caribbean in Spain, which was traditionally a country of emigrants, being precisely Hispanic America the main host region of Spanish migrants during the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, we also compute earnings. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreign and Spanish employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and the one due to different returns on endowments (i.e., discrimination). First, we find that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling. Second, there seem not to be significant wage gap between Latin American and the last of foreign employees, probably because non-native workers are employed in low-skill jobs.Immigration; Wage differentials; Latin America; Spain; Quantile regression.
Countering the Novelty Effect: A Tutorial for Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Environments
Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) is a new technology, the novelty effect of which can reduce
the enjoyment of iVR experiences and, especially, learning achievements when presented in the
classroom; an effect that the interactive tutorial proposed in this research can help overcome. Its
increasingly complex levels are designed on the basis of Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia
Learning, so that users can quickly gain familiarity with the iVR environment. The tutorial was
included in an iVR learning experience for its validation with 65 users. It was a success, according to
the user satisfaction and tutorial usability survey. First, it gained very high ratings for satisfaction,
engagement, and immersion. Second, high skill rates suggested that it helped users to gain familiarity
with controllers. Finally, a medium-high value for flow pointed to major concerns related to skill
and challenges with this sort of iVR experience. A few cases of cybersickness also arose. The survey
showed that only intense cybersickness levels significantly limited performance and enjoyment; low
levels had no influence on flow and immersion and little influence on skill, presence, and engagement,
greatly reducing the benefits of the tutorial, despite which it remained useful.This work was partially supported by the ACIS project (Reference Number INVESTUN/21/BU/0002) of the Consejeria de Empleo e Industria of the Junta de Castilla y León (Spain), the Erasmus+ RISKREAL Project (Reference Number 2020-1-ES01-KA204-081847) of the European Commission and the HumanAid Project (Reference Number TED2021-129485B-C43) of the Proyectos Estratégicos Orientados a la Transición Ecológica y a la Transición Digital of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Impact of ringdown higher-order modes on black-hole mergers in dense environments: the scalar field case, detectability and parameter biases
Dense environments hosting compact binary mergers can leave an imprint on the
gravitational-wave emission which, in turn, can be used to identify the
characteristics of the environment. To demonstrate such scenario, we consider a
simple setup of binary black holes with an environment consisting of a
scalar-field bubble. We use this as a proxy for more realistic environments and
as an example of the simplest physics beyond the standard model. We perform
Bayesian inference on the numerical relativity waveforms using state-of-the-art
waveform templates for black-hole mergers. In particular, we perform parameter
estimation and model selection on signals from black-hole mergers with
different mass ratios, total mass and loudness, and hosted by scalar-field
bubbles of varying field amplitude. We find that sub-dominant gravitational
wave modes emitted during the coalescence and ringdown are key to identifying
environmental effects. In particular, we find that for face-on signals
dominated by the quadrupole mode, the environment is only detectable if both
the ringdown and the late inspiral/early merger fall in the detector band, so
that inconsistencies can be found between the inferred binary parameters and
those of the final black hole. For edge-on mergers we find that the environment
can be detected even if only the ringdown is in band, thanks to the information
encoded in the quasi-normal mode structure of the final black-hole
Tres dĂ©cadas de economĂa, ideologĂa econĂłmica y polĂticas en la evoluciĂłn de la pobreza y la desigualdad en AmĂ©rica Latina
The objective of this paper is to take stock of the changes in the economy and in economic and social policies in Latin America in the last 30 years in which to frame the changes in poverty and inequality in the region. Thus, the main thesis of the paper argues that, beyond the improvements that indicators of poverty and inequality in the region in recent years show, these changes have a framework of complex processes of the transformation of the economies, ideologies and economic social and economic policies in multiple dimensions that must be taken into account to achieve a deep understanding of what happened
Tres dĂ©cadas de economĂa, ideologĂa econĂłmica y polĂticas en la evoluciĂłn de la pobreza y la desigualdad en AmĂ©rica Latina
The objective of this paper is to take stock of the changes in the economy and in economic and social policies in Latin America in the last 30 years in which to frame the changes in poverty and inequality in the region. Thus, the main thesis of the paper argues that, beyond the improvements that indicators of poverty and inequality in the region in recent years show, these changes have a framework of complex processes of the transformation of the economies, ideologies and economic social and economic policies in multiple dimensions that must be taken into account to achieve a deep understanding of what happened
From guests to hosts: a first whole picture of immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain
This article analyses the immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain, which only recently has become a host country. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreigner and Spaniard employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and that due to different returns to endowments (i.e., discrimination). We found that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling consistent with the evidence of over-education found by previous research
How are you doing in your grandpa’s country? Labour market performance of Latin American immigrants in Spain.
This paper analyses wage differentials between local and foreign workers from Latin America and the Caribbean in Spain, which was traditionally a country of emigrants, being precisely Hispanic America the main host region of Spanish migrants during the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, we also compute earnings. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreign and Spanish employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and the one due to different returns on endowments (i.e., discrimination). First, we find that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling. Second, there seem not to be significant wage gap between Latin American and the last of foreign employees, probably because non-native workers are employed in low-skill jobs
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