PATOLOGÍAS POSPARTO Y ORIGEN DE VACAS INFÉRTILES EN GANADO LECHERO EN EL ALTIPLANO MEXICANO

La infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas es un problema creciente y una de las principales causas de desecho. El objetivo fue determinar el origen de infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas del altiplano mexicano con patologías posparto. Se estudiaron 1,110 vacas Holstein estabuladas y divididas por número de parto: primero (n=389); segundo, (n=296) y tres o más (n=425). El análisis estadístico se realizó haciendo una comparación de medias (modelo ANOVA) y factores de riesgo (Odds Ratio). El 80.5% de las vacas permanecieron sanas después del parto, 15,6% resultaron infértiles y el 3,9% no presentó cambios. La prevalencia de patologías fue del 19,5% encontrando que el grupo de vacas con patologías reproductivas tuvieron mayor porcentaje (p<0,05) de infertilidad (25,0%). Se incrementó el problema de infertilidad con el número de partos, siendo el grupo de vacas de tres o más partos y con patologías reproductivas las de mayor porcentaje de vacas infértiles comparadas con las de segundo y primer parto (39,0%, 30,0% y 14,0%; p<0,05, respectivamente). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo vacas de segundo parto (OR: 2,24 IC95%: 1,06-4,95) y aquellas con más de tres partos que presentaron patologías reproductivas (OR: 1,95 IC95%: 1,03-3,71). En conclusión, las vacas que presentaron patologías reproductivas tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de infertilidad, el cual incrementó hasta cuatro veces el riesgo de quedar vacías, especialmente si presentaban más de dos partos. No se pudo explicar por completo el porcentaje de vacas infértiles con las patologías posparto, quedando un 15.6% de vacas infértiles con diferente origen.// Infertility in dairy cows under intensive productive systems is a growing problem and is one of the main causes of culling. The objective was to determine the origin of infertility in dairy cows under intensive productive systems from the Mexican highlands with postpartum pathologies. In this experiment 1,110 housed Holstein cows were studied. Cows were divided by calving number: First (n=389); Second (n=296) and three or more (n=425). Statistical analysis: comparison of means (Anova model) and univariate analysis. High percentage of the cows remained healthy after calving (80.5%); however, 15.6% of these cows were infertile. The prevalence of pathologies was 19.5%, and 26.3% of these cows were infertile. Cows with reproductive pathologies had a higher percentage (p <0.05) of infertile cows (25.0%). The infertility increased with the number of calvings, cows with three or more calvings and with reproductive pathologies had the highest percentage of infertile cows compared with those of second and first calving (39.0%, 30.0% and 14.0%, respectively). Second calving cows (OR: 2.24 95% CI: 1.06-4.95) and cows of three or more calvings and that presented reproductive pathologies (OR: 1.95 95% CI: 1.03-3.71) were identified as risk factors. In conclusion, cows that presented reproductive pathologies had the highest percentage of infertile cows and the risk of remaining infertile increased up to 4 times, especially if they presented more than 2 calvings. The percentage of infertile cows with postpartum pathologies could not be fully explained, leaving 15.6% of infertile cows with different origins

Gamete Therapeutics: Recombinant Protein Adsorption by Sperm for Increasing Fertility via Artificial Insemination

A decrease in fertility can have a negative economic impact, both locally and over a broader geographical scope, and this is especially the case with regard to the cattle industry. Therefore, much interest exists in evaluating proteins that might be able to increase the fertility of sperm. Heparin binding proteins (HBPs), specifically the fertility associated antigen (FAA) and the Type-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2), act to favor the capacitation and acrosome reaction and perhaps even modulate the immune system's response toward the sperm. The objective of this research was to determine the effect on fertility of adding recombinant FAA (rFAA) and recombinant TIMP-2 (rTIMP-2) to bovine semen before cryopreservation for use in an artificial insemination (AI) program in a tropical environment. For this experiment, 100 crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) heifers were selected based on their estrus cycle, body condition score (BCS), of 4 to 6 on a scale of 1 to 9, and adequate anatomical conformation evaluated by pelvic and genital (normal) measurements. Heifers were synchronized using estradiol benzoate (EB), Celosil® (PGF2α) (Shering-Plough) and a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was inserted that contained progesterone. Inseminations were performed in two groups at random, 50 animals per group. The control group was inseminated with conventional semen. The treatment group was inseminated with semen containing rFAA (25 µg/mL) and rTIMP-2 (25 µg/mL). In the control group a 16% pregnancy rate was obtained versus a 40% pregnancy rate for the HBP treatment group, resulting in a significant difference (P = 0.0037). Given the results herein, one may conclude that the HBPs can increase fertility and could be an option for cattle in tropical conditions; however, one needs to consider the environment, nutrition, and the genetic interaction affecting the final result in whatever reproductive program that is implemented

Effects of maternal and service sire breed on circulating progesterone and estrogen concentrations before calving and 13,14-dihydro- 15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha after calving

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references.Effects of breed of service sire and dam upon prepartum and postpartum reproductive performance were studied in 20 Brahman (B) and 20 Angus (A) cows whose pregnancies were initiated by B or A bulls. Before calving cows were bled via tail venipuncture on d 28-34, 21-27, 14-20 and 7-13 prepartum and daily from parturition to d 7 postpartum. Serum concentrations of progesterone (P4; ng/MI), estrogens (E; pg/ml) and plasma 13-14dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2(x (PGFM; pg/ml) were measured using radioimmunoassay procedures. Hormone data were analyzed using SAS GLM procedures for ANOVA specific for repeated measures. The models included breed of dam and service sire as main effects and their interactions. On d 14-20 prepartum P4 was higher (.01) in dams bred to B sires. Dams carrying males had higher (P=.003) P4 on d 14-20 prepartum than dams carrying female. On d 28-34 prepartum B had higher (P=.01) E than A female. On d 28-34 prepartum B had higher (P=.01) E than A dams. Dams bred to A had higher E on d 7-13 (P=.03) and on 28- 34 prepartum (P=.07) than did dams bred to B bulls. Dams carrying males had higher E than dams carrying female calves on d 14-20 (P=.01) and 21-27 prepartum (P=.02). Dams bred to B had higher ratios (P4:E) of P4 to E on d 7-13 (P=.03) and 14-20 prepartum (P=.007) than did dams bred to A bulls. B dams had higher PGFM on d .5 (P=.06), I (P=.05) and 2 postpartum (p=.07). Dams bred to A had higher PGFM on d 1 (P=.02) and 2 postpartum (P=.01) than dams bred to B bulls. Dams producing female calves had higher (P=.02) PGFM at parturition than dams producing males. Hormonal profiles pre and postpartum were influenced by breed of service sire and dam, which may influence postpartum reproductive performance in cattle

Patologias pós-parto e origem de vacas inférteis no gado leiteiro das montanhas mexicanas

La infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas es un problema creciente y una de las principales causas de desecho. El objetivo fue determinar el origen de infertilidad en vacas lecheras estabuladas del altiplano mexicano con patologías posparto. Se estudiaron 1,110 vacas Holstein estabuladas y divididas por número de parto: primero (n=389); segundo, (n=296) y tres o más (n=425). El análisis estadístico se realizó haciendo una comparación de medias (modelo ANOVA) y factores de riesgo (Odds Ratio). El 80.5% de las vacas permanecieron sanas después del parto, 15,6% resultaron infértiles y el 3,9% no presentó cambios. La prevalencia de patologías fue del 19,5% encontrando que el grupo de vacas con patologías reproductivas tuvieron mayor porcentaje (p&lt;0,05) de infertilidad (25,0%). Se incrementó el problema de infertilidad con el número de partos, siendo el grupo de vacas de tres o más partos y con patologías reproductivas las de mayor porcentaje de vacas infértiles comparadas con las de segundo y primer parto (39,0%, 30,0% y 14,0%;p&lt;0,05, respectivamente). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo vacas de segundo parto (OR: 2,24 IC95%: 1,06-4,95) y aquellas con más de tres partos que presentaron patologías reproductivas (OR: 1,95 IC95%: 1,03-3,71). En conclusión, las vacas que presentaron patologías reproductivas tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de infertilidad, el cual incrementó hasta cuatro veces el riesgo de quedar vacías, especialmente si presentaban más de dos partos. No se pudo explicar por completo el porcentaje de vacas infértiles con las patologías posparto, quedando un 15.6% de vacas infértiles condiferente origen.Infertility in dairy cows under intensive productive systems is a growing problem and is one of the main causes of culling. The objective was to determine the origin of infertility in dairy cows under intensive productive systems from the Mexican highlands with postpartum pathologies. In this experiment 1,110 housed Holstein cows were studied. Cows were divided by calving number: First (n=389); Second (n=296) and three or more (n=425). Statistical analysis: comparison of means (Anova model) and univariate analysis. High percentage of the cows remained healthy after calving (80.5%); however, 15.6% of these cows were infertile. The prevalence of pathologies was 19.5%, and 26.3% of these cows were infertile. Cows with reproductive pathologies had a higher percentage (p &lt;0.05) of infertile cows (25.0%). The infertility increased with the number of calvings, cows with three or more calvings and with reproductive pathologies had the highest percentage of infertile cows compared with those of second and first calving (39.0%, 30.0% and 14.0%, respectively). Second calving cows (OR: 2.24 95% CI: 1.06-4.95) and cows of three or more calvings and that presented reproductive pathologies (OR: 1.95 95% CI: 1.03-3.71) were identified as risk factors. In conclusion,cows that presented reproductive pathologies had the highest percentage of infertile cows and the risk of remaining infertile increased up to 4 times, especially if they presented more than 2 calvings. The percentage of infertile cows with postpartum pathologies could not be fully explained, leaving 15.6% of infertile cows with different origins.A infertilidade em vacas leiteiras em estábulo é um problema crescente e uma das principais causas de abate. O objetivo foi determinar a origem da infertilidade em vacas leiteiras em estábulos do planalto mexicano por patologias pós-parto. Foram estudadas 1110 vacas Holandesas confinadas, divididas pelo número de partos: primeiro (n = 389); segundo, (n = 296) e três ou mais (n = 425). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da comparação de médias (modelo anova) e fatores de risco (Odds Ratio). 80,5% das vacas permaneceram saudáveis após o parto, 15,6% eram inférteis e 3,9% não apresentavam alterações.A prevalência de patologias foi de 19,5%, constatando-se que o grupo de vacas com patologias reprodutivas apresentou maior percentual (p &lt;0,05) de infertilidade (25,0%). O problema de infertilidade aumentou com o número de partos, sendo o grupo de vacas com três ou mais partos e com patologias reprodutivas apresentaram maior porcentagem de vacas inférteis em comparação com as de segundo e primeiro parto (39,0%, 30,0% e 14,0 %; p &lt;0,05, respectivamente). Vacas de segundo parto (OR: 2,24 IC95%: 1,06 - 4,95) e aquelas com mais de três partos que apresentavam patologias reprodutivas (OR: 1,95 IC95%: 1,03 - 3,71) foram identificadas como fatores de risco. Em conclusão, as vacas que apresentavam patologias reprodutivas tinham os maiores percentuais de infertilidade e o risco de ficarem vazias aumentava em até quatro vezes, principalmente se apresentassem mais de dois partos. A porcentagem de vacas inférteis com patologias pós-parto não pôde ser totalmente explicada, deixando 15,6% das vacas inférteis com origens diferentes

Percentages of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices retained, presentation of estrus and gestations summarized for the different groups.

<p>Group A (Control) = crossbred heifers inseminated with cryopreserved, frozen-thawed sperm without added recombinant heparin binding proteins (<i>r</i>HBPs), i.e., control group. Group B (<i>r</i>HBPs) = crossbred heifers inseminated with cryopreserved, frozen-thawed sperm with added <i>r</i>HBPs, i.e., treatment group.</p

Comparison of body condition scores (BCS) and the number of gestational females in each experimental group which consisted of crossbred heifers inseminated with cryopreserved sperm with (treatment) or without (control) recombinant heparin binding proteins.

*<p>Estimated values with the logistic model (a 95% confidence interval).</p

Fitted model of the logistic regression analysis of the pregnancy rates for estimating the percentages of gestations under the different experimental conditions: .

<p>Null deviance: 30.63 on 3 degrees of freedom.</p><p>Residual deviance: 1.5 on 1 degree of freedom.</p><p>Akaike Information Criterion (AIC): 17.8.</p><p><i>r</i>HBPs = recombinant heparin binding proteins, 0 or 1 for the treatment or control group, respectively.</p><p>BCS = body condition score, 0 or 1 for BCS = 4 or 6, respectively.</p

Visualization of representative control and treatment sperm samples included the following: a) fertility associated antigen (FAA) antibody control sample (FAA negative) without FAA present on sperm (provided by Midland Bioproducts Corporation®) and verified after the application of fluorescein conjugated FAA antibody, b) FAA protein control sample (FAA negative, provided by Midland Bioproducts Corporation®) with fluorescein conjugated FAA recombinant protein added to sperm, c) fluorescein conjugated Type-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) antibody added to sperm, and d) fluorescein conjugated TIMP-2 protein added to sperm.

<p>Visualization of representative control and treatment sperm samples included the following: a) fertility associated antigen (FAA) antibody control sample (FAA negative) without FAA present on sperm (provided by Midland Bioproducts Corporation®) and verified after the application of fluorescein conjugated FAA antibody, b) FAA protein control sample (FAA negative, provided by Midland Bioproducts Corporation®) with fluorescein conjugated FAA recombinant protein added to sperm, c) fluorescein conjugated Type-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) antibody added to sperm, and d) fluorescein conjugated TIMP-2 protein added to sperm.</p