Sacral nerve stimulation for the treatment of severe fecal incontinence: long-term quality of life and functional outcomes

Fundamento. El objetivo fue conocer si la mejora funcional y de calidad de vida lograda con la neuroestimulación de raíces sacras (SNS) en pacientes con incontinencia fecal grave se mantiene a largo plazo. Material y métodos. Cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con incontinencia fecal grave que no respondieron a manejo conservador (fármacos y/o biofeedback) o quirúrgico (esfinteroplastia); se realizó SNS entre 2002 y 2013. A los pacientes con implante definitivo se les valoró individualmente en consulta a lo largo del seguimiento, hasta enero de 2016. Se valoró la función defecatoria mediante el score Wexner y el diario defecatorio, y la calidad de vida percibida con los cuestionarios FIQL y EQ-5D. Resultados. Se realizó la estimulación aguda a 93 pacientes, y se implantó el electrodo temporal a 91 (79,1% mujeres, edad media 62,5 años) con buen resultado funcional en 64. El generador definitivo se implantó en 61 pacientes seguidos una media de 78,1 meses (DE: 35,4; rango 1-161); al finalizar el estudio, 42 pacientes seguían en seguimiento. Se observó una disminución significativa del número de días con escapes/semana de 4,98 (DE: 2,1) a 1,25 (DE: 1,7) y de las puntuaciones del scoreWexner de 16,88 (DE: 2,74) a 6,95 (DE: 3,54). La calidad de vida percibida mejoró de forma significativa, al observarse un aumento de las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios FIQL y EQ-5D.Conclusiones. La SNS mantiene buenos resultados funcionales y de calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia fecal grave a largo plazo, con seguimientos individuales que alcanzan los 10 años.Background. The aim is to determine whether good functional and quality of life results of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in patients with severe fecal incontinence are maintained in the long-term.Material and methods. Consecutive cohort of patients with severe fecal incontinence not responding to conservative (drugs and/or biofeedback) or surgical (sphincteroplasty) treatment, undergoing SNS between 2002 and 2013. Patients with a definitive implant were individually assessed in consultation throughout the follow-up, until January 2016. Defecatory function was assessed by Wexner score and stool diary, and perceived quality of life by FIQL and EQ-5D questionnaires. Results. Acute percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) was performed on 93 patients; a temporary electrode was implanted in 91 (79.1% women, mean age 62.5 years), obtaining a good functional response in 64. A permanent implant was performed in 61 patients, with a mean follow-up of 78.1 months (SD: 35.4; range 1-161); at the end of the study 42 patients remained in follow-up. A significant decrease was observed in the number of days per week with an incontinent episode, from 4.98 (SD 2.1) to 1.25 (SD 1.7), and in Wexner score from 16.88 (SD 2.74) to 6.95 (SD 3.54). Specific FIQL and generic EQ-5D questionnaires showed a significant improvement in quality of life. Conclusion. Long-term functional and quality of life outcomes of SNS for the treatment of severe faecal incontinence is maintained, with individual follow-ups that reach 10 years

Trends and outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis and critical assessment of a 10-year prospective national registry on behalf of the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project

Introduction: Preoperative treatment and adequate surgery increase local control in rectal cancer. However, modalities and indications for neoadjuvant treatment may be controversial. Aim of this study was to assess the trends of preoperative treatment and outcomes in patients with rectal cancer included in the Rectal Cancer Registry of the Spanish Associations of Surgeons. Method: This is a STROBE-compliant retrospective analysis of a prospective database. All patients operated on with curative intention included in the Rectal Cancer Registry were included. Analyses were performed to compare the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in three timeframes: I)2006–2009; II)2010–2013; III)2014–2017. Survival analyses were run for 3-year survival in timeframes I-II. Results: Out of 14, 391 patients, 8871 (61.6%) received neoadjuvant treatment. Long-course chemo/radiotherapy was the most used approach (79.9%), followed by short-course radiotherapy ± chemotherapy (7.6%). The use of neoadjuvant treatment for cancer of the upper third (15-11 cm) increased over time (31.5%vs 34.5%vs 38.6%, p = 0.0018). The complete regression rate slightly increased over time (15.6% vs 16% vs 18.5%; p = 0.0093); the proportion of patients with involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) went down from 8.2% to 7.3%and 5.5% (p = 0.0004). Neoadjuvant treatment significantly decreased positive CRM in lower third tumors (OR 0.71, 0.59–0.87, Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0008). Most ypN0 patients also received adjuvant therapy. In MR-defined stage III patients, preoperative treatment was associated with significantly longer local-recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). The survival benefit was smaller in upper third cancers. Conclusion: There was an increasing trend and a potential overuse of neoadjuvant treatment in cancer of the upper rectum. Most ypN0 patients received postoperative treatment. Involvement of CRM in lower third tumors was reduced after neoadjuvant treatment. Stage III and MRcN + benefited the most

Tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn perianal

La afectación perianal por enfermedad de Crohn comprende un amplio espectro de lesiones de diferente manejo y pronóstico. Una exploración minuciosa del paciente, si es preciso bajo anestesia, una rectoscopia para valorar la posible afectación del recto por la enfermedad, y en ocasiones la valoración mediante ecografía endoanal o resonancia magnética, son las bases para un correcto enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico. Farmacología y cirugía han de complementarse en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn perianal y perseguir un doble objetivo: aliviar la sintomatología del paciente y prevenir posibles complicaciones. Salvo en situaciones de urgencia por sepsis perianal, el tratamiento médico es el primer escalón en el manejo de la enfermedad de Crohn perianal, y en muchas ocasiones se controlará la enfermedad haciendo innecesaria la cirugía. Cuando se precisa de ésta, al propósito de un tratamiento definitivo de la lesión perianal, ha de contraponerse el riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones, muy especialmente incontinencia