Topical vitamin A treatment of recalcitrant common warts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Common warts (<it>verruca vulgaris</it>) are benign epithelial proliferations associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Salicylic acid and cryotherapy are the most frequent treatments for common warts, but can be painful and cause scarring, and have high failure and recrudescence rates. Topical vitamin A has been shown to be a successful treatment of common warts in prior informal studies.</p> <p>Case</p> <p>The subject is a healthy, physically-active 30 old female with a 9 year history of common warts on the back of the right hand. The warts resisted treatment with salicylic acid, apple cider vinegar and an over-the-counter blend of essential oils marketed for the treatment of warts. Daily topical application of natural vitamin A derived from fish liver oil (25,000 IU) led to replacement of all the warts with normal skin. Most of the smaller warts had been replaced by 70 days. A large wart on the middle knuckle required 6 months of vitamin A treatment to resolve completely.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Retinoids should be further investigated in controlled studies to determine their effectiveness in treating common warts and the broad range of other benign and cancerous lesions induced by HPVs.</p

Sonography in blunt abdominal trauma: a preliminary progress report.

Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma is clinically challenging. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) and computed tomographic (CT) scanning have become primary diagnostic modalities. We examined the efficacy and role of ultrasonographic (US) studies in the initial abdominal evaluation of blunt trauma patients. Over an 8-month period, patients whose abdominal work-up indicated the need for DPL or CT were evaluated sonographically within the first hour after admission by trauma fellows (PGY-6) with at least 1 hour of theoretical training and 1 hour of practical training. Sonograms considered positive were those showing free peritoneal fluid or organ disruption. Hard copies of the sonograms were evaluated by a staff radiologist without knowledge of the fellows\u27 interpretations or of DPL or CT results. Based on the fellows\u27 interpretation of the real-time sonograms, among the first 163 patients studied were 11 true-positive, 146 true-negative, one false-positive, and five false-negative results. Sixteen patients had intra-abdominal injury documented by DPL, CT, or laparotomy. Ultrasonography was 91% sensitive in detecting the presence of hemoperitoneum. Overall, ultrasonography was 69% sensitive, 99% specific, and 96% accurate in diagnosing abdominal injury. We conclude that emergency sonography on admission can serve as a valuable adjunct to the physical diagnosis of clinically significant hemoperitoneum. It is noninvasive, portable, and accurate in determining the need for further diagnostic/surgical intervention

Insights from an Initial Exploration of Cognitive Biases in Spatial Decisions

The need and interest to consider cognitive and motivational biases has been recognized in many different disciplines (e.g. economics, operational research, decision theory, finance) and has recently reached environmental decision-making. Within this domain, the intrinsic presence of a spatial dimension of both alternatives and criteria calls for the use of geographical maps throughout the decision-making process to properly represent the spatial distribution of the features under analysis. This makes Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Aiding (SMCDA) a particularly interesting domain to explore new implications of cognitive and motivational biases. The present chapter presents and discusses the results of a literature review of recent applications of Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Aiding across different domains. The objective of the study is to enlighten possible biases in both the design of spatial MCDA models and in the interpretation of their results. The proposed review and classification of the relevant literature is expected to have important implications for spatial decision-making procedures, by generating better awareness on (i) the meta-choices available to model builders when designing Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Aiding processes and (ii) the consequences of these meta-choices on human judgment for both the facilitators of the modeling processes and the users of the models

The Fanconi Anemia Pathway Limits Human Papillomavirus Replication

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) deregulate epidermal differentiation and cause anogenital and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The E7 gene is considered the predominant viral oncogene and drives proliferation and genome instability. While the implementation of routine screens has greatly reduced the incidence of cervical cancers which are almost exclusively HPV positive, the proportion of HPV-positive head and neck SCCs is on the rise. High levels of HPV oncogene expression and genome load are linked to disease progression, but genetic risk factors that regulate oncogene abundance and/or genome amplification remain poorly understood. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genome instability syndrome characterized at least in part by extreme susceptibility to SCCs. FA results from mutations in one of 15 genes in the FA pathway, whose protein products assemble in the nucleus and play important roles in DNA damage repair. We report here that loss of FA pathway components FANCA and FANCD2 stimulates E7 protein accumulation in human keratinocytes and causes increased epithelial proliferation and basal cell layer expansion in the HPV-positive epidermis. Additionally, FANCD2 loss stimulates HPV genome amplification in differentiating cells, demonstrating that the intact FA pathway functions to restrict the HPV life cycle. These findings raise the possibility that FA genes suppress HPV infection and disease and suggest possible mechanism(s) for reported associations of HPV with an FA cohort in Brazil and for allelic variation of FA genes with HPV persistence in the general population

Self-regulation, Corporate Social Responsibility, and the Business Case: Do they Work in Achieving Workplace Equality and Safety?

self-regulation, globalization, business case, corporate social responsibility, workplace equality, workplace safety,

Veiled diversity? Workplace experiences of Muslim women in Australia

Australia, Managing diversity, Migrants, Multilevel perspective, Muslim women,