Architects in Europe: Models of Professionalisation and Potential Implications for the Planning Profession

Data from the Architects’ Council of Europe (ACE) show a very inhomogeneous distribution of architects among European countries, for example, high numbers of architects in Italy and Germany versus low numbers in the UK and France. These discrepancies cannot be explained by differences in the domestic construction markets. This paper reviews models of professionalisation to explain the heterogeneity among European architects and shows potential implications for the planning profession in Europe. We analyse the 2018 ACE data for the five European countries with the strongest labour markets for architects. Our findings led to three main conclusions: Firstly, such models of professionalisation add to an understanding of statistical data on architects in Europe. Secondly, a better understanding of the statistical data requires more than a single theory. Thirdly, as to the planning profession, the standard process model of professionalisation may work well for the UK, but not for the other European countries.Peer Reviewe

Expertisierung vs. Professionalisierung: relative und andere Experten aus Sicht der psychologischen Expertiseforschung

"In der Soziologie werden Expertisierung und Professionalisierung oft gleichgesetzt. Selbst Andrew Abbott versteht sein Werk 'The System of Professions' (1988) als Analyse der Arbeit von Experten. Es gibt jedoch gute Gründe, zwischen Expertisierung und Professionalisierung zu unterscheiden (Mieg, 2001, 2005). Begreift man Professionalisierung mit Bezug auf Verberuflichung (auf Makro- wie Mikroebene) und Expertisierung mit Bezug auf die Nutzung von Expertenwissen bzw. von Expertise, so können wir festhalten: Die Entwicklung von Expertise (als individueller Fähigkeit) lässt sich unabhängig von Professionalisierung untersuchen. Dies ist auch einer der Gründe, warum die Professionssoziologie und die psychologische Expertiseforschung bislang noch nicht zusammengefunden haben. Die Nutzung von Expertenwissen ist nicht immer an das Mitwirken professioneller Experten gebunden. Ein häufiges Phänomen ist die die Nutzung nicht-professioneller relativer Expertise ('sich von jemandem, der/ die es besser weiß, fachlichen Rat holen'). Diese geht - obzwar temporär - mit der Zurechnung eines Expertenstatus einher. Der Vortrag zeigt die Ergebnisse der psychologischen Expertiseforschung. Diskutiert werden Brückenkonzepten, z.B. Typisierungen von Experten bzw. Expertenrollen (Professionelle, relative Experten, ...). Erörtert werden zudem die Folgen für die Analyse der Nutzung von Expertenwissen und der temporären Zusammenarbeit mit Experten, z.B. im Kontext von Freiwilligenarbeit." (Autorenreferat

Forms of Research within Strategies for Implementing Undergraduate Research

University initiatives for implementing undergraduate research (UR) often falter or become diluted when crossing disciplinary borders that define the internal organization of university institutes and departments. The core defensive argument presented by the disciplines is that of differing research approaches, such that the experience of implementing UR within one discipline is not necessarily transferable to others. This paper introduces a typology of forms of research, which can cross disciplines and support a case for – and inter-departmental cooperation towards – implementing UR. Evidence is provided from universities funded by the German teaching reform initiative (Qualitätspakt Lehre)

Comparing perceived effects of climate-related environmental change and adaptation strategies for the Pacific small island states of Tuvalu, Samoa, and Tonga

Inhabitants of Pacific small island states are facing multiple socio-ecological pressures, with climate change being one of the most prominent. Nevertheless, the agency of local stakeholders in decisions on how to adapt to climate-related environmental change has been largely underappreciated in the climate change sciences as well as in policy decisions. We, therefore, conducted a survey study in Tuvalu, Samoa, and Tonga, asking specifically how residents perceive their situation regarding climate-related challenges, what adaptation strategies they have devised and implemented, and what they expect of governmental and nongovernmental organisations in these efforts. In contrast to the common perception that Pacific small island states are primarily threatened by rising sea levels, residents’ perceptions indicate that drought, cyclones and other flood-related problems pose a far more imminent danger. Our results suggest that further research on those perceived environmental changes is advisable to provide reliable data for scientific models and policy decisions

Four Types of Knowledge Integration Management in Interdisciplinary Research on Cities and the Environment

This article provides an overview on different types of managing interdisciplinary knowledge integration in environmental urban research projects: 1. synthesis-then , 2. synthesis-online , 3. synthesis-first , 4. synthesis-as contracted . We present two projects in the context of urban ecology, in order to discuss two types of integration management in more detail. In the synthesis-first type of project management, interdisciplinary knowledge integration is organized through syntheses groups that represent the relevant perspectives on a case. We introduce synthesis-first using the Zurich North case study as an example. In the synthesis-online type of project management, interdisciplinary knowledge integration is wanted but occurs only occasionally. As an example, we present the interdisciplinary Berlin project on urban ecology. This article argues that knowledge integration in general requires sufficient management and an audience for the products of knowledge integration (scientific or not). We emphasize the importance of boundary objects for interdisciplinary knowledge integration in general and for urban ecology in particular

Organizational, Motivational, and Cultural Contexts of Volunteering

This open access book offers a comprehensive view of the phenomenon of volunteer work: it examines motivational factors and questions of corporate organization and the social environment. In particular, this is the first book to present volunteer work in detail as a psychosocial resource and a source of well-being that should not be overused or abused. The book is based on the authors' 15 years of research into volunteer work in Europe. It provides clear instructions on designing volunteer work tasks, and on where boundaries must be respected. The findings include insights into cultural and national differences, and offer practical advice on the organization of volunteer work. This book answers questions like: How do we understand voluntary work? How essential is it that this kind of work remains unpaid and carried out by so-called laypersons with special motives? And what follows from this for the interaction between voluntary work and professionalized, paid employment? The analysis draws on perspectives from wellbeing research, organizational and industrial studies, social work, and related social sciences

Editorial: Forschendes Lernen im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsorientierung und Berufsbezug

Editorial: Forschendes Lernen im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsorientierung und Berufsbezu

Organizational, Motivational, and Cultural Contexts of Volunteering

This open access book offers a comprehensive view of the phenomenon of volunteer work: it examines motivational factors and questions of corporate organization and the social environment. In particular, this is the first book to present volunteer work in detail as a psychosocial resource and a source of well-being that should not be overused or abused. The book is based on the authors' 15 years of research into volunteer work in Europe. It provides clear instructions on designing volunteer work tasks, and on where boundaries must be respected. The findings include insights into cultural and national differences, and offer practical advice on the organization of volunteer work. This book answers questions like: How do we understand voluntary work? How essential is it that this kind of work remains unpaid and carried out by so-called laypersons with special motives? And what follows from this for the interaction between voluntary work and professionalized, paid employment? The analysis draws on perspectives from wellbeing research, organizational and industrial studies, social work, and related social sciences

Perception of Climate Change in a Pacific Island City

According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) small island states (SIS) will be severely affected by global climate change. Especially a rising sea level, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and rising temperature will have serious impact on life on small islands in tropical regions. SIS hardly contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases, therefore their main challenge will be focussing on adaptation to prevent further damages

Wissenschaftsverantwortung: Wissenschaftsforschung Jahrbuch 2019

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