Maximal amplitude postures of the scapula : simulations with the Anybody software

8th World Congress of Biomechanics, DUBLIN, IRELANDE, 08-/07/2018 - 12/07/2018Scapular dyskinesis is often associated to shoulder joint injuries. However, as stated by Kibler (2003), 'no specific pattern of dyskinesis is associated with a specific shoulder diagnosis'. To better understand the pathomechanisms associated to scapular dyskinesis, the effect of scapular position and orientation still need to be investigated

Kinematics of the bow arm of violinists: effect of tempo, string played and play style and their interactions

8th World Congress of Biomechanics, DUBLIN, IRELANDE, 08-/07/2018 - 12/07/2018Bowed string musicians are especially at risk of upper limb injuries (Cayea and Manchester, 1998). While a few risk factors were identified, no causal relations could be found (Baadjou et al., 2016), highlighting the need for biomechanical investigations. Among the music parameters impacting violinists' biomechanics, the tempo, string played and play style have been investigated (Visentin and Shan, 2003; Berque and Gray, 2002). However, interactions between these parameters are not clear. Their knowledge could help defining relevant experimental research plans. The objective was to assess the interactions of the tempo, string played and play style on the bow arm biomechanic

Loss-of-function alleles of P2RX7 and TLR4 fail to affect the response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

The success of anticancer chemotherapy relies at least in part on the induction of an immune response against tumor cells. Thus, tumors growing on mice that lack the pattern recognition receptor TLR4 or the purinergic receptor P2RX7 fail to respond to chemotherapy with anthracyclins or oxaliplatin in conditions in which the same neoplasms growing on immunocompetent mice would do so. Similarly, the therapeutic efficacy (measured as progression-free survival) of adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclins is reduced in breast cancer patients bearing loss-of-function alleles of TLR4 or P2RX7. TLR4 loss-of-function alleles also have a negative impact on the therapeutic outcome of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer patients. Here, we report that loss-of-function TLR4 and P2RX7 alleles do not affect overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, irrespective of the administration and type of chemotherapy. The intrinsic characteristics of NSCLC (which near-to-always is chemoresistant and associated with poor prognosis) and/or the type of therapy that is employed to treat this malignancy (which near-to-always is based on cisplatin) may explain why two genes that affect the immune response to dying cells fail to influence the clinical progression of NSCLC patients

Prognostic impact of vitamin B6 metabolism in lung cancer

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are routinely treated with cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin. Through a genome-wide siRNA-based screen, we identified vitamin B6 metabolism as a central regulator of cisplatin responses in vitro and in vivo. By aggravating a bioenergetic catastrophe that involves the depletion of intracellular glutathione, vitamin B6 exacerbates cisplatin-mediated DNA damage, thus sensitizing a large panel of cancer cell lines to apoptosis. Moreover, vitamin B6 sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis induction by distinct types of physical and chemical stress, including multiple chemotherapeutics. This effect requires pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the enzyme that generates the bioactive form of vitamin B6. In line with a general role of vitamin B6 in stress responses, low PDXK expression levels were found to be associated with poor disease outcome in two independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC. These results indicate that PDXK expression levels constitute a biomarker for risk stratification among patients with NSCLC.publishedVersio

ezc3d: An easy C3D file I/O cross-platform solution for C++, Python and MATLAB

<p>EZC3D is an easy to use reader, modifier and writer for C3D format files. It is written en C++ with proper binders for Python and MATLAB scripting langages.</p> <p>C3D (<a href="http://c3d.org">http://c3d.org</a>) is a format specifically designed to store biomechanics data. Hence many biomechanics softwares can produce C3D files in order to share data. However, there is a lack in the biomechanics community of an easy to use, free and open source library to read, modify and write them as needed when it gets to the data analysis. EZC3D addresses these issues. It offers a comprehensive and light API to read and write C3D files. The source code is written in C++ allowing to be compiled and used by higher level langages.</p&gt

Modulation du phénotype de multichimiorésistance des cancers (identification de cibles potentielles et développement de nouveaux outils génothérapeutiques)

La chimiorésistance des cancers est une cause majeure d échec des chimiothérapies et résulte du phénotype de multichimiorésistance (MDR). Il est dû notamment à la surexpression du gène MDR1 produisant la glycoprotéine-P (P-gp) qui expulse les médicaments hors de la cellule. Nous avons montré l existence d une forme dimérique de la P-gp, abondante dans les régions membranaires riches en cholestérol, dont la formation dépend de la glycosylation de la P-gp. Nous avons pu moduler in vitro le phénotype MDR en diminuant la production de transporteurs ABC (P-gp, MRP1, BCRP) et des protéines MVP et LRP130 par interférence par ARN. Cet outil a été adapté aux lignées MDR difficilement transfectables grâce à des vecteurs lentiviraux, et a suggéré un rôle nouveau de la LRP130 dans l apoptose des cellules MDR, complémentaire de son activité trans-activatrice de MDR1. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives d étude et proposent des solutions originales dans la chimiothérapie des cancers MDR.The chemoresistance of cancers is a major cause of failure of chemotherapy. It results from the multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR), due in particular to the overexpression of the MDR1 gene. MDR1 produces P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that ejects drugs out of the cell. We showed the existence of P-gp dimers, particularly in cholesterol-enriched membranes, the formation of which depends on P-gp glycosylation. We could modulate the MDR phenotype in vitro by decreasing the production of ABC transporters (P-gp, MRP1, BCRP) and other proteins (MVP and LRP130) by using RNA interference. Lentiviral vectors carrying modulator siRNAs allowed us to transfect MDR cell lines that were hardly transfectable by other means. With this tool we could evidence a new role of LRP130 in the apoptosis of MDR cells that is complementary of its MDR1 trans-activating activity. This work opens new prospects and proposes original solutions in the chemotherapy of MDR cancersLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF