ANÁLISE DA CO-INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE A PECUÁRIA DE LEITE E CORTE EM MATO GROSSO

Livestock in Mato Grosso can be considered a national reference, standing out among other factors due to its herd size. However, dairy farming has been losing participation in the domestic scenario. Invariably, beef and milk production have an intrinsic relationship in the state, where beef livestock cycles determine factors to explain the production and price of milk. That is observed in the presence of an intense short-term relationship between milk production and price, as expected, and the calf price and live cattle. The effect of the impulse response on milk production shows that the variable that most impacts the producer's decision concerning milk production are the price of live cattle. Shocks in the price of live cattle produce a negative response in milk production, but the effect of the calf's price in turn positively influences production. The lack of specialized genetics may be one of the main causes of this close relationship, causing changes in the state's beef market and meat production to significantly affect milk production and price.A pecuária de corte em Mato Grosso é referência nacional, destacando-se entre outros fatores pelo tamanho de seu rebanho. Todavia sua pecuária leiteira vem perdendo participação no cenário doméstico. Invariavelmente, a atividade de corte e leite tem relação intrínseca no estado, onde os ciclos da pecuária de corte são fatores determinantes para explicar a produção e o preço do leite. Isso é observado na presença de uma relação de curto prazo mais intensa entre a produção de leite com seu preço, como esperado, mas também com o preço do bezerro e com o da @ do boi gordo. O efeito da resposta ao impulso na produção de leite mostra que a variável que mais impacta na decisão do produtor em relação à produção de leite é o preço da @ do boi. Choques no preço da @ produzem uma resposta negativa na produção de leite, mas o efeito do preço do bezerro por sua vez, influencia positivamente a produção. A falta de genética especializada pode ser uma das principais causas dessa estreita relação, fazendo com que mudanças no mercado de carne bovina do estado e na produção de carne afetem significativamente a produção e o preço do leite. Palavras-chave: pecuária; impulso-resposta; econometria.   Analysis of co-integration between milk dairy and beef cattle in Mato Grosso   ABSTRACT: Livestock in Mato Grosso can be considered a national reference, standing out among other factors due to its herd size. However, dairy farming has been losing participation in the domestic scenario. Invariably, beef and milk production have an intrinsic relationship in the state, where beef livestock cycles determine factors to explain the production and price of milk. That is observed in the presence of an intense short-term relationship between milk production and price, as expected, and the calf price and live cattle. The effect of the impulse response on milk production shows that the variable that most impacts the producer's decision concerning milk production are the price of live cattle. Shocks in the price of live cattle produce a negative response in milk production, but the effect of the calf's price in turn positively influences production. The lack of specialized genetics may be one of the main causes of this close relationship, causing changes in the state's beef market and meat production to significantly affect milk production and price. Key words: livestock; impulse-response; econometrics

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A FOREST-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION SYSTEM IN ALTA FLORESTA, MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL

This study investigates the economic feasibility of a livestock-forest integration system between Nellore cattle and teak species implemented in Fazenda Bacaeri, in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The economic analysis was based on the dataset provided by the Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril and used to elaborate a cash flow, as well as on the following selected criteria, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Profitability Index, for a Minimum Attractive Rate of 4.15% annually. The risk analysis was also carried out using the Monte Carlo probabilistic method, considering seven variables, such as the clearcut and thinning wood price, lean cattle selling price, animal acquisition and forest harvesting costs, thinning and clearcutting yield. The calculated analyzed economic indexes are as follows R$ 4,083,307.77 NPV, 6.48% IRR and 21.36% PI, which indicates the economic feasibility of the studied integration system. The risk analysis shows that this is a low-risk project since the probability of NPV being negative was calculated as 14.4%. However, no matter how efficient the risk prediction tools are, producers must have technical assistance from trained professionals to adequately interpret and mitigate the risks. The studied forest-livestock integration system is economically feasible and low risk

STRATEGIC DIAGNOSIS OF LIVESTOCK-FOREST INTEGRATION SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN MATO GROSSO

The objective of this study was to elaborate a strategic diagnosis about integrating the forest component (teak) into extensive cattle raising areas, in Alta Floresta, northern Mato Grosso state. For this, the SWOT analysis consisted of initially identifying the internal factors, the strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization (interviews) and the external factors, opportunities and threats external to the organization (bibliographic search) to elaborate the External and Internal Factor Evaluation Matrices. The data were obtained from applying semi-structured interviews to some of the key players in the agro-industrial chain, such as (3) producers, (3) farm managers, (2) professional technicians from the livestock field, and (3) collaborators of public institutions, and a bibliographic search/review as well. The answers given by each interviewee were scored according to their relevance. The scores assigned to internal and external factor evaluations were 2.83 and 3.24, higher than the average 2.5, indicating that the integration of forest with pasture areas is internally strong while the studied region has a favorable external environment. In general, the produced diagnosis indicates that the integration of livestock-forest is an attractive activity, promoting production diversity and collaborating with local development. However, there must be strategic planning between the different key players (government, public and private sectors) in order to foster the most appropriate activities for the region, guaranteeing the conditions for the consolidation of the forest-livestock integration system, given its great potential in relation to monoculture systems

Phyllochron and Leaf Lifespan of Four C4 Forage Grasses Cultivated in a Silvopastoral System

Silvopastoral systems are emerging as an option for more sustainable land use. However, the challenge is to optimize pasture production and the determine suitable management by understanding the growth and development of forages under trees canopy (Palma et al. 2007). In the silvopastoral system, trees change the environment that forages grow, and can influence the development of plants and, consequently, the sward dynamics. For instance, the light quantity (i.e. photon flux density) and quality (e.g. changes in red: far-red ratios) can vary as a result of the tree canopy (Beaudet et al. 2011). Phyllochron and leaf lifespan are morphogenetic processes that control growth and development of plants in a specific environment. These processes determine leaf area index and so the light interception by the sward (Lemaire and Chapman, 1996). These two characteristics can be used as tools for pasture management, and also are influenced by management practices, like nitrogen fertilization. However, there are few studies that evaluated these characteristics for forages cultivated under tree canopy (Paciullo et al. 2008), particularly when using the light interception (LI) as a criteria for cutting frequency. Under full sun, rotational stocking using 95% canopy LI has been recommended to use C4 species to their fullest potential and optimize ruminant weight gains on pasture (Silva and Carvalho, 2003). The aim of our work was to determine both the shading (five-year-old plantation of Eucalyptus dunni) and nitrogen availability effect on phyllochron and leaf lifespan of four C4 forage grasses species in a sub-tropical region, managed using the 95% light interception criteria to determine cutting frequency