Notes on male and female facial patterns in bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), with comments on other aculeates

Pallid (frequently yellow) integumental areas characterize faces of many bees and related wasps.  Some species lack such markings, others lack them only in females, while others have them in both sexes.  A rule applicable to thousands of species is that, if present, yellow areas are more extensive in males than in females.  In different groups, yellow areas can be either expanded or reduced, both have occurred repeatedly in the Aculeata.  In some groups that lack integumental yellow facial areas, males have brushes of yellow or brassy facial hairs that hide the integument.  Behavior associated with presence or abscence of facial yellow areas is not recognized, for mating males usually approach females from above and behind so that neither can see the face of the other.  Possibly male-to-male interactions are involved

The Life Cycle and Social Organization of Bees of the Genus Exoneura and Their Parasite, Inquilina (Hymenoptera: Xylocopinae)

Volume: 46Start Page: 317End Page: 35

Observations on the Pupae of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Volume: 30Start Page: 63End Page: 7

The Bee Genus Chilicola in the Tropical Andes, with Observations on Nesting Biology and a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Colletidae, Xeromelissinae)1

This is a revision of the species of the genus Chilicola found in the South American Andes, Peru to Venezuela, above elevations of 1000 m. In addition to the four previously described species known from this area, 23 new species are recognized and described. They fall into three groups: (1) The C. ashmeadi group of the subgenus Anoediscelis, for C. ashmeadi (Crawford) and the following new species: C. colombiana, mistica, venezuelana, wygodzinskyi, xanthostoma, xanthognatha, cooperi, pedunculata; (2) Subgenus Hylaeosoma for C aequatoriensis Benoist and the following new species: C. involuta, umbonata, canei, belli, smithpardoi; (3) The new subgenus Oroediscelis (type species, Chilicola styliventris) for C. styliventris Friese, quitensis Benoist, and the following new species: C. espeleticola, brooksi, benoistiana, cuzcoensis, bigibbosa, maculipes, transversaria, gibbosa, brzoskai, simplex. Phylogenetic analyses are presented for the subgenera of Chilicola and for the species of the subgenus Oroediscelis. Aspects of nesting biology are presented for C. espeleticola and C. styliventris

Notes on male and female facial patterns in bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), with comments on other aculeates

This is the published version.Pallid (frequently yellow) integumental areas characterize faces of many bees and related wasps. Some species lack such markings, others lack them only in females, while others have them in both sexes. A rule applicable to thousands of species is that, if present, yellow areas are more extensive in males than in females. In different groups, yellow areas can be either expanded or reduced, both have occurred repeatedly in the Aculeata. In some groups that lack integumental yellow facial areas, males have brushes of yellow or brassy facial hairs that hide the integument. Behavior associated with presence or abscence of facial yellow areas is not recognized, for mating males usually approach females from above and behind so that neither can see the face of the other. Possibly male-to-male interactions are involved

The Parasitic Groups of Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

Volume: 51Start Page: 291End Page: 33