Productive performance of pigs in different breeding stages, housed in a Wean-to-Finish system, with several stocking rates

The objective of the current study was to analyze the productive parameters of pigs housed in single and double capacity in the nursery, growth, and finishing phases in the Wean-to-Finish (WF) system. The research was carried out in the pig sector of the Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV) at the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), in Lages, Santa Catarina. Ninety male castrated pigs weaned at 28 days of age and with an initial mean weight of 7.91 kg were used. They were housed in a WF shed and divided into two treatments: T1 with three animals per pen, 1.5 m2 of space per animal and 0.38 m of feeder space from weaning until slaughter; and T2 with six animals per pen, 0.75 m2 of space per animal and 0.19 m of feeder space in the nursery phase (up to 63 days old); and three animals per pen, with 1.5 m2 of space per animal and 0.38 m of feeder space for the growth and termination phases. The animals were individually weighed and the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated and a randomized design with a total of 10 replicate pens per treatment (with each pen considered an experimental unit) were used. Animals were slaughtered at 161 days of age. The design was completely randomized. We found no significant difference in ADWG, ADFI, or FCR in either the nursery or growth/finish phases and also found no significant difference in carcass yield. Our results show that double stocking pigs in pens is a viable alternative that allows for the best use of facilities during the nursery period on farms that use the WF system

Lawsonia intracellularis: estudo da transmissão interespécies e da utilização do fluido oral na detecção de imunoglobulinas

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T06:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese___michelle_de_paula_gabardo.pdf: 2074510 bytes, checksum: d9af3bd5c6dd48805539fec4b1b82358 (MD5) Previous issue date: 28A 1ª etapa do 1° projeto objetivou verificar se camundongos se infectam com fezes de suínos inoculados com L. intracellularis. Camundongos (C1) ou (C2) foram expostos à fezes de suínos infectados ou negativos, respectivamente. Os camundongos foram testados pela nested-PCR e IHQ. A segunda etapa objetivou induzir contaminação de suínos com fezes de camundongos inoculados com o agente. Foram expostos 12 suínos às fezes dos camundongos positivos (S1) e dois à fezes negativas (S2). Os suínos foram testados pela sorologia, PCR e IHQ. A nested-PCR dos C1 foi positiva em pelo menos uma coleta e três C1 foram IHQ positivos. Onze suínos S1 foram positivos na PCR, nove soroconverteram e cinco foram positivos na IHQ. O segundo projeto objetivou padronizar a técnica IPMC para detecção de anticorpos anti-L. intracellularis em FO. Suínos foram separados em controle (T1) e inoculados com L. intracellularis (T2). Amostras individuais e coletivas de FO e sangue foram coletadas, testadas pela IPMC para detectar IgG no soro e IgA e IgG em FO. A maior porcentagem de animais positivos para IgA e IgG no FO foi na 5ª semana. A sensibilidade da IPMC foi de 84,62% para IgA e 88,46% para IgG no FO e 100% no soro, com especificidade de 100%. Houve alta concordância entre FO individual e baias. Conclui-se que camundongos são capazes de se infectar e eliminar o agente em quantidade suficiente para infectar suínos, e que FO possui potencial para ser utilizado como alternativa ao soro na detecção de IgG anti-L. intracellularisThis thesis was divided in two studies. The first part of first study aimed to check if mice could be infected by feces from L. intracellularis infected pigs. Thirty-four mice received feces of experimentally infected pigs (C1) and 11 received feces from negative pigs (C2). Mice were test by nested-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The second aimed to test if pigs could be infected when exposed to infected mice. Twelve pigs received positive mice feces (S1), and 2 received negative mice feces (S2). Pigs were tested by serology, PCR and IHC. C1 mice were nested-PCR positive at least one collection and 3 mice were IHC positive. Ten S1 were PCR positive, 9 seroconverted and 5 were IHC positive. The second study aimed to investigate the presence of IgA and IgG anti-L. intracellularis in oral fluid (OF) samples. Pigs were separate into control (T1) and inoculated groups (T2). Blood and OF samples were collected from each animal and pen. These samples were tested by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) for detection IgG in serum and IgA and IgG in OF. The IPMA showed 84.62% of sensitivity in detection of IgA, 88.46% in IgG in OF and 100% in serum, and specific was 100% in both samples. There was high agreement between the individual and pen OF. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated that mice may be infect and eliminate the agent in sufficient quantity to infect pigs. And, OF samples might be useful for profiling herds, but on farm experiments are still pending

Sanitary caracterization of pig raised in a wean-to finish system

This paper presents the results of sanitary evaluation of pigs raised in a wean-to-finish system (WF). The experiment was carried out in the Midwestern region of Santa Catarina, from January to June 2009. During this period, eight herds were evaluated with a total of 3545 pigs, weaned with an average of 28 days of age and 8.22 kg of body weight. Data were collected through eight sanitary assessments, performed on days 0, 7, 14, 38, 69, 102, 137 and 143 after wean, which were called assessment 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively . The assessment 0 consisted of an overview of the herds and facilities conditions at the time of the housing of the animals. The assessments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 consisted of tutoring clinics, being evaluated rates of diarrhea, coughing and sneezing. The assessment 7 consisted in a slaughter evaluation for pulmonary, renal, hepatic and gastric lesions. Additional clinical evaluations, with achievement of necropsies followed by collection of samples for bacteriological and histopathological exams were made in animals when there were health problems in the respective herd. The rates of coughing and sneezing in the evaluated herds increased at the 13th and 18th weeks of age. The highest rate of diarrhea was observed during the nursery period in the first assessment, when Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated. During the growing and finishing period, Brachyspira sp. (114 days old), Salmonella sp. (105 days old) and Lawsonia intracelullaris (88 days old) were diagnosed. During the nursery period the most observed diseases was post-weaning diarrhea, and during the growing and finishing period the main disease was PCV2 assosiated disease. During the nursery period the mortality rate ranged from 0 to 1.08% and during the growing and finishing period it ranged from 1.82 to 6.72%. The main causes of mortality determined were circovirosis, Porcine intestinal distencion syndrome and septicemia, which accounted for 25.20%, 11.02% and 6.30% respectively. The rate of carcass condemnation by SIF (Federal Inspection) ranged from 1.02 to 6.71%, and the main cause was pleurisy (23.08 to 100%). The frequency of atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia ranged from 13 to 70% and 16.7 to 72.7% and the which index IRA and IPP ranged from 0.13 to 1.0 and 0.25 to 1.27, respectively. Renal lesions ranged from 33 to 50%, and nephritis was the most observed. The percentage of liver with white spots ranged from 4 to 37% of animals. Lesions in the pars esophageal of the stomach were observed in all the herds with frequency between 70 and 100%. The lesion grade 1 was the most frequentlyO trabalho descreve a avaliação sanitária de suínos criados no sistema wean-to-finish (WF). O projeto foi realizado na região do Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina, no período de janeiro a junho de 2009. Foram acompanhadas oito granjas, com total de 3.545 suínos, criados no sistema wean-to-finish, alojados com média de 28 dias de idade e 8,22Kg de peso vivo. Os dados foram obtidos através de oito avaliações sanitárias, realizadas nos dias 0, 7, 14, 38, 69, 102, 137 e 143 de alojamento, sendo denominadas avaliações 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 respectivamente. A avaliação 0 consistiu em visualização geral dos suínos e condições das instalações no momento do alojamento. As avaliações 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 consistiram em monitorias clínicas, sendo avaliados índices de diarreia, tosse e espirro. A avaliação 7 consistiu em monitoria de abate para enfermidades respiratórias, renais, hepáticas e úlcera gástrica. Avaliações clínicas adicionais, com realizações de necropsias e/ou coleta de material para análises bacteriológicas e histopatológicas, foram efetuadas quando ocorreram problemas sanitários nas granjas. As frequências de tosse e espirro nas granjas avaliadas aumentaram na 13a e 18a semanas de idade. O maior índice de diarreia foi observado no período de creche, na primeira avaliação, sendo isolado Escherichia coli e Yersinia enterocolitica. Na fase de crescimento e terminação foi diagnosticado Brachyspira sp. (86 dias de alojamento/114 dias de idade), Salmonella sp. (77 dias de alojamento/105 dias de idade) e Lawsonia intracelullaris (60 dias de alojamento/88 dias de idade). No período de creche a doença mais observada foi a diarreia pós desmame e na fase de crescimento e terminação foi a circovirose. A mortalidade na fase de creche variou de 0,00% a 1,08% e na fase de crescimento e terminação de 1,82% a 6,72%, entre granjas. As principais causas de mortalidade determinadas foram a circovirose seguida de Síndrome da distensão intestinal suína (SDI) e septicemia, que representaram 25,20%, 11,02% e 6,30%, respectivamente. O desvio de carcaça pelo SIF variou de 1,02 a 6,71%, sendo a pleurisia a principal causa (23,08 a 100%). As frequências de rinite atrófica progressiva e pneumonia variaram de 13% a 70% e 16,7% a 72,7%, dos animais avaliados e os IRAP e IPP variaram de 0,13 a 1,0 e 0,25 a 1,27, respectivamente. As lesões renais variaram de 33 a 50%, sendo a nefrite a mais prevalente. A percentagem de fígado com manchas brancas variou de 4 a 37%. Em todas as granjas observou-se lesão na pars esofágica do estômago, com frequência de 70 a 100%, sendo a lesão de grau 1 a mais observad

Verification of natural infection of peridomestic rodents by PCV2 on commercial swine farms

The porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) is the main agent responsible for porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Few studies have been done regarding PCV2 infection in other species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of PCV2 infection in the peridomestic rodent species Mus musculus and Rattus rattus on commercial pig farms in Brazil. Immunohistochemistry assay demonstrated PCV2 in the spleen, lung and kidney. Viral DNA was detected in tissues by nested PCR assay. Partial sequences of PCV2 genomes detected in the rodents had strong identity with gene sequences of PCV2 isolates from pigs. These results show that the studied peridomestic rodent species can be naturally infected by PCV2. However, further studies are needed to confirm PCV2 transmission from rodents to pigs